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1、,猪营养体系 Swine Nutrition System,正大集团饲料技术线 Feed Technology Function Line China Area,营 养 学 真 意The Reality of Nutrition,产 出=(遗 传+环 境+营 养)*管 理P=(G+E+N)*M,猪营养体系Swine Nutrition Systems,母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition System 乳猪营养体系 Baby Pig Nutrition System 育肥猪营养体系 Grow/finish Nutrition System,母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition Syst
2、em,揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量Understand the nutritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation了解不同胎次营养需求的差异Understand potential parity differences评价后续的繁殖性能Must evaluate subsequent reproductive performance,产仔更多（12.5头活仔）Larger litter size(12.5 born alive)高产奶量和仔猪窝增重（2.5-3.5 kg/d）Higher milk yield a
3、nd greater litter growth rate(2.5 3.5 kg/d)成年体型更大Greater mature body size体组成改变（脂肪少、瘦肉多）Change in body composition-less fat,more lean 食欲降低 Reduced appetite,现代种母畜与20-30年前相比差别很大：Breeding female of today is very different than her counterpart of 20-30 years ago:,合理的初生重High birth weight,妊娠目标Goals Gestati
4、on,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt,妊娠目标Goals Gestation,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt,妊娠目标Goals Gestation,妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体正常The goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-9
5、0%of the gestating sows in“normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation,体况评分Body Condition Score,1,5,4,3,2,过瘦Thin,正常Normal,过肥Fat,控制能量摄入 Control Energy Intake,饲喂量不足会导致:Under Feeding Causes:降低仔猪初生重Decrease in pig birth weight断奶前死亡PWM降低泌乳量Decrease milk production影响繁殖性能Poor reproductive performance,控制能量摄入Co
6、ntrol Energy Intake,过量采食会导致：Over Feeding Causes:增加不必要花费Unnecessary expense增加死胎率Increases embryonic mortality影响乳腺发育Reduces mammary development增加母猪死亡率和淘汰率Increase sow mortality and culling rate减少泌乳期的采食Reduces lactation feed intake,妊娠期 Gestation,妊娠期 Gestation,妊娠期 Gestation,妊娠期 Gestation,母猪营养体系 Sow Nutr
7、ition System,了解不同胎次营养需求的差异Understand potential parity differences,初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals,初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals,体重达到135-150 kgWeight at breeding 135 150 kg,分娩3胎以上产仔总数与母猪的配种体重的关系Total born over 3 parities according to breeding weight,Source:Williams et al,2005,第一次配种体重,分娩3胎以上总仔猪数,分娩3胎以上产仔总数与
8、母猪的配种体重的关系Total born over 3 parities according to breeding weight,Source:Williams et al,2005,第一次配种体重,分娩3胎以上总仔猪数,初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals,体重达到135-150 kgWeight at breeding 135 150 kg第2或第3次发情记录2nd or 3rd recorded estrus,初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals,体重达到135-150 kgWeight at breeding 135 150 kg第2或第3次发情记
9、录2nd or 3rd recorded estrus12.5头总产仔数12.5 total born,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt好的母猪管理最大限度地发挥仔猪的生产性能 Maximize performance of piglets on the sow,出生重、断奶前日增重与断奶体重的关系（25日龄断奶）Birth Weight,Preweaning ADG,and Weaning Weight(25d),出生重（公斤）,断奶重（公斤）,断奶前平均日增重
10、（克）,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt好的母猪管理最大限度地发挥仔猪的生产性能 Maximize performance of piglets on the sow 初生重的提高可以提高断奶仔猪的存活率和体重Increased birth weight improves in crate survivability and weaning weights,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况 Sow feeding
11、in gestation affects birth wt揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量 Understand the nutritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation胚胎的生长需要 Growth of fetus and associated tissues,胎儿蛋白沉积 Fetal Protein Accretion,McPherson et al.,2004,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况 Sow feeding in gestation affects
12、birth wt揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量 Understand the nutritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation胚胎的生长需要 Growth of fetus and associated tissues乳腺组织的生长需要 Mammary tissue,乳腺蛋白沉积 Protein in Mammary Gland,Ji,2004,Protein,g/gland,Days of Gestation,合理的初生重High birth weight,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况 Sow feedi
13、ng in gestation affects birth wt揭示现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量 Understand the nutritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation胚胎的生长需要 Growth of fetus and associated tissues乳腺组织的生长需要 Mammary tissue头胎母猪的维持与生长 Maintenance and growth in case of gilts,采食量最关键Feed intake is the key,妊娠期饲喂方案Gestation Optio
14、ns,.妊娠早期和后期饲喂不同量的同种日粮One diet fed a different amounts in early and late gestation.,同种妊娠日粮One Gestation Diet,妊娠早期和中期Early and Mid Gestation(Day 0 85)1.8 2.0 kg/d 妊娠后期Late Gestation(Day 86 114)2.4 3.0 kg/d,妊娠期饲喂方案Gestation Options,.妊娠早期和后期饲喂不同量的同种日粮One diet fed a different amounts in early and late ge
15、station.饲喂两种日粮Two different diets,要点REMEMBER,不同胎次采食不同 There are differences in NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT by parity妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体况正常The goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-90%of the gestating sows in“normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation,要点REMEMBER,不同胎次采食不同 There ar
16、e differences in NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT by parity妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体况正常The goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-90%of the gestating sows in“normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation,采食量最关键Feed intake is the key,发挥乳猪生长潜力Maximize baby pig growth potential,合理的初生重 High birth
17、weight仔猪的生产性能始于母猪的饲养 Piglet performance starts with sow feeding gestation and lactation好的母猪管理最大限度地发挥仔猪的生产性能 Maximize performance of piglets on the sow,What is baby pig growth potential.?,断奶前平均日增重,克/天ADG before weaning,乳猪生长潜力Growth Potential of Baby Pigs,Artificial rearing real genetic growth potenti
18、al,哺乳杯 Milk feeding Cups 保温栏Milk Feeding Pen,新生仔猪人工饲养的生长潜力Potential Growth Rate of NeonatalPigs Using Artificial Rearing,CV 14%(n=16),Boyd et al.,1995,Average Growth Rate,g/d,Milk kg/d 10.8 15.3 18.4 19.4 22.2 26.0,母猪日产奶量与断奶前乳猪平均日增重的关系Sow Daily Milk Production&Preweaning Daily Gain,断奶前平均日增重（克）,母 猪 日
19、 产 奶 量（公斤/天）,Standardized 10 pigs per litter,What is reasonable expectation for milk production.?,不同母猪哺乳期的性能Differences in Pig Growth Rate and Milk Production Estimates for Prolific Sows,Piglet ADG,g/pig/d 256 234 248 287 311,Standardized 10 pigs per litter,What are the keys to lactation success.?,泌
20、乳期成功的关键 Lactation Keys to Success,进入分娩房时母猪体重和身体状态合适Proper size and condition entering farrowing house采食量!FEED INTAKE!真正自由采食“True ad libitum”feeding,INTK Feeder,饲喂系统对泌乳母猪性能的影响Effect of system of feeding on performance of lactating sows,Peng,J.J.,S.A.Somes,and D.W.Rozeboom.J.Anim.Sci.2007,85:853-860,泌
21、乳期成功的关键 Lactation Keys to Success,进入分娩房时母猪体重和身体状态合适Proper size and condition entering farrowing house采食量!FEED INTAKE!真正自由采食“True ad libitum”feeding明确营养需要Knowing Nutrient Needs,试验目标Objectives,研究实际生产条件下初产母猪泌乳期赖氨酸需要To evaluate the optimum lysine level for lactating gilts under commercial research condi
22、tions.,Lys req.?,材料与方法 Materials and Methods,初产母猪 263 PIC(Camborough 22)1st parity gilts 5 种饲料 Allocated to 5 dietary treatments in CRD 0.95%Lysine 1.05%Lysine 1.15%Lysine 1.25%Lysine 1.35%Lysine每个处理50-55头母猪 Each treatment had 50-55 sows试验期 16-22天 Sows were on test for 16-22 days,日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量的影响Effec
23、t of dietary lysine intake on ADFI,Trt effect P=0.23,SEM=0.16,Average feed intake,初产母猪20天泌乳期的平均日采食量ADFI(g/d)during 20 d lactation in P1 sows,Gilts.!,初产母猪28天泌乳期的平均日采食量Projected ADFI(g/d)during 28 d lactation in P1 sows,要点REMEMBER,不同胎次采食不同 There are differences in feed intake by parity第一胎母猪采食会少0.5-2.0
24、 kg/d Parity 1 females consume 0.5 to 2.0 kg/d less,日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量的影响Effect of dietary lysine intake on ADFI,Trt effect P=0.23,SEM=0.16,Average feed intake,日粮赖氨酸对仔猪日增重的影响Effect of lys intake on piglet ADG(g/d),Trt P 0.02,Linear P 0.01;SEM=7.84,日粮赖氨酸对仔猪日增重的影响Effect of lys intake on piglet ADG(g/d),Trt P
25、 0.02,Linear P 0.01;SEM=7.84,日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量的影响Effect of dietary lysine intake on ADFI,Trt effect P=0.23,SEM=0.16,日粮赖氨酸水平对初产母猪和仔猪的影响Effect of Dietary Lysine on P1 Sow and Litter Performance,Data represents 52 to 54 sows/treatment.,Why are we concerned about BWt change.?,母猪体重损失对下胎繁殖性能的影响Impact of BW Loss
26、 on Subsequent Performance P1-2,abcMeans within a row without a common superscript differ(P.05),Summary of 577 sows commercial unit,日粮赖氨酸水平对初产母猪和仔猪的影响Effect of Dietary Lysine on P1 Sow and Litter Performance,Data represents 52 to 54 sows/treatment.,What is 500 grams increase in wean wt worth.?,断奶重越大
27、断奶后生长速度越快0.1 kg at weaning=a saving of 1/2-1 day at slaughter,Can you tell 100 g difference in weaning wt.?Can you track 1 day earlier to slaughter.?,断奶重,猪营养体系Swine Nutrition Systems,母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition System 乳猪营养体系 Baby Pig Nutrition System,断奶后第一周生长状况对上市日龄的影响ADG first week post weaning,断奶后第一周内平均日
28、增重(g)ADG first week post weaning Pollmann（1993),断奶后第一周生长状况对上市日龄的影响ADG first week post weaning,断奶后第一周内平均日增重(g)ADG first week post weaning Pollmann（1993),好的开始Better Start Faster Finish,平均而言，断奶体重每增加1kg可缩短出栏时间4-5天On average each 1 kg extra gain within 3 weeks post weaning reduced days to mkt by 4 5 days
29、,断奶仔猪的生理缺陷Physiological challenges to weaning the baby pig,小肠结构的完整性 Undeveloped small intestine酶系发育不完善 Enzyme production is immature,断奶仔猪乳糖酶Enzyme Development,断奶仔猪的生理缺陷Physiological challenges to weaning the baby pig,小肠结构的完整性 Undeveloped small intestine酶系发育不完善 Enzyme production is immature产酸能力低 Acid
30、 production is immature免疫机能不健全 Immune system is not fully developed,断奶仔猪免疫力Immune System Development,断奶初期 Starter Program,挑战 Challenges从母乳到干饲料 Transition from sows milk to dry feed断奶早 Weaning age健康/管理 Health/Management环境,病原,饲料变化等 Environmental stress,pathogen exposure,abrupt change in diet compositi
31、on and physical state采食量减少导致增重慢 Experience reduced wt gains due to reduced feed intake,高档乳猪料Criteria of Premium Baby Pig Feed,提高后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake抗拉稀 Minimize diarrhea减少断奶应激 Reduce stress of weaning,采食量最关键Feed intake is the key,采食量最关键Feed intake is the key提高后期生长 Growth performa
32、nce,Touchette al.,1997,特殊原料与原料品质Special Ingredients&Ingredient Quality,特殊原料与原料品质Special Ingredients&Ingredient Quality,极好的原料 Excellent ingredient for baby pigs适口性好 Palatable易消化 Highly digestible乳糖含量高 High lactose content,断奶仔猪料中乳清粉的使用Dried Whey in Pig Starter Diets,断奶仔猪乳糖酶Enzyme Development,日采食量ADFI,
33、Lactose Effect,ADFI g/d,Quadratic P 0.05;SEM=13,Increasing Lactose,%,Low,High,日增重ADG,Lactose Effect,ADG g/d,Linear P 0.01;SEM=13,Low,High,Increasing Lactose,%,乳清粉的含量影响1-2周的性能ADFI,ADG,2 wks post weaning with or without Lactose(g/d)(克/天),5.3 Kg Weaning BWt,乳清粉的含量影响后期3周的性能ADFI,ADG,wk 3 post weaning wit
34、h or without Lactose(g/d)(克/天),Three diets 0,9,18%Dried Whey first 2 weeks post weaning common diet week 3,高档乳猪料Criteria of premium baby pig feed,提高后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake,饲料采食量好Feed Intake适口性好 Palatability,A,B,适口性,适口性试验照片,仔猪哄抢正大代乳宝,正大代乳宝,高档乳猪料Criteria of premium baby pig feed,提高后期生
35、长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake抗拉稀 Minimize diarrhea,断奶仔猪料中乳清粉的使用Dried Whey in Pig Starter Diets,采食量最关键Feed intake is the key抗拉稀 Minimize diarrhea,Touchette al.,1997,断奶后饲喂Feeding after weaning,断奶后饲喂 Feeding after weaning,高档乳猪料Criteria of premium baby pig feed,提高后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Fee
36、d Intake抗拉稀 Minimize diarrhea减少断奶应激 Reduce stress of weaning,补饲的意义WHY CREEP FEED,训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production,乳猪消化酶分泌及断奶应激Digestive enzyme after weaning,ACP 010.1-PZ-9502,0 1 2 3 4 5 6,淀粉酶 Amylase 脂肪酶Lipase 胰蛋白酶Trypsin,周龄,胰蛋白酶活性,10 50,(x100
37、0)淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,资料来源:Lindeman et al 1986,Weaning,每头乳猪断奶前总采食量与断奶后1周总采食量的关系Feed intake of the piglets during lactation,in relation to feed intake during the 7 d after weaning,断奶后采食量对胰蛋白酶活力的影响Trypsin activity(pancreas&jejunum)at d 6 post-weaning related to post-weaning FI,断奶后0-6天平均日采食量(g/d)Post weaning 6d
38、ADFI g/d,0,120,80,160,280,240,200,40,320,360,400,TotalTrypsinActivityunitsx1000,Caroline A.Makkink,1993,Ph.D.thesisDepartment of Animal Nutrition,Agricultural University of Wageningen.,补饲的意义WHY CREEP FEED,训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production增加产酸能力S
39、timulate gastric acid production,补饲的意义WHY CREEP FEED,训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production增加产酸能力Stimulate gastric acid production肠壁发育Develop gut-villi,小肠吸收表面积：小肠皱褶：X 3倍 绒毛 X10倍 微绒毛(毛刷邊界)X25倍=750 倍,小腸摺皺,微絨毛,絨 毛,乳猪断奶前/后小肠结构之差异The difference of intesti
40、nal structure of baby pig for Pre-weaning and Post weaning,断奶前 断奶后 Pre-weaning Post weaning,断奶后5天绒毛高度和采食量的关系,_,700600500400300200,MEAN VILLOUS HEIGHT,总的采食干物质量(g/天)Total Creep Intake,0 200 400 600,|,Pluske,J.R.et al.,Dept.Of Animal Science,University of Alberta 1993,补饲的意义WHY CREEP FEED,训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味
41、Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production增加产酸能力Stimulate gastric acid production肠壁发育Develop gut-villi减少乳猪断奶应激 Reduce weaning stress,采食量最关键Feed intake is the key,教槽迟早对0-9日龄增重的影响 Creep Feeding Duration Effect on Postweaning Gain(day 0 9),教槽迟早对10-21日龄增重的影响 Creep Feeding
42、 Duration Effect on Postweaning Gain(day 10 21),好的开始Better Start Faster Finish,36 克/天*21 天=756 克36 g/d*21 d=756 g平均而言，断奶体重每增加1kg可缩短出栏时间4-5天On average each 1 kg extra gain within 3 weeks post weaning reduced days to mkt by 4 5 days,如何补饲How to use creep feed,越早越好，最佳开始时间5-7日龄?Use creep feed early start
43、 at 5-7d颗粒料比粉状料更适用Use pellet creep feed高档乳猪料High quality creep feed清洁Good sanitation/management/biosecurity,教 槽 Start creep feeding,3-5 2,采食量最关键.!Feed intake is the key,总结 Summary,保育阶段的生长对后期的影响Nursery ADG effect on grow/finish ADG,High,Low,日增重,断奶后日龄,正常保育猪,保育生长慢的猪,怀孕母猪的饲养影响初生重和健康状况Sow feeding in gest
44、ation affects birth wt哺乳期及教槽影响断奶重Lactation and creep feed affect weaning wt断奶体重越大，保育生长速度越大Higher weaning wt better nursery performance保育生长越快，全期生长越快越大Better growth in nursery faster growth in grow/finish采食越大，生长越快Higher feed intake faster growth FEED INTAKE IS KEY,保育猪的生长速度-总结Growth performance-Summary
45、,断奶仔猪免疫力Immune System Development,550S,断奶仔猪乳糖酶Enzyme Development,550S,551S,高 档 教 槽 的 价 值The value of premium nursery feed,保育期料,保育期所需饲料比例%of total feed required to reach market weight,6-30公斤保育仔猪,Feed,Equipment,Others,Labor,Medication,Pig,饲料回报 ROF,饲料回报=(增重 x 猪价)(料量 x 料价)ROF=(gain x pig price)(feed kg
46、x price/kg),正大饲料价值比较,550S（代乳宝）的性能与价值体现,26日龄断奶,每头猪阶段利润=（仔猪单价 造肉成本）每头猪阶段增重,正大饲料价值比较,551S（乳猪宝）的性能与价值体现,每头猪阶段利润=（仔猪单价 造肉成本）每头猪阶段增重,正大饲料价值比较,551（仔猪宝）的性能与价值体现,每头猪阶段利润=（肥猪单价 造肉成本）每头猪阶段增重,营 养 学 真 意The Reality of Nutrition,产 出=(遗 传+环 境+营 养)*管 理P=(G+E+N)*M,猪营养体系Swine Nutrition Systems,母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition Sys
47、tem 乳猪营养体系 Baby Pig Nutrition System 育肥猪营养体系 Grow/finish Nutrition System,最佳生长曲线Best Growth Curve-BWt,Fu et al.,2005,最佳生长曲线Best Growth Curve-ADG,采食量最关键.!Feed intake is the key,采食量与采食能力Feed intake for gut fill,采食量最关键.!Feed intake is the key,自由采食Full Feed,自由采食？Full Feeding.?,自由采食？Full Feeding?,自由采食？Fu
48、ll Feeding?,自由采食？Full Feeding?Why is it important.?,满足猪最大生长的能量需要 Daily ME intake required for Max growth,满足猪最大生长的能量需要 Daily ME intake required for Max growth,限饲对能量利用效率的影响Effect of feed restriction on energy efficiency-60 kg pig,限饲对能量利用效率的影响Effect of feed restriction on energy efficiency-60 kg pig,限饲
49、对能量利用效率的影响Effect of feed restriction on energy efficiency-60 kg pig,限饲对能量利用效率的影响Effect of feed restriction on energy efficiency-60 kg pig,-14%,限饲对能量利用效率的影响Effect of feed restriction on energy efficiency-60 kg pig,-14%,-28%,维持的能量需要 ME Maintenance&Restriction,是否应该自由采食？Why full feeding？,7 100 公斤 kg,日粮赖
50、氨酸水平对采食量的影响Effect of dietary lysine intake on ADFI,Trt effect P=0.23,SEM=0.16,赖氨酸、钙、有效磷需要量，克/天Lys,Ca,aP requirement,g/d,饲喂赖氨酸How to feed pigs lysine,阶段饲养法优点 Advantages of phase feeding,根据需要配方，满足各阶段营养需求 Meet nutrient requirement for different stages根据生理特点，选择合适原料 Chose ingredients for phases age of pi
