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1、句子的语态,主动语态与被动语态,语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。,动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词b
2、y 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键，过去分词勿错变，原主变宾by后见。,一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/have tobe done,He is
3、 asked to a party.他被邀请去参加一个聚会。,This book was written in 1969.这本书是1969年写成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years.这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the factory had been opened.他说这家工厂已经开张。
4、,The work will be finished in three hours.工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked after well.这孩子必须被好好照顾。,在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：,(一)主动句与被动句的转换,Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。,宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键，过去分词勿错变，原主变宾by后见。,People
5、 speak English almost all over the world.世界各地都有人讲英语。,当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,English is spoken almost all over the world.,1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：,People believe that he is an honest boy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,I gave the boo
6、k to Mr.Smith yesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,Mr.Smith was given a book yesterday(by me).,The book was given to Mr.Smith yesterday(by me).,3.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。,They have never listened to him.,人家从不听他的话。,表示被动意义的主动句：,Cotton feels s
7、oft.棉花摸上去很柔软。Ripe apples pick easily.熟了的苹果容易摘下来。,He has never been listened to.,Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.(用被动语态改写下列各句)：,1)They eat breakfast between eight and ten oclock.,Breakfast is eaten between eight and ten oclock.,2)A lot of people talked about the unusual hot weath
8、er yesterday.,The unusual hot weather was talked about.,3)His father allows him a little money every month.,A little money is allowed to him by his father every month.,4)The teacher will give you some instructions.,Some instructions will be given to you.You will be given some instructions.,II.Rewrit
9、e the following sentences in the active voice.(用主动语态改写下列句子),1)Many changes can be seen by the year 2008.,People can see many changes by the year 2008.,2)This letter neednt to be typed.,You neednt type this letter.,主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般情况要熟记,“be+过去分词”常用起，过去现在只变be,将来时态更易记，前面用上will/would 即，情态动词大家族，写在其前就完毕，完成时态不难记，have/had been+过去分词，进行时态要留意，be being+过去分词，特殊情况要心细，感官、使役to 提起，如遇介、副小短语，转换之中别丢弃，找准主、谓、宾三弟，做题轻松又如意。,
