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1、冠 词,冠词分为不定冠词（a,an）和定冠词（the）两种。,一、不定冠词的用法,不定冠词用于名词之前，表示“一个”或“一”。不定冠词 a 用于一般名词之前，an 用于在发音上以元音音素开头的词之前（不是以元音字母开头的词）。例如:a book,a chair,an apple,an ink bottle,an hour.（以字母 u 开头的词，发音为ju:时，前面要用冠词a.例如：a university.）,（一）、第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词 a起介绍作用。例如：,1）、What is he?-He is a teacher.他是干什么的？-他是教师。（冠词 a起介绍作用，此处表示
2、某人的身份。）,2）、There is a new book on the desk.桌子上有一本新书。（向别人介绍桌子上有什么东西。）,3）、A Wang is looking for you.一位姓王的同志正在找您。（告诉对方是谁在找您。）,4）、I saw an Indian elephant in the zoo yesterday.我昨天在动物园里看到了一头印度象。（告诉别人我在动物园里看到了什么。）,（二）、不定冠词 a 与名词连用时，通常概括人或事物的整体，表示一类，既以其中的一个代表一类。如：,1）、A spade is a tool.铁楸是一种农具。（不能译为一把铁楸是一种农
3、具。冠词a代表一类东西。）,2）、A bike is very useful in the countryside.自行车在农村里很有用。（不能译为：一辆自行车。冠词a表示自行车这类西。）,3）、An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比马力气大。（不能译为一头大象比一匹 马力气大。）,4）、A post office is a place where people can post letters,parcels and so on.邮局是人们寄信、寄包裹和寄其他东西的地方。,（三）、不定冠词 a 可用于某些词组，它是该词组不可缺少的组成部分。例如：,g
4、o out for a walk 出去散步a long time 很长时间a few 有几个，少数（表肯定）a little 有一点，少量at a mouthful一口,（四）、不定冠词可用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”之义例如：,1、three times a day 每天三次2、We have an English dictation once a week.我们没周进行一次英语听写。,（五）、不定冠词 用于抽象名词之前表具体介绍：是什么样的人，是什么样的事物。“a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用。,1）This little girl is a joy to her pare
5、nts(=a girl giving joy).这个小女孩给她父母带来乐趣。,例如：,2）Its an honor to me to attend the meeting(=a occasion reflecting honor).这个会对我来说是一种荣誉。（我参加这个会感到很荣幸。）,二、定冠词的用法,不用定冠词的地方：,1、复数可数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时，不用定冠词。,1）、Horses are animals.马是动物2）、I like flowers.我喜爱花3）、Children will be children.孩子总是孩子。4）、Mr.Smith l
6、ikes to have rice for supper.史密斯先生晚餐喜欢吃米饭。,例如：,2、国名，人名前不加定冠词。例如：,China,Japan,England,Mary,Henry,Wang Hong etc.,3、专有名称可以加定冠词或不定冠词来指出一时的或新的一种概念。例如：,The China ruled by the“gang of four”is gone.A modern china will be born.“四人帮”统治时期的中国已过去了。,4、在表示称呼的名词（与人名、专有名词连用）之前一般不用定冠词。例如：,Mr.Brown 布朗先生Miss Green 格林小姐
7、,5、在表示“公园”的名词之前不用定冠词。例如：,Beihai Park 北海公园Zhongshan Park中山公园,6、在表示“火车站”的名词之前，不用定冠词。例如：,Beijing Railway Station 北京站Huaihua Railway Station怀化站,7、在表示“早、中、晚”三餐的名词之前不用定冠词。例如：,1、I like rice for supper.2、My mother often goes to work without breakfast.3、Lets go out to dinner.,8、在表示“官衔”、“职位”的名词之前不用定冠词。例如：,The
8、 guards took the American to General Howe,commander of the British forces.卫兵们把这个美国人送到英军司令豪将军那里去。,9、在某些习惯用语中的名词之前不用定冠词，以具体名词表示抽象概念。例如,1、School begins in September.2、The thief was thrown into prison.3、Before I go to bed,Id like to have a cup of tea.,4、The teacher asked us not to talk to each other in
9、class.5、Shall we go by plane or by train?,10、在表示“体育运动”、“娱乐活动”的名词之前，不用定冠词。例如：,1）、play basketball,play volleyball,play football2）、play chess,play cards,11、在表示“星期”、”月份“、”季节“等时间的名词之前，一般不用定冠词。例如：,1）、We have classes from Monday to Saturday2）、Does your brother like skating in winter?3）、March is the third m
10、onth of a year.,(二)哪些地方要用定冠词,1、在表示“前面已说过的人或事物”的名词之前加定冠词。例如：,1）、There is a girl and an old man sitting in the corner of the room,I think the man must be the girls father.,2).I bought a dictionary yesterday.The dictionary is now on the bookshelf.,3).I got a letter yesterday morning.The letter was sent
11、 by my father from the U.S.,2、在表示“说话人与听话人都知道的共同所指的东西”的名词之前加定冠词。例如：,1).Xiao Hong,take the chair to that room.2).Shut the door,please.3).Look at the blackboard,pupils.,3、在表示一般意义的名词前加定冠词表示特定的意义。例如：,1).Flowers are sweet.The flowers in Marys garden seem especially sweet.2).She drinks milk every day.The m
12、ilk on the table is hers.3).She likes to have butter and the butter sold in this shop is very well made.,4、在序数词之前加定冠词。例如：,1).He is always the last one to come and the first one to leave.2).Where do you live?-I live on the second floor(of this building).3).This exciting story is on the fifth page(of
13、this book).,5、在表示乐器名称的名词之前用定冠词。例如：,play the pianoplay the violin,6、在形容词和副词最高级之前加定冠词，但副词最高级之前的the可省略。例如：,1).Who does the homework(the)most carefully in your class?2).Li Ming is the tallest of us three.,7、在表示江河、山脉的专有名词之前加定冠词。例如：,the yellow riverthe Yangtze river the Mississippi the Himalayas,8、表示独一无二的
14、东西的名词之前，用定冠词。例如：,the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth,the world,etc,9、在报刊、杂志的名称的名词前，用定冠词。例如：,1).I take the Peoples Daily.2).Pass me the Evening Paper,please.3).The Times is read all over the world.,11、在专有名词前加定冠词。例如：,1).The Summer Palace looks especially beautiful today in the rain.2).The Browns are at
15、 home to visitors today.,12、定冠词与形容词连用表示某一类人。例如：,the wounded 受伤者，the rich 富人，the poor 穷人，the deaf 聋子the exploited被剥削者，the oppressed 被压迫者etc.,Practice,apple,university,old woman,hour,school,useful dictionary,American friend,history book,ink-bottle,mistake,English song,exercise book,great honor,one-eye
16、d elephant,announcement,honest man,island,yellow shirt,honest boy,army,egg,umbrella,oilfield,interesting book,在下面的名词前加不定冠词：,用适当的冠词填空：,There is _ bed and _ table in my bedroom._ bed is brown,and _ table is yellow.There is _ notebook on my desk.I use _ notebook to keep a diary.Its raining now.Take _ r
17、aincoat with you._ raincoat is in my bag.There is _ ink-bottle on the desk._ ink in _ bottle is red.,5._ sun rises in _ east and sets in _ west.6.Wangs mother is _ English teacher.She teaches in _ primary school.7.Xiao Ming is _ youngest pupil in my class.8.We have three meals _ day.We have breakfas
18、t at seven in _ morning every day.,9.She is _ great comfort to her mother.10.China is _ ancient country with _ long history.11.How many lessons had you learned by _ end of last term.12.I am neither _ American,nor _ Asian.I am _ Canadian.13.It will take me _ hour and _ half to read this short story.,
19、14.This old man is always kind to _ poor.15.China has _ population of 10 hundred million._ Chinese people are _ great people.16.Her mother is _ university teacher.She is _ honest woman.17.I shall be crossing _ Atlantic tomorrow.18.Shut _ door,please!19.She likes _ curtains in this room.20.I was playing _ violin just now.,
