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1、2023/1/212007/1/13,Logistics English,Logistics English,School of Management,Tianjin UniversityL,School of Management,Homework-explaning,Minimax=public departments,Minsum,Minmax,School of Management,Test yourself,Goods yardStereoscopic warehouseGoods shed,Handing/carryingPalletizingsortingGoods colle
2、ctionStorage/Retrieval,Fork(lift)truckconveyorAutomatic guided vehicleBox carPallet JacksContainer Shelves/Bins/Drawers)Swingmast,Goods shelfPallet RackStackingGoods stack,School of Management,Lecture Three,Part 1:What is Warehouse Management?Part 2:what is Inventory Management?,School of Management
3、,Contents:Warehouse-Inventory,The definition and differenceThe goals(management levels)The professional words in warehouseWhat does we study in warehouse management?Example:cross docking in warehouseThe professional words in InventoryWhat does we study in inventory management?The methods of Inventor
4、y management,School of Management,The Definitions and Difference,Warehouse:the facility designed for temporary storage;Inventory:the materials/goods in the warehouse;Warehouse management:the related shipping,sorting,picking and inbound,outbound processes are managed to realize the efficiency.Invento
5、ry management:all functions relate to the stock decisions,that is,monitor the quantity,location and status of inventory to realize the rapid inventory turnover.See the text.,School of Management,The goals(management levels),location,Inventory Management,Warehouse scheduling,School of Management,Prof
6、essional Vocabularies and Expressions,StackingGoods stackHanding/carryingLoading and unloadingUnit loading and unloading Package/packaging Palletizing,School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,sortingGoods collectionAutomatic warehouseStereoscopic warehouseReceiving space/Shippi
7、ng space Goods yard,School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,Goods shelfpalletFork(lift)truckconveyorAutomatic guided vehicleBox carGoods shed,School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,月台(Dock)板台起重机(Pallet Jacks)道(Lane)/深度(Depth)货架(rack);托盘货架(Pallet Rack)集装
8、箱/容器(Container)架子/箱子/抽屉(Shelves/Bins/Drawers)条形码(Barcode)转柱式堆高机(Swingmast)存贮和拣取(Storage/Retrieval),School of Management,Examples:Cross docking,What is crossdocking?Cross docking is a warehouse management concept in which items delivered to a warehouse by inbound trucks are immediately sorted out,reo
9、rganized based on customer demands,routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery to customers without the items being actually held in inventory at the warehouse.If any item is held in storage,it is usually for a brief period of time that is generally less than 24/48 hours.,School of Managemen
10、t,The highest level in warehouse management:stock on wheelsdifficulties:(1)coordination;(2)The types of goods.,Part 1 Crossdocking,School of Management,Part 3 Crossdocking,www.D,“Cross Docking”翻译为“直接换装”，定义为：“物品在物流环节中，不经过中间仓库或者站点，直接从一个交通工具换载到另一个运输工具的物流衔接方式;接驳式转运（Cross Docking）/交叉配送;将商品由工厂通过配销系统，配送至用户
11、而不将商品储存入库的一种方法是cross docking。,School of Management,JIT and Crossdocking,The“just-in-time”(JIT)inventory management(or kanban)principle requires that there is just enough inventory that arrives to replace what has been used.The implementation of crossdock operations repositions the focus from warehou
12、sing inventory to one of managing inventory through-flow in transit from suppliers to customers.,School of Management,Push planning/production,wip,Operation A,wip,Operation B,wip,Operation C,wip,Aplanning,Bplanning,Cplanning,scheduling,School of Management,Pull production,School of Management,JIT an
13、d Crossdocking,Crossdocks are transformed from inventory repositories to points of delivery,consolidation and pickup.Advantages of crossdocking:accrue from the reduction of warehousing costs,inventory-holding costs,service cycle times and transportation costs.,School of Management,Crossdocking prope
14、rties,crossdocking as the“JIT in the distribution arena”;(1)rapidly:The use of“crossdocking”has become synonymous with rapid consolidation and processing;(2)Complex:crossdocks are complex,requiring a high degree of coordination between suppliers,customers and distributors to create shipments based o
15、n anticipated supplies and demands;(3)Timing performance:In all crossdocking situations,the timing of delivery and pickup is crucial to effective operations.,School of Management,Crossdocking in supply chain,There are three methods of crossdocking(1)Manufacturing croossdocking:“current”(finished goo
16、ds move right off production line to a waiting truck)or“future”(items produced are staged for later shipment)are the categories.,School of Management,Crossdocking in supply chain,(2)Distribution center crossdocking:distinguish between“current/active”,“current/same day”,and“future”.In the first,items
17、 are loaded immediately on a vehicle;current/same day products are staged on a conveyor for release later that day.Future crossdocking involves the holding of items until they become current/same day.,School of Management,Crossdocking in supply chain,(3)Terminal crossdocking:products from various DC
18、s are sent to a break-bulk terminal for shipment of mixed loads to customers.Gue 2001 refers to a similar method as Retailer crossdocking:Items from different origins are sorted and dispatched to particular stores.,School of Management,US Postal Service Applications,Ex:A network of crossdocks for th
19、e US Postal Service where 148area Distribution Centers;(1)Serve as crossdocks,each receiving,sorting,packing and dispatching mail according to operating schedules.(2)Mail not processed on time must be shipped by air,incurring additional costs and“critical-entry”times,when mail must arrive at the des
20、tination center,must be coordinated with transportation schedules to avoid overshooting specified cut off times.(3)Each distribution center serves as an origin as well as destination node where schedules were driven by mail delivery standards.,School of Management,WalMart Applications,Ex:The well-kn
21、own success of WalMart in crossdocking;(1)It requires coordinating 2000 dedicated trucks over a large network of warehouses,and retail points;(2)Maytag,a large distributor of household appliances maintains 41 crossdock facilities where“no inventory is held”.,School of Management,Summary,What is Ware
22、house?What is Warehouse Management?What does we study in warehouse management?,School of Management,Inventory Definiton,Review?What do we study in inventory management?(1)How many items do we have in inventory?(2)When do we give an order to the suppliers?(3)How much does the ordering Quantity?,我们应该在
23、存货中包含那些产品？,School of Management,Inventory Contents,(1)The classical inventory management also called Independent requirement model(the beginning of 20 century to 1960s)(2)The Modern inventory management also called Dependent requirement model(1960s to now),School of Management,The classical inventor
24、y management,Suppose:The requirement of an item is independent on that of others;The total need can be added by that of each items;We can forecast the trend of the requirement of an item based on the history data;The inventory control can be obtained by the models with the aid of the need predicting
25、,cost,and other variables,etc.,School of Management,The Modern inventory management,Each item with the others has some relationship;Just considering the need forecasting of some item is not enough;Generally,the need of some item must be connected with the production planning.,School of Management,Su
26、mmay,methods,Mrp,EOQ,Jit,SOQ,Erp,Drp,See the text P34,School of Management,EOQ principal,reorder point,safety inventory,Lead time,lead time,The reorder point=need in unit period*lead time+safety inventory,See the text P32,School of Management,Periodic Inventory systems,Periodic inventory is a system
27、 of inventory in which updates are made on a periodic basis.,School of Management,Perpetual Inventory systems,Perpetual inventory systems:/continuous inventory describes systems of inventory where information on inventory quantity and availability is updated on a continuous basis as a function of do
28、ing business.Generally,this is accomplished by connecting the inventory system with order entry and in retail the point of sale system.In this case,would be exactly the same as,or almost the same,as the real inventory.,School of Management,Perpetual Inventory systems,Starting in the 1970s digital co
29、mputers made possible the ability to implement a perpetual inventory system.Bar coding and radio frequency identification(RFID)labeling are necessary.,School of Management,The difference,Under the periodic inventory system a stocktake is essential in order to make accurate calculations of gross prof
30、it;But a stocktake merely provides a check on the continues records maintained by a firm.,School of Management,One gas retailer;Four times to buy gasFour prices to buy gas and store them in same oilcan，How much does the total gas cost?,Problems Inventory Costing Methods,School of Management,Inventor
31、y Costing Methods,Specific identification Methods P57(not considering the market)FIFO method P36(the influence of market)LIFO method P36(avoiding the taxes)The weighted average method P36(best methods),School of Management,Examples,The total cost of procurement=(110*22)+(60*26)+(70*30)+(50*28)+(80*2
32、4)+(40*32)=10680(Euro)Sale-earning=35*354=12390（Euro),supposing the unit price=35;gross profit=earning-cost of inventory which be for sale=-(cost in procurement-cost in rest inventory)Unit profit=profit/quantity to be for sale in inventory,School of Management,Examples,The first method:(7*22)+(6*26)
33、+(8*30)+(11*28)+(17*24)+(7*32)=1490(Euro)Profit=12390-(10680-1490)=3200(Euro)Unit profit=3200/354=9.04(Euro/unit),School of Management,Examples:,FIFO method:Suppose the rest 56 units are purchased finally.(40*32)+(16*24)=1664(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1664)=3374(Euro)Unit profit=3374/354=9.53(Euro/un
34、it),LIFO method:Suppose the rest 56 units are purchased firstly 56*22=1232(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1232)=2942(Euro)Unit profit=2942/354=8.31(Euro/unit),School of Management,Example,The weighted average method:The value of unit inventory=The total procurement cost/the total quantity=(110*22)+(60*26)
35、+(70*30)+(50*28)+(80*24)+(40*32)/(110+60+70+50+80+40)=10680/410=1459(Euro)profit=12390-(10680-1459)=3169(Euro)Unit profit=3169/354=8.95(Euro/unit),School of Management,Analysis,The real value of inventory=1490The result of FIFO is higher than the first one,that is higher than 12%;The result of LIFO
36、is lower than the first one,that is lower than 17%;The result of the last one is nearly equal to the first one,that is 2%difference.,School of Management,The kinds of cost,(1)Material cost(2)Reordering cost(3)Holding cost(4)Missing cost,School of Management,The kinds of cost,School of Management,Inv
37、entory turnover,turnover=Quantity of Product units in some period/average storage quantity；example：（1）汽车装配厂和炼油厂的平均存货数量通常保持在一周的供给，则他们的存货周转次数通常在一年50次左右；（2）零售商店的存货周转次数一般在20次左右。,School of Management,Inventory,seasonal fluctuations 季节波动crude measure 粗略计算coupon 配给票preceding 前面的，先前的FIFO 先进先出Holding cost 库存
38、保持成本 Gross Margin Return on Inventory or GMROI库存总利润回报,School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,inbound trucksOutbound trucksthe turnaround times for customer orders(卸货加油检修及再装货所需时间)Receiving,sorting,storing,retrieving and shippingdelivery and pickupThroughput(吞吐量）,School of Mana
39、gement,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,Product damagesProduct obsolescenceLane/the path in one way/directionTrailerImplication/meaningLever/杠杆,途经,工具,手段,School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,Consolidation/the places that pickup items togetherConsolidation warehouse
40、拼货仓库Literature/papersOverlookPaybackWhereby 靠什么?靠那个Less than truck-load(LTL)Truck-load(TL),School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and Expressions,ReshipmentTactical/Skeleton/structureStage for/plan forTerminal Break-bulk terminal Dispatch 分发,School of Management,Professional Vocabularies and
41、 Expressions,Constant demandForecastThird-party logistics provider（3PL）Lease/出租Pack/PackageHassle 混乱，激战,School of Management,Part2 Inventory Managemnet,See the text.,School of Management,Preview-test yourself,QR VMIUPC SCOREDI SPLPPOS UFLECR WIPCRP SLPDRP LTL/TL,School of Management,Review-Lecture 4
42、,What is the perpetual inventory method?The continuous records are kept of the purchase and sale of all inventory items.A stocktake serves the main purpose of a check on the accuracy of the accounting records.,School of Management,Review-Lecture 4,What is the periodic inventory method?Suppose that a
43、ll goods purchased will in fact be sold and then they are classified as an expense,at the end of each accounting period a stocktake must be held in order to correct the records and to determine how much inventory remains so that the cost of the inventory that was sold during the period can be determ
44、ined.,School of Management,Review-Lecture 4,What is Lead time in inventory?The time between placing an order and receiving an order is called the lead time;What is the reorder point?The annual demand divided by working days multiplied by the lead time.,School of Management,Review-Lecture 4,What is i
45、nventory turnover?A ratio of the cost of sales for a period and the average inventory for that period.,School of Management,Homework?,Find all the words and relative words we just learned in the following figure.Write one paragraph to describe the layout in this distribution center using these words.,
