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1、Toward a brighter future for all,2015.10,1,Background information,American higher educationIn the United States,students can choose to go to the university or move into the society.Ameria is said to have the best higher education in the world.Also the number of American colleges is the biggest.,Cate
2、gories,The beginning of higher educationthe founding of Harvard College in 1636a big enterprise with a complex systemFour categories of institutions:the universitythe four-year undergraduate institutionthe college technical training institution two-year community college,Collegeundergraduate institu
3、tion conferring a Bachelor of Arts(B.A.)or a Bachelor of Sciences(B.S.)degree(大学本科）Universitya group of colleges,each serving a special purpose（综合性大学）junior college-offer the first two years of collegeonly（两年制学院，又称为社区学院）,Tests,SAT:Scholastic Assessment Test 学术评价测验 Scholastic Aptitude Test 学术性向测验ACT:
4、American College TestingGRE:Graduate Record Examination 美国研究生入学考试,After completing four academic years with acceptable grades in an approved course of study,the student earns Bachelor of Arts（文学士学位）or Bachelor of Science（理学士学位）degree.A masters degree can be earned by one or two academic years of stu
5、dy beyond the bachelors degree.A Ph.D.degree usually takes at least three years beyond the masters.,Degrees,College grades,from highest to lowest,run A,B,C,D,F.F is a failing grade.A student does not get credit for having taken a particular course if he receives an F in that course.College students
6、must maintain at least a low C average in order to remain in school.,Admission No annual college entrance examination;applicants are chosen on the basis of the following 4 aspects:,What is Ivy League？,Ivy League就是“美国常春藤联盟”。Ivy的来源是这样的：最初常春藤联盟只包括哈佛、耶鲁、哥伦比亚和普林斯顿4所大学，而4的罗马数字恰好为“IV”，在其后加一个y即成Ivy，意思就是常春藤，
7、因此“常春藤联盟”由此而来。,Harvard University,Harvard College was established in 1636.,It was named for its first benefactor,John Harvard of Charlestown,a young minister who upon his death,left his library and half his estate to the new institution.,Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学(1754)。,7.Princeton Univ.普林斯顿大学(1746
8、)知道爱因斯坦的人一定知道普林斯顿，学校似乎很理论化，30位诺贝尔奖得主，其中物理奖18位，两位美国总统。有人戏称学校在“深山老林”里，似乎暗示地理位置远离经济和工业中心。,8.Yale Univ.耶鲁大学(1701)它的名气是和哈佛并肩的。但学校的理工科不太好，法律专业是极好的，所以是诞生政治家的地方。,美国大学中的新贵：25所“新常春藤”,1.波士顿学院Boston College2.鲍廷学院Bowdoin College3.卡耐基.梅隆大学Carnegie Mellon4.克莱蒙特学院联盟Claremont Colleges:Harvey Mudd and Pomona 5.科比学院 C
9、olby College6.科尔盖特大学Colgate University7.戴维森学院Davidson College,8.埃默瑞大学Emory University9肯阳学院Kenyon College10.麦克莱斯特学院 Macalester College11.密歇根大学University of Michigan12.纽约大学 New York University 13.北卡罗莱纳大学 University of North Carolina 14.圣母大学 University of Notre Dame15.欧林工程学院Olin College of Engineering
10、16.瑞德学院 Reed College 17.伦斯勒理工学院 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,18.莱斯大学 Rice University19.罗彻斯特大学 University of Rochester20.史基德摩尔学院 Skidmore College21.塔夫斯大学Tufts University22.加州大学洛杉矶分校 University of California,Los Angeles23.范德比特大学Vanderbilt University24.弗吉尼亚大学University of Virginia25.华盛顿大学圣露易斯分校Wash
11、ington University in St.Louis.,“常青藤联盟”本身并不是指学术方面的内容，而是关于体育的。“常青藤联盟”最初并不是聚集思想，而是橄榄球队。8所常青藤大学除了在体育项目上有共同点，而且在教育和制度上也有着一些显著的共同特点。它们都是美国资历很老的私立大学，都位于美国东北部，都在很大程度上受助于捐赠，同时它们也是十分昂贵的。,关于美国常青藤联盟这一称呼,常春藤大学的录取,8所常春藤大学入学标准都十分严格，基本上能进常春藤大学的学生都是品学兼优的好学生，而且学校十分善于提前去各所高中挑选优秀的人才。值得注意的是学生的学习成绩并不是常春藤盟校录取的唯一标准，学生的能力和特
12、长会被特别的看重。,2，All the girls dream,Vera wang,was born on June 27 in 1949,at the east side of Manhattan,New York.When she was 19 years old,her famaily moved to Paris.The experiences gained in paris changed her life.王薇薇(Vera Wang)1949年6月27日出生于纽约曼哈顿的上东区的富裕的华裔家庭，19岁时，随父母移居时尚之都巴黎。巴黎的经历，彻底改变了王薇薇的人生轨迹。,was fi
13、gure skating athlete,and participated in the figure skating championships in America,after she failed to enter into the Olympic team,she enter into the fashion industry.王薇薇曾是花样滑冰运动员，并参加过全美花样滑冰锦标赛，在未能进入美国奥运会代表队以后，才改行进入时尚界.,graduated from Sarah Lawrence College,she joined Vogue and at age 23,became th
14、e youngest fashion editor.从巴黎 Sarah Lawrence College 毕业后，她 在Vogue法国版杂志找到了一份工作。两年后，工作勤奋的王薇薇 成了一名Vogue资深时装编辑。,刚宣布结束23年婚姻的美国著名华裔设计师王薇薇63岁与27岁的花样滑冰冠军雷萨切克传出恋情，曾是花样滑冰运动员的王薇薇整整比雷萨切克大36岁！,Text study,pledge英 pled 美 pld n.保证，誓言；法抵押权；公约；（表示友谊的）干杯 vt.&vi.使发誓，保证；典当，抵押 vt.许诺；用担保；以誓言约束；向祝酒 vi.作出庄重有约束力的誓言；祝愿，祝酒,rew
15、arding,英 rw:d 美 rw:rd adj.值得的；有报酬的；有益的；It is a very rewarding exercise to work this out oneself.独自解决这个问题是一次受益匪浅的锻炼。形容词后缀-ing1）主要用于表示事物的性质或特征，或某物或者某事给人的感觉、情感、映像等。welcoming，charming，discouraging，disgusting，alarming，surprising等。A welcoming smilean alarming increase in housing prices,2)加在不及物动词之后，构成形容词，表
16、示某事或某人处于某种状态。a recurring problem 反复出现的问题his aging mother他日渐苍老的母亲,may have done sth,表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测finished常用的结束了的；完成了的没有希望的，完蛋了的 If you ever cross him,forget it,youre finished.如果你曾经跟他作过对，就别想了，你没戏了。,laundry,英 l:ndri 美 lndri,ln-n.洗衣店，洗衣房；洗好的衣服；待洗的衣服；洗熨 Hed put his dirty laundry in the clothes basket.他
17、会把自己的脏衣服扔进洗衣篮里。Ill do your laundry.我来帮你洗衣服。,faculty,英 fklti 美 fklti n.能力，才能；全体教职员；（大学的）专科，系；特权，特许 He was drunk and not in control of his faculties.他喝醉了，浑身都不听使唤了。表示能力的单词有哪些？,ability,capacity,capability,genius,talent,competence,faculty,gift,aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。ability：普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。capac
18、ity：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。capability：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。genius：语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。talent：着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。competence：正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty：指特殊的才能或智力。gift：着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。aptitude：多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强
19、，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。,get by,通过；设法；勉强应付；过得去：尚可1.Melville managed to get by on a small amount of money.梅尔维尔仅靠一点点钱勉强度日。2.Im a survivor.Ill get by.我挺过来了，我能应付下去。3.No one is able to get by without oxygen.没有氧气人不能维持生命.4.Excuse me,I cant get by.抱歉,请让我过去.,reap the benefits,获利；获得好处 1.Youll soon begin to reap the
20、 benefits of being fitter.你很快就会体会到身体更健康带来的好处。2.Work hard and you will reap the benefits of your effort.努力学习,你的努力将会带来收获.,overwhelmed,v.淹没(overwhelm的过去式和过去分词)；压倒；覆盖；压垮 Sightseers may be a little overwhelmed by the crowds and noise.拥挤的人群和喧闹的噪音可能会让游客有些茫然不知所措。Her burst of enthusiasm and her brightness ov
21、erwhelmed me.她勃发的热情和阳光的性格征服了我。He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past.他一心渴望回到从前。,stand a chance of doing sth,有做成某事的希望I dont think they stand a chance of winning.我看他们没有打赢的希望。You dont stand a chance of getting the job!你没有机会得到那份工作！,virtually,英 v:tuli 美 v:rtuli adv.实际上，实质上，事实上，几乎；无形中；无形 This show
22、,too,was virtually sold out before it opened.这场演出的门票也是几乎在开演前就销售一空了。In less than two hours Cohen capitulated to virtually every demand.还不到两个小时，科恩就屈服了，接受了几乎一切要求。,yield,英 ji:ld 美 jild vt.屈服，投降；生产；获利；不再反对 vi.放弃，屈服；生利；退让，退位 n.产量，产额；投资的收益；屈服，击穿；产品 Will she yield to growing pressure for her to retire?面对要求其隐退的压力越来越大，她会屈服吗？He may yield control.他可能会放弃控制权。,同义词,adj.1.“繁荣的;好运的”释义下的同义词well-off successful wealthy triumphant affluent flourishing rich,
