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1、A,1,Module 3,Unit 2 Grammar and usage,A,2,Learning goals,learn that the preparatory subject/empty subject it is often used to balance the sentence with a long subject.The empty subject it acts as its grammatical subject and the real subject is at the end of the sentence.,A,3,That we should improve o
2、ur oral English is important.It is important that we should improve our oral English.,preferable,correct,Which one is better?,A,4,Preparatory subject it,Read the notes on page 30.,A,5,Preparatory subject it,形式主语it通常情况下，当句子的主语很长（是从句,动词不定式或动名词短语时），我们一般用it作形式主语，让句子结构更加平衡，避免头重脚轻。形式主语it 在语法上起到主语的作用，而句子的真
3、正的主语则在句尾。,A,6,when we use a noun clause as the subject of a sentence.当句子的主语是从句时，我们一般用it作形式主语。a.(correct)That languages borrow words as they are developing is inevitable.=(preferable)It is inevitable that languages borrow words as they are developing.b.(correct)Whether“borrowed words”are good or bad
4、remains a question.=(preferable)It remains a question whether“borrowed words”are good or bad.,1.We can use it as an preparatory subject.,A,7,Preparatory subject“it”:,1.That we would be not able to understand Old English today is certain.=It is certain that we would not be able to understand Old Engl
5、ish today.2.Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.=It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future.3.When we can set off depends on the weather.=It depends on the weather when can we set off.,A,8,(correct)To master a foreign language is hard
6、.(preferable)It is hard to master a foreign language.b.(correct)To gain access to the Internet is important for us.(preferable)It is important for us to gain access to the Internet.,B.when the subject is a to-infinitive.当句子的主语是不定式时，我们一般用it作形式主语。,A,9,C.when the subject is a v-ing form.当句子的主语是动名词v-ing
7、时，我们一般用it作形式主语。a.(correct)It is difficult to stop smoking.=(preferable)Smoking is difficult to stop.b.(correct)It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing.=(preferable)Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time.,A,10,We usually use the preparatory subject it with a clause or to-infinitive(p
8、referable),but with the v-ing form we prefer the real subject at the beginning.通常情况下，当句子的主语是从句或动词不定式时，我们一般用it作形式主语。当句子主语是动词的-ing形式时，我们则一般将真正的主语置于句首，而不使用it作形式主语。,Tip,A,11,2.当seem,appear,happen,turn out 和prove 在句子中作谓语动词时，我们也可以使用形式主语it。It seems that he speaks two languages.=He seems to speak two langua
9、ges.b.My new neighbor happens to come from my home town.=It happens that my new neighbor comes from my home town.,A,12,3.在It is known.;It is said.;It is hoped.;It is believed.等句型中。如:It is said that our school football team won.主语从句也可以用it作形式主语,以wh-连接的句子作真实主语,放到句子后面.如:It is still a question when we sh
10、all have our sports meet.It doesnt matter what you say.,A,13,4.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。It is on Tuesday that she will come.,A,14,Finish exercises A&B,page 31,A,15,The key to Exercise A,(2)It requires
11、a good understanding of their behavior to know what they mean.(3)It always puzzles me why my dog barks in certain ways.(4)It wont be difficult to buy a machine like this.,A,16,The key to Exercise B,2.It happens that several racial groups live in Singapore.3.It is fun to hear different people speakin
12、g different languages all at the same time.4.It is certain that Ill see you next week.,A,17,高考链接,1.It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.(2011江苏)A.that B.how C.whenD.why,D,2.Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is _ he never finishes anything.(2011山东)A.that B.wh
13、en C.where D.why,D,A,18,3.Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.(2011湖南)A.what B.that C.which D.why,A,A,19,4.（2012上海卷）Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do?No,_ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.who B.that C.what D.which,C,A,20,5.（201
14、2全国卷）It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.A.how B.which C.that D.what,D,A,21,6.(2013湖南)Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that C.which D.where7.(2013四川)_ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That,A,C,A,22,Homework:,Workbook:C1(Page 100),
