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1、Unit 8 Grammar,代词,代词的分类 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词,人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。,I am a worker,I work in the factory.我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。You are a good teacher.你是一位优秀教师。He is my friend.他是我的朋友。She is a little girl.她是一个小女孩。Its a heavy box,I cant carry it.这是一个重盒子，我搬不动。They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他
2、。,人称代词主格：,人称代词主格作_,用在_的前面。一般置于句_。,主语,动词或Be动词,首,注：人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”You,she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐。,Its me.Open the door quickly.是我，快开门。Dont tell him about it.不要告诉他这件事情。We all like her very much.我们都很喜欢她。Our teacher is very strict with us.我们的老师对我们很严格。My grandparents live in the
3、 USA.I often chat with them on the Net.我的祖父母在美国居住。我经常跟他们网上聊天。,人称代词宾格：,人称代词宾格作_,用在_的后面。,宾语,动词或介词,She 的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。,It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天
4、气、距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today?Its windy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。Its about five minutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。,2.it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.who is the person over there?It is the headteacher.,3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳。Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。Its good for you taking a
5、walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。,1.-Who is knocking at the door?-I dont know.I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was.A.he B.she C.it 2.I cant find my hat.I dont know where I put _.A.one B.it C.that3.I cant find my hat.I think I must buy_.A.it B.one C.that,固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是 It is+adj.(+for sb.)+
6、to do sth.It is hard for me to do this work.2.轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to clean the room.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time(for sb.)to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4.某人花费做某事 It takes sb.some time to do sth.It took me two hours to do my homework.,I found _ very difficult to make
7、 progress in my study.A.its B.it C.that2.It _ my father a whole month to go on business.A.spent B.cost C.took3.It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet.A.go B.to go C.going,句子成分,英语句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。主语是句子叙述的主体，跟汉语主语是一样的。谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词
8、化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任及物动词或介词。,I love my country deeply.,谓语,谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如：I like walking.复合谓语也可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：What does this word mean?I wont do it again.第二种是由连系动词/be+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：You look tired.We are students.,表
9、语,表语是用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词，形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。These desks are yellow.I am all right.We are happy now.She is ten.My work is teaching English.The dictionary is in the bag.My question is how you knew him.,定语,用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词
10、，短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。That is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花。The TV set made in that factory is very good.那个工厂生产的电视机很好。This is my book,not your book.这是我的书，不是你的书。,定语,用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，定语可以由名词，形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词，短语担任。如果定语是单个词，定语放在被修饰词的前面，如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面。That is a beau
11、tiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花。The TV set made in that factory is very good.那个工厂生产的电视机很好。This is my book,not your book.这是我的书，不是你的书。,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,物主代词,I love my country.我热爱我的国家。Is this your car?这是你的汽车吗?This is his father.这位是他的爸爸。These are their b
12、ooks.这些是他们的书。,形容词性物主代词：,形容词性物主代词作_，用在_的前面。,定语,名词,That car is mine,not yours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。These books are ours.Yours are over there.这些书是我们的。你们的（书）在那边。I dont like my book.I like hers.我不喜欢我的书。我喜欢她的。Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。,名词性物主代词：,名词性物主代词作_，_或_，后面_.,主语,不跟名词,表语,宾语
13、,That car is mine,not yours.那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。These books are ours.Yours are over there.这些书是我们的。你们的（书）在那边。I dont like my book.I like hers.我不喜欢我的书。我喜欢她的。Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.昨天我在街上碰见了我的一位朋友。,名词性物主代词：,名词性物主代词作_，_或_，后面_.,主语,不跟名词,表语,宾语,“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属 A sister of his is a nurse.他的一
14、个妹妹是个护士。Tom is a friend of mine TOM是我的一个朋友,形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours),形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别：形容词性物主代词后面跟名词；名词性物主代词后面不跟名词。,1.She is a friend of _.A.my B.mine C.I2.This isnt my pen,it i
15、s _.A.her B.his C.him3.Frank cant find _ dictionary.Can you lend _ to _?A.her,mine,her B./,yours,he C.his,yours,him,4._ school is much bigger than _.A.Our,their B.Ours,theirs C.Our,theirs5.The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt.A.it B.its C.its,其他代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词,myself,ourselves,yours
16、elf,yourselves,himself,themselves,herself,itself,反身代词,1.反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快自学 请随便吃 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顾自己,enjoy oneself teach/learn oneself sth.help oneself to sth.say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself,注意：oneself 有单复数之分*I e
17、njoy myself.*Children,help yourselves to some fish.,The man is rich,he can buy _ a lot of things.A.he B.his C.himself2.-What a lovely card!Where did you buy it?-I made it by _.A.me B.myself C.itself3.“Help _ to some chicken,”my mother said to the guests.A.yourself B.yourselves C.your,不定代词 不是指明代替特定名词
18、（或形容词）的代词 all,each,every,both,either,neither none,one,little,few,many,much other,another,some,any,no 由some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代词,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any picture-books?,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中
19、Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗？May I ask some questions?我可以问问题吗？Could I have some apples?我可以吃苹果吗？Will you give me some water?你能给我些水吗？,2.many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the basket.Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.,3.another/other another 泛指三个或
20、三个以上中的另一个 I dont want this coat.Please show me another.other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 Do you have any other questions?,4.the other/others/the others the other 1.特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too
21、.,others泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others.Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.,5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few,little 表示否定意义,译为“没有几个
22、”，“没有多少”a few,a little 表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”,Although all the girls have tried their best,only _ pass the exam.A.few B.a few C.a little2.Dont worry.There is _ time left.A.little B.a little C.few3.You are so great!_ people in the school can do it.A.A little B.Little C.Few,6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个
23、”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 Every child likes playing games.each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 Each student was asked to try again.Each of them has a nice skirt.,each every,I gave them _ an apple.A.every B.each C.each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street.Aevery Beach Cboth She g
24、oes shopping _ five days.A.every B.each C.each of 他隔天来这里。He came here _ day.,every other,7.all/none all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 We are all from Canada.They all like English.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）None of us is/are afraid of dogs.,none no one,How many people are
25、there in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.Lucy Who is in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.one None of them _ China.A.come from B.is from C.is come from,8.both/either/neither both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语
26、时后跟名词单数 Neither answer is right.,either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数 There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.,有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neither of them stopped
27、 to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。,_ of the girls _ him.They asked him for name card.A.Neither;know B.Either;know C.Neither;knows Both of his parents _ teachers.A.is B.are C.was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital,but neither of them _ a doctor.A.works;is B.work;is C.work;are,either neither both,botha
28、nd（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。Neither he nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。,either neither both,Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop.A.know B.knows C.finds Neither you nor
29、 I _ a scientist.A.is B.are C.am Both Tom and Mary _ hard.A.studies B.study C.studying,The students are all from Foshan.They _ like their city.A.both B.all C.either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us.A.all B.both C.neither How are your parents?They are _ fine.A.both B.all C.no,9.Something/anything/nothin
30、g Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have something important to tell you.Is there anything else in the box?Nobody can answer the question.,1.Do you have _ to do this evening?A.important something B.anything important C.something important 2._ is watching TV.Lets turn it off.A.Somebody B.Any
31、body C.Nobody3.Would you like _?I can get it for you.A.something else B.anything else C.everything else,one it,The box is in the middle of the room.Move _ away.A.it B.one C./I have lost my pen.I have to buy _.A.one B.it C./How nice your bag is!I want to buy _.A.it B.one C./,one 同类不同件it 同类同件,指示代词 表示空
32、间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物 This is my shirt,thats yours.These TVs are made in China,those are made in Japan.,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to he
33、ar that.,四.指示代词,The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan.A.that B.this C.it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.A.that B.these C.those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight.A.it B.this C.that,疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语宾语定
34、语表语 What makes you think like that?做主语 Who(Whom)were you talking with?做宾语,Which bus do I need?做定语 Whats your father?做表语注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom With whom did he play games?With who did he play games?(错),(2008年广东省汕头市)一Is that _dog?No._is whiteAhis；His Bher；Itis Che；His Dher；Her,中考考什么?,D,(重庆市20
35、08年)We like Mr.Green because he often tells _ funny stories in class.A.we B.us C.our D.ours,B,(重庆市2008年)When shall we go to the museum,this afternoon or tomorrow morning?_ is OK.Im free these days.A.Both B.All C.Either D.Neither,C,(2008年天津市)Is_here?No,John and Bob have asked for leave.A.nobodyB.anyb
36、odyC.somebodyD.everybody,D,Try it out,()1 Is this your football,boys?No,it is not _ A.yours B.our C.mine D.ours()2 The bird builds _ nest in the tree.A.her B.its C.its D.hers()3 The maths problem _ is wrong.A.himself B.he C.itself D.herself,D,B,C,()4 _ want to see the film.A Every student B Each stu
37、dent C All of students D All the students()5 A lot of people have tried,but _ have succeeded.A.the few B.a few C.few D.little()6 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.A.Both B.Neither C.Any D.Either,D,C,C,()7 I have five pencils,one is red,_ is blue and _ are green.A.another,the other B.
38、the other,others C.others,the others D.another,the others()8 I have found _ on the Internet.A.a few informations B.a little informations C.a few information D.a little information,D,D,()9 I have Chemistry classes _ day,Monday,Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.this and other D.all oth
39、er()10-_ is the man under the tree?-Jims father.A.When B.What C.Where D.Who,B,D,课堂达标,11.This stick is _.A.him B.he C.his12.He is always ready to help _.A.another B.the other C.others13._ is Jacks aunt.A.He B.She C.It14.She sent several cards to _ of her friends.A.some B.any C.no15._ subjects do you
40、have this term?A.Which B.Whose C.What16._ of them has a computer.A.Each B.Every C.All17.Can your brother look after _?A.himself B.him C.his,8 Which of _ bikes is yours?A.this B.that C.these19._ are good friends.A.You,he and I B.She,you and I C.I,you and he20.She hasnt brought _ pen today.Will you le
41、nd her _?A.her,your B.hers,yours C.her,yours21.Very _ of them knew the hotel.A.few B.little C.a few22.The jacket is too short.Please show me _.A.other B.another C.one23.Some city people grow vegetables _.A.herself B.himself C.themselves,用恰当的词填空。I am a student._ name is Lily.I often teach _ English.2.Tom is too young.Please look after _.3.He is fourteen._ name is Tom.This book is _.He can look after _.4.Well go fishing later.Would you like to come with _?5.Looking at the boys._ are playing games._ names are Mike and Bill.They enjoy _.,My,myself,him,His,his,himself,us,They,Their,themselves,
