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1、词类：代词：1both,either 和neitherboth:二者都(复数)Both of the boys are clever.neither：二者都不（单数）Neither of the boys is clever.either：二者中任何一个（单数）Either of the boys is clever.Both problems are not difficult.2.other,another,the other,others,the othersanother:泛指众多中的另一个，又一个，I have finished the novel.Please give me an
2、other(one)Would you like another(cup of tea)?They will stay in Beijing for another two days.other：其他的，the other：两者中的另一个，用于“one the other”词组中 He has two sisters.One is a doctor,the other is a nurse.others:代替或泛指其他的人或事the others:表示在一定范围内的，剩下的人或事，其他所有的人或事,1.You may come on Tuesday or Wednesday,_ day wil
3、l do.A allB bothC eitherD one2.Of the three foreigners,one is from Japan and _ two are from Korea.A otherB the other C someD any3.Our factory gave _ worker a bonus of 800 yuan at the end of the year to praise their hard-working.A eitherB everyC allD both4.Tove does not know _ of them.She only knows
4、a few of them.A allB noneC bothD any,形容词、副词1.同级比较：肯定句：as 原级 as 否定句：not as/so 原级 as 倍数/修饰词+as as 倍数：half,twice,threetimes 修饰词：almost,nearly,exactly,quiteThe building is almost as high as that one.The book is three times as thick as that one.2.比较级的用法 数量/倍数/修饰词+比较级+than修饰词：much,far,rather,even,a lot,a
5、little,no(not any)He is two years older than his brother.Your house is twice larger than his.,2个词组：1.bigger and bigger lower and lower 比较级and 比较级 more and more beautiful 越来越 more and more wonderful In winter,the days are getting shorter and shorter.Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.2.the比较
6、级,the比较级:越,就越The more you read,the more you know.The harder you study,the better result you will get.The farther he went,the more afraid he felt.,How often:问次数/频率，用twice,three times回答How long：问时间，用20 minutes,two weeks回答How soon：问多快/多久以后，用in 20minutes,in two weeks回答How far：问多远，用距离回答 20 minutes walk,1
7、.This brand of computer is _ more expensive than I expected.A plentyB a lot C plenty of D a lot of2.The more fruit and vegetables you eat,_ chance of getting cancer you have.A littleB lessC the less D the least3.Staying in a four-star hotel for a night costs _ renting a house in the suburb（近郊）for a
8、month.A twice as much asB twice moreC as much as twiceD as much twice as,情态动词：1.mustnt 和neednt/dont have to You must keep it a secret.You mustnt tell anybody else.You can come with me if you like but you neednt come if you dont want to.need to do(表示主动)We needed to look after the old man.need doing(表
9、示被动)同类require,want The old man needed looking after.2.should have done:本应该(本该做但没有做)=ought to have done I should have arrived here this morning,but the traffic is too heavy.I wonder why theyre so late.They should have been here an hour ago.,3.情态动词表示推测的用法1)cant(表推测多用否定式，意为“不可能”)（对现在、将来）It cant be true
10、.这不可能是真的。2)must:表示肯定推测（对现在）You must be hungry after the long walk.3)may:表示可能性很小的推测（对现在、将来）He may be in his office.4)表示对发生过的事的推测 must cant have done may Ive lost one of my gloves.I must have dropped it somewhere.He cant have said something like that.“I cant find my bag anywhere.”“You may have left it
11、 in the shop.”,1.-Bradford graduated from college with honors at a very young age.-He _ have been an outstanding student.A mustB couldC shouldD might2.-They are supposed to arrive at six,but there is still no sign of them-Something unexpected _ to them.A might happen B must have happenedC would have
12、 happenedD could happen3.The street are all wet.It _ during the night.A must be rainingB must have rainedC had rainedD must rain,非谓语动词：1.动名词:doing 1）这些词后面接动名词：busy,keep,feel like,avoid,cant help,practise,suggest,finish,mind,介词，Its no use/good,Its useless/worth,spend time(in)doing sth.2）not doing:Not
13、 understanding what he meant,I asked him to explain.2.不定式 to do:It takes sb.+time+to do It cost sb.+money+to buy 1）这些词后接不定式：expect,manage,allow,decide,happen,plan,pretend,promise,agree 2）not to do：He promised not to tell lies any more.He decided not to wait any longer.3）look,watch,see,notice,let,mak
14、e,have,hear,feel 后省略to I saw her enter the building.I wont let him do that kind of thing again.,3.to do 与 doing 的区别：forget/remember/regret to do(要做的事)doing（已经做过的事）stop to do（开始）doing（停止）try to do（努力、尽力）doing（尝试）mean to do（企图，打算）doing（意味着）want to do（想要）doing（需要）The classroom building wants/needs pain
15、ting.see sb.to do doing,4.分词1.doing 与 done 的区别 1）时间 Dont disturb the sleeping baby.boiling water/boiled water 2)主动与被动 I found his writing something then.I am reading the novel written by Mark Twain.The problems mentioned will be solved soon.The sea water contains nearly all kinds of natural elements
16、 known.While waiting for the bus,he met a friend he had not seen for years.Waited for a long time,he apologized to the others.,1.Mary saw her son _ the piano when she came to the room.A playingB play C playedD to play2._ the TV tower at night,the city looks even more magnificent with all its lights
17、on.A Seeing fromB To be seen fromC To see fromD Seen from3.You cant expect her _ on time if you are late yourself.A have been B being C beD to be,4.The sandwiches _ by your mother were very delicious.A makeB makingC madeD were made5.The doctor asked Bob to quit _ because of his health.A smokeB smoke
18、sC smokingD to smoke6.Anne couldnt find a taxi,so I offered _ her to the station.A driveB to driveC drivingD having driven,7.Time _,we will arrange for the tourists to visit two or three more remote spots of culture value.A permitsB permittingC permittedD to be permitted8._ a windy day,I decided to
19、stay at home.A BeingB It being C Its D Been,时态：1.主（句）将（来时）从（句）现（在时）1）在以after,before,when,until,as soon as等连词引导的时间从句中：（主）Ill let you know（从）when she gets here.（主）youll see a path to your left,（从）After you go another 50 m 2）在带有if,unless,in case的条件从句中：（主）Ill bring a compass（从）in case we get lost.（主）He
20、will fail his exams（从）unless he take work more seriously.2.用现在进行时表示安排要进行的动作 He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning.What time is Cathy arriving tomorrow?3.be to do:表示将要做（发生）的事，用于表示正式的安排、说明等 The sports meet is to take place on Monday.The queen is to visit our country.be about to do：表示即将发生的事,表示很
21、快要发生的事 Hurry up.The train is about to leave.,完成时：现在完成时:have/has done 过去完成时:had done1.现在完成时1)表示过去发生的而现在有结果的动作：I have lost my passport.（我现在找不到我的护照）“Wheres Linda?”“She has gone to bed.”（她现在睡觉了）I have just I have already I havent yet.Have you ever?“have been”&“have gone”“Wheres Bill?”“Hes away.He has go
22、ne to Spain.”“Hello,Bill.”“Hello.I have been on holiday.I have been to Spain.”,2)表示从过去到现在的时间内发生的动作,与recently/in the last few days/so far/since breakfast 等词连用 Have you heard from George recently?Ive met a lot of people in the last few days.3)表示动作的延续 He has been in Ireland for three days.I have known
23、her for a long time.2.过去完成时：要谈论过去某时间之前发生的动作或行为 When we got home last night,we found that somebody had broken into the flat.I didnt know who she was,I had never seen her before.The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.He had never flown before.I was very pleased to see Tim again after
24、 such a long time.I hadnt seen him for five years.,He has written 5 articles for the magazine so far.He had written 5 articles for the magazine by the end of last month.3 现在完成进行时：动作一直持续到现在并仍在进行 How long have you been learning English?(仍在学习英语)Tim is still watching television.He has been watching tele
25、vision all day.1.Sorry,but we cannot go to San Diego.Our cousins _ to see us next Sunday.A comeB are coming C have comeD came,2.The bus is late and Julie is cold.She _ for the bus for 10 minutes.A waitsB waited C has waitedD has been waiting3.Since arriving in New York,Thomas _ over 15 job interview
26、s.A hasB hadC has hadD is having4.By the year 2100,many different means of transportation _.A will develop B will have developedC will be developingD will have been developed,从句：,名词性从句：引导词、语序、时态定语从句：引导词状语从句：连词,从句：1.Perhaps the days will come _ people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.A whe
27、nB asC whileD since2.Jenny is the only one of the grade who _ selected to school fashion-show team.A isB areC hasD have3.You may borrow this dictionary _ you keep it clean.A as long as B so far asC in caseD even if4.The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.A sinceB whenC lestD
28、unless,Scientists who study the brain have found out a great deal about how we learn.They have discovered that babies learn much more from the sights and sounds around them than(we thought before).Ask her about the events and people in the story you read together.Let her know you are carefully liste
29、ning to(what she says).,Carleton Kendrick suggests that accompanying（陪伴）your child to a website(he often visits)is no different from“checking out a playground(where your kids go),to see that its safe”.Many parents dont know that a simple click（点击）on the“history”tab（键）will produce a list of links to
30、every website(the computer has visited recently).,虚拟语气在If条件状语从句中的使用：,If 主语动词过去式（be 动词were）,would(should,could,might)动词原形,If 主语had 动词过去分词,would(could,should,might)have 动词过去分词,If主语should动词原形,If主语were to动词原形,Would(should,could,might)动词原形,If 主语动词过去式（be 动词were）,If I were you,I would study English harder.
31、,与现在事实相反,If I had got there earlier,I would have caught the bus.,与过去事实相反,If I were to return in a day or two,I would wait for her.,与将来事实相反,If 引导的条件句,It is(high)time 从句用过去时:早该了,It is time we started.我们早该出发了。It is high time you grew up.你早该长大了。,Its(high)time(sb)sth.,did,I would rather you came to my pa
32、rty.我多希望你能来参加我的聚会。I would rather you did the work.我真希望你来做这件事。,表示间接的命令、建议或请求的从句中We suggest that the meeting(should)be put off.我们建议将会议延期He ordered that the medicine(should)be sent by a special plane.他命令用专机送药品I insist that you(should)give me my money back.我要求你把钱退给我I require that he(should)do the work tomorrow.我要求他明天做这项工作,祝大家：考出好成绩 谢谢,
