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1、现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,一、构成:,have/has+动词过去分词,二、含义:,(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.,句式构成,1.肯定句:,S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。,2.否定句:,S(语)+have/has+not+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。,3.一般疑问句,Have/has+S(主语)+PP(过去分词)?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+have/hasn
2、t.,（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)I have seen him since his wedding day.,I havent seen him since his wedding day.,Have you seen him since his wedding day?,He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句),Has he written to you since you have been ill?,He hasnt written to me since I have been ill,不规则动词原型-过去式-过
3、去分词形式：,1）AAA型(三种都一样)如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)如:bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,3）ABC型(三种都不一样)如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)如:come-came-come become became be
4、come run ran run,1.现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.Already肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”,一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”,Eg.Ive already had breakfast.(更常见)=Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调)Have you had breakfast already?,注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.Shes already eighty years old.It was already very late.,2.yet在现在完成时
5、中的用法,否定句:句末“还(没)”,疑问句:句末“己经”,Eg.I havent had breakfast yet.Have you had breakfast yet?,注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg.I have already done my homework.否定句:一般疑问句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3.ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”,Eg.Ive ever been to Beijin
6、g.Have you ever been to Beijing?,4.never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg.Ive never been to Beijing.,注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”,Eg.He has ever made dumplings.否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.,He has never made dumplings.,5.just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg.Ive ju
7、st had breakfast.What have they just done?,6.before在现在完成时中的用法,用于句末,表示“以前”Eg.Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?,(定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.,1.for+,Eg.I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2.since+,从句(一般过去时),词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,E
8、g.I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注:对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,绝不能用when.,Eg.I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3):短暂性动词不能和for或
9、since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中.Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,5.短暂动词和延续动词转换,have,keep,be here,be away(from),be open/be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,wear,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a membe
10、r of,be in/at,have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in的用法区别,1“Have/has been to+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2“have/has gone to+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。3“have/has been in+地名”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记：been to，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清；have/has been to+地名，曾经到过某地行；have/has
11、gone to+地点，到某地去了已走远。have/has been in+地名，已经在某地了。,Since句式：It is+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+has passed+since+句子(一般过去时),Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动
12、作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）,用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）,1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film befo
13、re.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律,AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put
14、 cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。,有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含规则动词),1.另
15、有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged),ABB(含规则动词),ABC,ABC,有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或
16、en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-been are-were-been,do(does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied),Thank you!,
