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1、,议论文写作指导 对比分析 正反观点,正反观点对比对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题两种不同观点对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面的已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：,正反观点对比常用句型(1)We have a(heated)discussion about 我们对进行了一次讨论。Weve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee sho
2、uld be charged for parks.(2)We have had a survey on 我们对开展了一次调查。Weve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.(3)Opinions are divided on the question.在这个问题上意见有分歧。(4)Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.有两种不同意见。,(5)Others have different opinions.其他人有不
3、同看法。(6)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea,while forty percent of the students think otherwise.有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。(7)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to,but forty percent of the students dont think so.60%的学生认为是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。(8)On the one hand,On the other ha
4、nd,一方面，另一方面,在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：(1)Whats more,还有就是Whats more,we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study,as well as improve our English.(2)Besides,除此之外Some students cannot discipline themselves.Besides,its far too expensive to study abroad,which is a
5、load to the family.当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First,Second,Third,来列举论据。,80%students support it.The programme is creative and unique.In addition,it provides a stage for young people to show their talents,and helps young people gain more confidence than ever.On the contrary,20%students think that the programme mis
6、leads the youth to some degree.Whats worse,they will feel success doesnt come from hard work.After all,being yourself isnt the same as being different from others in behaviours or appearance.In my opinion,I am for this programme.As long as our study is not disturbed,we can watch it.,最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组
7、织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。注意：1、信的开头已为你写好。2、词数：100左右。3、参考词汇：门票：entrance feeDear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.,2002年考题范文,Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had
8、about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks(提出问题).Opinions are divided on the question.60of the students are against the idea of entrance fee.They believe a public park should be free of charge.People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.Changing entrance fees will no
9、doubt keep some people away.What is more,it will become necessary to build gates and walls,which will do harm to the appearance of a city.,过渡句,观点一,论据一,论据二,On the other hand,40 think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers,and to buy plants and young tree
10、s.They suggest,however,fees should be charged low.Yours truly Li Hua 可以看出，这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系列论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观点，可接下来说明自己的观点。,观点二,论据一,论据二,对比类写作 实战模版,议论文的框架-对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1有一些人认为。2另一些人认为。3我的看法。The topic of-（主题）is becoming more and more popul
11、ar recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of-（支持A的理由一）What is more,-(理由二).Moreover,-(理由三).,While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),-（理由二）.Thirdl
12、y(finally),-(理由三).From my point of view,I think-（我的观点）.The reason is that-(原因).As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me,the former is surely a wise choice.,（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that-（观点一）.For example,they think-（举例说明）And it will bring them-(为他们带
13、来的好处).In my opinion,I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,-(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing,-(反对的理由之二)Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that-(我对文章所讨论主题的看法),(3)不同观点列举型（选择型）Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文题 目.Butitis wellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishot
14、topicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一_.Intheir viewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,_原因一_.Furthermore,inthe secondplace,_原因二_.Soitgoes withoutsaying that_观点一_.,People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeople holdtheideathat_观二_.I
15、ntheirpointofview,ontheonehand，_原因一_.Ontheotherhand,_原因二_.Therefore,there isno doubt that _观点二_.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat_观点一或二_.It isnotonlybecause_,butalsobecause_.Themore_,themore_.,Practice in class,面对繁重的初中学习任务，高初中生对参加学校活动有着不同的看法，请以Taking Part in School Activities为题，用英文写一篇120
16、词左右的短文，着重介绍两种不同的观点和态度，最后谈谈你个人的看法。很多学生持拥护态度，认为既可以学到实践知识，又可以得到放松；不少学生漠不关心，认为学生就应该学习，学校活动与学习无关，同时嘲讽积极参加学校活动的学生。标题和开头已给，不计入总词数。词数；120词左右。Taking Part in School Activities As for school activities,students mainly hold twoviews,Main errors,1.时态：现在的时态2.There are many students support it.There are many stude
17、nts who support it.There are many students supporting it3.要有清晰的、完整的句子的痕迹Those in favor ofthink it is good for us.Because it can help us get relaxed.,Main errors,Those in favor ofthink it is good forus,because it can help us get relaxed.,Those in favor ofthink it is good forus.It is because it can he
18、lp us get relaxed.,清晰的句子的痕迹It can help us make many friends,theywill give us many proposer.,It can help us make many friends.Theywill give us many proposer.,It can help us make many friends,andthey will give us many proposer.,Main errors,Taking Part in School Activities As for school activities,stud
19、ents mainly holdtwo views.Many students are very enthusiastic aboutschool activities because they think that learningfrom textbooks is not their only task and theyshould take any chance to get some practicalknowledge.Besides,after long hours study,theycan relax themselves by participating in schoola
20、ctivities.,However,a large group of students take littleinterest in them and spend most of their time onstudy.They believe that they should make fulluse of time to study and that school activitieshave little to do with their further development.Thus sometimes they even laugh at those whotake an acti
21、ve part in school activities.As far as I am concerned,I prefer the firstview.On the one hand,we can learn a great deal from other students we meet in activities.Furthermore,modern society requires manyqualities of young students,so“book worms”cant keep up with the times.,requires sth.of sb.要求某人某事,Ta
22、king Part in School Activities As for school activities,students mainly hold two views.Some students are inclined to approve of it.They believe that by taking part in school activities,students can not only learn some practical knowledge,but also relax themselves.However,others pay little attention
23、to it.Obviously,they think study is students only task.What this means is that school activities have nothing to do with study.Besides,they sneer at those who take part in it actively.,As for as I am concerned,the former opinion holds more weight.On top of the above-mentioned positive effects it mig
24、ht bring about,the school activities also enrich our school life and help us to understand each other better.So,we cannot emphasize the importance of taking part in school activities enough.,如何把句子写得丰富些？,很多学生持拥护态度，认为既可以学到实践知识，又可以得到放松。,Some students are inclined to approve of it.They believe that by t
25、aking part in school activities,students can not only learn some practical knowledge,but also relax themselves.,Many students are very enthusiastic aboutschool activities because they think that learningfrom textbooks is not their only task and theyshould take any chance to get some practicalknowled
26、ge.Besides,after long hours study,theycan relax themselves by participating in schoolactivities.,Homework,根据教育部通知，从2007年9月1日起，中小学生每天要跳校园集体舞。通知发出后，在社会上引起了热烈的讨论。假如你是李华，请根据下表提供的内容给“China Daily”编辑写一封信反映讨论情况，并提出自己的看法和理由。注意：(1)词数100-120；(2)开头已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：集体舞 group dancing 社交能力sociability,Dear editor,Th
27、e Department of Education announced,能锻炼身体，丰富校园生活be good for health and can enrich our school life培养社交能力improve their sociability.不能达到锻炼身体的目的cant help students to keep fit,Dear Editor,The Department of Educationannounced in June,2007 that from Sept.1,2007 primary and secondary school students will ha
28、ve dance class,which hasled to a heated debate.Some people think group dancing is good for health and can enrich our school life.Ithelps students understand each other better.Also it can help students improve theirsociability.It is a healthy means of communication.,But other people hold the opposite
29、 view.They feel that in the countryside,the teachers dont have enough experience in teaching dancing and also there isnt enough room for students to learn dancing.Last but not least,group dancing is justa form or a performance,which cant helpstudents to keep fit.As to me,group dancing may lead to an
30、increase of boys and girls falling in love(with each other)once they have more chances for physical interaction.Yours,Li Hua,Homework,假设你是林明。你班最近就“大学生是否应该经济独立”的话题展开了讨论，大家发表了不同看法。请你根据以下所给内容，写一封信给21世纪英语报高中生版反映讨论情况。讨论情况如下：135的同学认为：通过打工可以获得工作经验，了解社会；同时还可以体会到父母挣钱的不易，避免乱花钱的不良习气。250的同学认为：通过打工来付学费会影响自己的学习，自
31、己可以通过好好学习来报答爹娘，回报社会。315的同学(包括你在内)觉得双方的观点都有一定道理，但又不完全赞同，请简述你自己的看法。注意：1文章开头已经给出，不计入总分；2词数120个(不包括起始句)；3参考词汇：学费tuition fee 报答repay 经济独立financially independent Dear editor，I am writing to tell you about a recent discussion we had on whether or notuniversity students should be,Homework,Dear editor,I am w
32、riting to tell you about a recentdiscussion we have had on whether or notuniversity students should be financially independent.35%of my classmates think thatuniversity students doing part-time jobs will help one to gain working experienceand learn more of society.Besides,whenstudents find it hard fo
33、r their parents toearn money,they wont form the habit of,Homework,wasting their money.50%of the students hold the view that university students neednt be financiallyindependent,because trying to make moneyin their spare time will affect their studies.They also think that they can repay their parents
34、 and society by studying harder.15%of my fellow students,myself included,partly agree with them.,Homework,We think that as grown-ups,we shouldntdepend on our parents any more.Personally,I thought if our parents can afford to pay thetuition fee for us,we should devote ourselvesto our studies and try to do better.Thank you for reading my letter.Yours,Lin Ming,
