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1、新prep1170. Margaret Mead, the best-known anthropologist of the twentieth century, helped shape public opinion in such fundamentally important areas as attitudes toward children and families and the relative merits of competition and cooperation.171. One of the primary distinctions between our intell
2、igence and that of other primates may lie not so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.172. Introduced by Italian merchants resident in London during the sixteenth century, life insurance in England remained until the end of
3、the seventeenth century a specialized contract between individual underwriters and their clients, typically ship owners, overseas merchants, or professional moneylenders.173. The widely accepted big-bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has
4、been expanding ever since.174. Often major economic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the financial markets.175. Experts estimate that ten times as much petroleum exists in such sources as tar sands, heavy oil, and perhaps even shale as conventio
5、nal reservoirs.176. For at least two decades before the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo died in 1770, he had been the most admired painter in Italy.177. In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees exhibit the kind of curiosity by which
6、new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice.178. Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rare Kemps ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder device
7、s on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.179. Unlike the independent candidacies of George Wallace in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, H. Ross Perots independent run for the presidency in 1992 arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a major party nomination but from a desire to establis
8、h a viable third party in American politics.180. Noting that the Federal Reserve had raised a key short-term interest rate again last month, analysts said that they expected orders for durable goods to decline soon because rising interest rates make buying on credit more expensive.181. The number of
9、 people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year. 182. The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaignusing Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailingsthat has convinced the Department of Agriculture to change
10、the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.183. Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to be more conservative than they have been in
11、 setting dividends.184. Japans abundant rainfall and the typically mild temperatures throughout most of the country have produced a lush vegetation cover and, despite the mountainous terrain and generally poor soils, have made it possible to raise a variety of crops.185. Because the budget package i
12、n Congress promises a combination of higher taxes and reduced spending that may slow economic growth, many in the credit markets wonder whether the Federal Reserve will compensate and help the economy by keeping interest rates low, or perhaps even by pushing them lower.186. Laos has a land area comp
13、arable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.187. United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democratic party during his firs
14、t term, including assistant majority whip and vice-chair of the Democratic Senatorial Committee.188. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human bra
15、in grows and how babies acquire language.189. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the
16、 United States.190. The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.191. The loan company announced it would soon lend money to bo
17、rrowers with proven records of not paying back their loans on time, a group, collectively known as the subprime lending market.192. In 1988, the Council on Economic Priorities began publishing Shopping for a Better World, whose thesis was simple: consumers have the power to change companies by the s
18、imple expedient of refusing to buy.193. New equipment and other improvements reduced the amount of timefrom eleven hours in 1982 to six in 1988workers needed to produce a ton of steel.194. Whereas the honeybees stinger is heavily barbed and cannot be retracted from the skin, the yellow jackets sting
19、er is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used again.195. (GWD-7-Q13) Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the bird itself is vanishing in the northeastern
20、 United States as a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices.196. (T-9-Q26) There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary a
21、ir drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar.197. (GWD-8-Q20) The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforeste
22、d whole regions.198. (GWD-1-Q23) Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally deforested areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear-cut and burned all the trees, but such work has not addressed either logging, which removes only selected trees, or surface fires
23、 that burn down individual trees but do not denude the forest.199. (GWD5-Q4) The Quechuans believed that all things participated in both the material level and the mystical level of reality, and many individual Quechuans claimed to have direct contact with the latter by means of an ichana (dream) ex
24、perience.200. (T-3-Q14) A scrub jay can remember when it cached a particular piece of food in a particular place, researchers have discovered, and tends not to bother recovering a perishable treat stored long enough to have rotted.201. (GWD30-Q4) The three women, liberal activists who strongly suppo
25、rt legislation in favor of civil rights and environmental protection, have consistently received the unqualified support of labor.202. (GWD-27-Q7) Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that th
26、e total amount of pollutant emitted annually by vehicles at OHare International Airport is twice that emitted annually by all motor vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area.203. (T-4-Q29) In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for clean
27、ing and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.204. (T-9-Q16) The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essa
28、y on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.205. (T-9-Q15) The commissions office of compliance, inspections, and investigations plans to intensify its scrutiny of stock analysts to investigate not only whether
29、research is an independent function at brokerage firms, but also whether conflicts result when analysts own the stocks they write about or when they are paid for their work by a firms investment banking division.206. (GWD-21-Q29) While studying the genetic makeup of corn, Barbara McClintock discover
30、ed a new class of mutant genes, a discovery that led to greater understanding of cell differentiation.207. (T-4-Q30) Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station wi
31、ll have to generate its own electricity.208. (GWD-11-40) Scientists who studied the famous gold field known as Serra Pelada concluded that the rich lode was produced not by the accepted methods of ore formation but by swarms of microbes that over millions of years concentrated the gold from jungle s
32、oils and rivers and rocks.209. (T-3-Q7) In Scotland, the wild salmons numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fishs habitat.210. (GWD-1-Q2) By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase to 10 perce
33、nt from 6 percent its share of the countrys $21 billion book market, which ranges from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.211. (GWD-8-Q39) Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.212. (GWD-
34、10-Q1) According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American Medical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing in socioeconomically deprived areas.213. (GWD-3-Q34) Shoppers in sporting goods stores, u
35、nlike those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well.214. (T-9-Q31) Scholars who once thought Native American literatures were solely oral narratives recorded by m
36、issionaries or anthropologists now understand this body of work to consist of both oral literatures and the written works of Native American authors, who have been publishing since 1772.215. (GWD-3-Q3) A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a
37、 decline in the shark population, including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.216. (T-3-Q39. 天山-7-39) Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in th
38、e form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars.217. (T-3-Q17. 天山-7-14) Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.218.
39、(GWD7-Q4) Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the moviesfewer than have been killed by bee stings.219. (GWD-12-Q20) Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the ne
40、w federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.220. (GWD-24-8) The results of the companys cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the last two years. 221. (GWD-12-Q3
41、4) In an attempt to guarantee the security of its innovative water purification method, the company required each employee to sign a confidentiality agreement prohibiting disclosure of its water purification methods to any company using an analogous purification process.222. (GWD-1-Q34) Although peo
42、ple in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, the death rates from heart disease are far lower in France.223. (GWD-23-Q23) After several years of rapid growth, the health care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, but then
43、 proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying doctors and hospitals.224. (GWD-12-Q13) Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicates that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or
44、made fuel efficiency a priority when shopping for cars.225. (GWD-1-Q24) By sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to drop prematurely.226. (GWD-3-Q1) The four-million-year-old
45、fossilized skeleton known as Lucy is so small compared with many other skeletons presumed to be of the same species that some paleontologists have argued that Lucy represents a different lineage.227. (GWD-3-Q41) In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans creative energy was expended on the crea
46、tion of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.228. (GWD-8-Q2) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith and Duke Ellington, yet in many ways he stoo
47、d apart from the mainstream jazz repertory.229. (T-9-Q34) Just as an archaeologist needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, so a nautical archaeologist needs specialized knowledge of the history and theory of ship design in order to understand shipwrecks.230. (T-4-Q4) A no
48、velist who turned away from literary realism to write romantic stories about the peasant life and landscape of northern Sweden, Selma Lagerlf became in 1909 the first woman and also the first Swedish writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.231. (T-9-Q38) The globalization of financial-services
49、companies has been a boon to money launderers, because it allows money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred to a branch in a more regulated one.232. (TTGWD4-Q1)The Acoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back at least a thousand years.233. (GWD
