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1、中考英语复习方案语法部分,第一篇 词法二、冠词,复习要点1.知识概要2.不定冠词的用法3.定冠词用法4.不用冠词的情况5.正误辨析6.例题解析7.课时训练,知识概要冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。,难点链接,1.不定冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如；John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2
2、)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.,难点链接,2.定冠词用法(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：The book
3、 on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Open the door,please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：Yesterday Johns father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序数词
4、和形容词最高级之前。例如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month of the year.(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：the Great Wall,the Summer palace,in the morning,in the open air等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”
5、。例如：the Browns,the whites等。,难点链接,3.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词.如：They are workers.We are students.(4
6、)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：I dont feel well today,Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：I have lunch at home.He often plays football after class.We have English and maths every day.(6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：By air,at night,at home,go to bed,go to school,on foo
7、t,from morning till night 等。,正误辨析,1.误This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a“n”in the word.是错句，应为：There is an“n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：I need a
8、n hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.2.误I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.析因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man,an English teacher,an elephant,an idea,an hour ago,an hon
9、est boy。3.误I bought the dictionary yesterday.A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday.The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。4.误Please turn off lights before you leave.正Please turn off the lights before you leave.析虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。,正误辨析,5.误“Can you he
10、lp me”“Sorry,Im in hurry.”正“Can you help me”“Sorry.Im in a hurry.”析不定冠词的主要用法如下：（1.用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher.（2）指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.（3）泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.（4）相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.（5）其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：如：have a wa
11、lk/a rest/a look 又如：in a hurry,make a face,do somebody a favour,a number of=many 又如：have a good time,have a cold,have a headache,have a break=have a rest6.误There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth,the moon,the sun,the sky,the sea.7.误I
12、 live on a second floor of this building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family.,正误辨析,8.误I want to learn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second language this term.析在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。9.
13、误Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。10.误Look,there are Alp.误Look,there are the Alp.正Look,there are the Alps.析具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The A
14、lps are in the center of Europe.11.误Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析报刊名称前应加定冠词。12.误Rich are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.,正误
15、辨析,13.误I like to eat bread for breakfast.Bread sells in this shop is very good.正I like to eat bread for breakfast.The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。14.误The sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east,in the west,in the north,in the south,in the dir
16、ection 及in the past,in the future15.误Do you know who invented telephone 正Do you know who invented the telephone 析在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河16.误Would you please buy some food for the supper 正Would you please buy some food for supper 析泛指一日
17、三餐前无定冠词。17.误I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Spring is the best season in a year.,正误辨析,18.误Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school上学，leave sc
18、hool(辍学)，after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。19.误I bought a same dictionary as she bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在惯用法the same,the only,the very前的定冠词不可换为不
19、定冠词。20.误The police caught the thief by his arm.正The police caught the thief by the arm.析这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike(打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)动词后应加人，再加介词on,by,in,with之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his,her,their,等词。,正误辨析,22.误I went to New York by his car.正I
20、went to New York by car.正I went to New York in his car.析by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如：by car(坐小汽车)by taxi(坐出租车)by bike(骑自行车)by water(乘船)by air(乘飞机)by sea(乘船)23.误Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.正Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.析在乐器
21、前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：They like to play bridge when they are free.(他们空闲时爱打桥牌)24.误The little boy wanted to go to cinema.正The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.析英语中虽有一些名词与go to连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如：go to school(上学)，go to bed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用go to the cinema.这也是语言的一个特点。25.误I live at 105 the Lake s
22、treet.正I live at 105 Lake Street.析街道名称前不用冠词。,正误辨析,26.误Next summer holiday,I will go to country to live on a farm.正Next summer holiday,I will go to the country to live on a farm.析country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如：Japan is a country.Japan,China,India are Asian countries.27.误The p
23、icture looks better in a sun.正The picture looks better in the sun.析in the sun 是固定词组，冠词不能随便改变。这样常用的词组还有：in a hurry(匆忙)in the morning/afternoon(上/下午)in the rain(雨中)in the same way(同样)in the shade(在阴凉处)in the day time(白天)in the end(最终)on the other hand(换句话说)28.误The little boy and girl walk along the st
24、reet a hand in a hand.正The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.析这是英语中的习惯用法，如：day after(by)day(一天又一天)day and night(日日夜夜)face to face(面对面)from time to time(再三)hand in hand(手拉手)shoulder by shoulder(肩并肩),例题解析,1 Mr Li is old worker.A a B an C some D/答案B.析an用于元音音素开始的单词前。2 English is use
25、ful language in world.A an,the B a,the C the,/D/,the答案B.析因useful的第一个音素是j，它是辅音音素。3 What interesting book it is?A a B an C the D/答案B.析这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。4 He will be back in hour.A/B the C a D an答案D.析因hour的首字母h不发音。5 There is map in the classroom.map is on
26、 the wall.A a,A B the,The C a,The D the,A答案C.析在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词，而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。,6 Look at picture!Theres house in it.A a,a B the,the C a,the D the,a答案D.析虽然是第一次提到，但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画，所以应选择D。7 There is orange in the bottle.A a B an C the D/答案D.析这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。8 Beijing is capital of our c
27、ountry.A the B an C/D a答案A.析capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。9 If you work hard at English,youll get“A”in the test.A an B/C the D a答案A.析因字母A的第一音素是元音。10 He usually goes to school on foot.A a B an C the D/答案D.析on foot意为走路上学，是习惯用法。,例题解析,11.About _ students in our class can describe that place in English.A.three-fi
28、fths B.three-fifth C.third-five D.third-fifths 答案：A。析该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。12.Nine _ pounds a week?Thats very good.A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.hundreds D.hundred 答案：D。析该题考查的是数词的用法。Nine hundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。13.We often have sports after class,and I
29、like to play _ basketball.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 答案：D。析该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选D。14.This is _ song Ive told you about.Isnt it _ beautiful one?A.the;the B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the 答案：C。析该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。,例题解析,课时训练,1.Wheres_maths teacher?Hes talking with Sams father.A.a B.
30、an C.the D.2.Though the first letter is _“u”in the world useful,we must say“_useful book”.A.a,a B./,a C./,an D.an,an3.We are thirsty.Please give me_.A.two cups of teaB.two cups teaC.two cup of teas D.two cups of teas4.I have_orange.You may drink it.A.a little B.a few C.few D.little5.Which is _second
31、 longest river in China?Yellow River.A.a,/B.the,The C.the,/D./,A 6.This morning I had _ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.A.an B.a C.the D./7.-Whats the matter with you?-I caught _ bad cold and had to stay in _bed.A.a;/B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the,C,A,A,A,B,A,A,课时训练,8.-Have you seen _ pen?I left
32、it here this morning.-Is it _ black one?I think I saw it somewhere.A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a 9._ sun is shining brightly.A.A B.An C.The D./10.There is _“h”in the word hour.A.a B.the C.an D./11.Did you enjoy your stay in Xian?Yes.I had _ wonderful time.A.a B.an C.the D./12._ sun is bigger than _ earth.A.A;the B.A;an C.The;an D.The;the13.There is _ apple and some pears on the table.A.the B./C.a D.an14.David has _ cat.Its very nice.A.a B.an C.the D./15.Im reading _ novel.It is _ interesting story.A.a;an B.a;a C.the;the D./;an,A,C,C,A,D,D,A,A,See you next time!,
