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1、Job Safety/Hazard Analysis,Gary PeacockIndustrial Safety Consultant513-583-7081,Ohio BWC,Introduce Job Hazard Analysis.Introduce Some Basic Skills in the Recognition&Control of Occupational Hazards.Introduce Job Hazard Analysis Techniques.,COURSE OBJECTIVES,Job Safety Analysis,What is it?Process of
2、studying and recording each step of a job,identifying existing or potential hazards,and determining the best way to perform the job to reduce or eliminate the hazards.,JSA,JSA is used to determine:Physical,procedural,and/or environmental based hazards that do or could existActions of personnel which
3、 could result in accidents or injuriesMeasures to be implemented which will eliminate or control hazards so the job can be performed safely,Elements of JSA,Four basic steps:Selecting jobs for analysisBreaking each selected job into stepsIdentify the hazards associated with each stepEliminate or corr
4、ect the hazards,JSA Benefits,Prevention/reduction of hazards in the performance of your jobPrevention/reduction of occurrences of accidentsImprovements in job performance Coordinates with PPE selection,Ergonomic assessments,complying with ADAStandardizes work procedures,More Benefits,Employee traini
5、ng Identify jobs for return to work program Employee orientation Job reviews Document corrections and improvements Safety Audits Accident Investigations,OSHA Requirements,General Duty Clause 5(a)(1)Many OSHA Standards require hazard analysis:EAPHazcomPPELOTO,When Should JSA Be Created,JSA should be
6、performed when:Job does not currently have JSANew job is createdWhen accident or near miss occursWhen employee has concern,Members of JSA Team,No single method Typical members:Safety manager Safety team membersEmployeesSupervisorsHuman ResourcesEngineering,Employee Involvement,Reasons for involving
7、employees:FamiliarityIdentify hazards not observableAvoids alienationGains“buy-in”for necessary changes,Employee Involvement,Discuss process with employees performing the job and explain purposeInvolve employee in all phases after job selectionHigher success ratesMore effective JSA results,Resistanc
8、e,Departmental managers may not fully cooperate because:Process seen as a disruption to their work areaEmployee involvement detrimental to productivityOvercome by communicating benefits of JSA and involving management members in the process,Approaches to JSA,Observation Method Discussion Method,Obse
9、rvation Method,Directly observe the job task,to evaluate each step and understand the hazards involved.Ask questions of the operators and draw upon their knowledge of established procedures,problems,and difficult areasPreferred Method,Discussion Method,Requires getting people together who have knowl
10、edge of the job and discuss a particular job task.Job analysis is not done at the site of the job.Some points could be missed.Secondary Method,JSA Video,What is a Job?,What is a Job?,A JOB is a description of a function in the companySupervisor;Assembler;Material HandlerEach job is made up of TASKS.
11、,Examples of Tasks,TASK sequence of steps or activities that together accomplish a goal.Hanging a doorUnloading drums from truck with forkliftFilling cans on an assembly lineMachining parts in a mill,Step 1:Selecting Jobs for JSA,High risk jobs firstIndicators used to select jobs:FrequencySeverityPo
12、tential Severity,Materials to Aid in Job Selection,Accident reportsOSHA logsWorkers Compensation claims,Step 2:Job Task Breakdown,List each step of the job in order of occurrence as you watch the employee perform the job.Dont break the job down into steps so small as to be meaningless or too broad t
13、hat something is missed.,Tools and equipment,Video cameraDigital CameraTape recorderNotebookEmployee InterviewSupervisor Interview,Planting A Tree(example 1),Dig hole.Insert tree.Backfill planting.Whats wrong with this?,Planting A Tree(example 2),Pick up shovelPosition shovelPut foot on shovelPush s
14、hovel with foot.Etc.Whats wrong with this?,Planting A Tree(example 3),Bring toolsDig holePrepare holePosition tree in holeBackfill,tamp,and waterBrace treeReturn tools,Rule of Thumb,Most jobs will separate into 10-15 basic steps,although some will have fewer and some may have more.,Employee Intervie
15、ws,Conduct interview near work areaExplain only looking for factsAsk open ended questionsAsk employee to write down job stepsThank person for helping,Information Review,Using information gathered,including employee interview,review and revise job steps as necessary to accurately reflect current perf
16、ormance of job.,Step 3:Identifying Hazards,Recorded steps must be examined to determine hazards that exist or might occur.Identification of hazards should include the hazards associated with:machines,tools,supplies,job procedures,and the surroundings,Hazard Types,Contact by or against objects.Caught
17、 in or between objects Falls same level.Falls elevation.Overexertion.Environmental exposure,Additional Training,Do JSA Team Members need additional training in hazard recognition?Know difference between physical and health hazards?Understand basic electrical principles?Understand hazards of extreme
18、hot or cold environments?,Step 4:Controls,After hazards or potential hazards have been listed and reviewed,the next step is eliminate the hazards,or reduce the hazards.,Controls,SubstitutionJob RedesignEngineering RevisionsProcedural RevisionsPersonal Protective EquipmentTrainingAdministration Contr
19、ols,Hierarchy of Hazard Correction,Use Engineering controls where feasible and appropriateUse Administrative controls,such as reducing the duration of exposure.,Hierarchy of Hazard Correction,Use Procedures for safe work which are understood and followed by all parties,as a result of training,positi
20、ve reinforcement,correction of unsafe performance,and enforcement through a clearly communicated disciplinary system Use Personal Protective Equipment,Reviewing/Revising JSAs,JSA are only effective if they are reviewed and updated periodically.Trigger points:When accidents occurWhen the job process
21、changesAfter near missesEmployee complaintEquipment suffers damagePeriodic Reviews,Conclusion,The process of JSA can be applied to any job in any workplace,to improve work procedures and make jobs safer and easier to perform.The goal of this process is to educate everyone by getting them involved in
22、 identifying hazards and developing controls to keep everyone safe.,GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS,REVIEW JOB SPECIFIC HAZARDSCONDUCT HAZARD ASSESSMENTSINSTITUTE SAFE WORK PRACTICESENSURE PPE IS NOT DAMAGED OR DEFECTIVECERTIFY THAT ASSESSMENTS HAVE BEEN DONEPROVIDE TRAINING TO ALL REQUIRED EMPLOYEESIN
23、STALL ENGINEERING CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLEINSTITUTE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLEASSESS AND ISSUE PPE TO CONTROL HAZARDS AS A LAST RESORT,ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:,TRAINING REQUIREMENTS,THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:THE USE OF EQUIPMENT.WHEN PPE IS NECESSARY.WHAT PPE IS NECESSARY.THE LIMITATI
24、ONS OF THE PPE.PROVIDE RETRAINING AS REQUIRED.CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT.TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES PRIOR TO JOB ASSIGNMENT.,JOBHAZARDSAFETY,REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:CLOSE-CALL EVENT PROGRAM RELATED INJURY CHANGE IN JOB ASSIGNMENT NEW HAZARD OR EQUIPMENT NEW HAZARD CONTROL METHODS FAILURE IN THE SAF
25、ETY PROCEDURES REASON TO DOUBT EMPLOYEE PROFICIENCY,RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS,JOBHAZARDSAFETY,IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY,RECOGNITIONJobs having a high degree of risk.Jobs having a high rotation of employees.Jobs having a high“close-call”incidence.Jobs having had recent operational changes.A determination
26、 of jobs needing improvement.New jobs having little or no statistical injury data.Jobs where new equipment or processes are in use.,ENGINEERING CONTROLS FIRST CHOICE Work Station Design Tool Selection and Design Process Modification Mechanical Assist ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS SECOND CHOICE Training Pr
27、ograms Job Rotation/Enlargement Pacing Policy and Procedures PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT LAST CHOICE Gloves Wraps Shields Eye Protection Non-Slip Shoes Aprons,INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONTROLS,WORKSITE ANALYSIS,WORKSITE ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN PARTS:,1.Gathering information from available so
28、urces.2.Conducting baseline screening surveys to determine which jobs need a closer analysis.3.Performing job hazard analyses of those work stations with identified risk factors.4.After implementing control measures,conducting periodic surveys and follow-up to evaluate changes.,TANGIBLE INDICATORS:A
29、ccident Records Production Records Personnel Records Employee Surveys,WORKSITE ANALYSIS,Continued,WHAT TANGIBLE INDICATORS WOULD BE MOST USEFUL TO YOU?,Continued,WORKSITE ANALYSIS,PERSONAL RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE JOB1.Age2.Gender3.Attitude4.Training5.Strength6.Work method7.Loose clothing9.Anthrop
30、ometry10.Loose or long hair11.Hearing deficiencies,JOB RISK FACTORS,JOB RISK FACTORS Weight of load Location/size of load Frequency of the Task Duration and pace of cycle Stability of load Coupling of load Travel distances of worker Reach distances of worker Symmetry between worker and the object he
31、ld,Continued,JOB RISK FACTORS,Static work posturea)Standingb)Sitting Work platforms or stairs Torso flexion(bending)a)Mild(up to 45 degrees)b)Severe(greater than 45 degrees)Work heights(too high or too low)Floor surfaces(wet,smooth,vibration),JOB RISK FACTORS,Continued,JOB RISK FACTORS,Noise/vibrati
32、ona)Frequency very importantb)Can amplify through the bodyEnvironmenta)Hot(sweat,reduced grip,fatigue)b)Cold(gloves reduce grip by as much as 30%)Lighting a)posture problems(because of inability to see),JOB RISK FACTORS,Continued,JOB RISK FACTORS,Trip hazardsConfined spacesElectrical hazardsInadequa
33、te ventilationLockout tagout requirementsMachine guarding requirementsMotorized vehicles(forklifts,etc.)Oxygen deficiency or enrichmentHazards associated with“Hotwork”Inappropriate personal protective equipment,JOB RISK FACTORS,Continued,JOB RISK FACTORS,Fall hazardsMechanical hazardsEngulfment haza
34、rdsRespiratory hazardsFlammable gases or vaporsAirborne combustible dusts,JOB RISK FACTORS,Continued,JOB RISK FACTORS,JOB RISK FACTORS,Continued,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,UNIT LOADS:,DEFINED AS:The unit to be moved or handled at any one time.,THE CONTAINER,CARRIER,OR SUPPORT USEDTO MOVE MATERIALS MUST B
35、E INCLUDED ASPART OF THE UNIT LOAD.,FACTORS AFFECTING UNIT LOADS,THE MATERIAL TO BE UTILIZED THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL TO BE HANDLED THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL TO DAMAGE THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE UNIT LOAD IS HANDLED THE RECEIVING,STORING,SHIPPING,AND HANDLING METHODS THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIO
36、NS TO WHICH THE LOAD IS EXPOSED,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,DESIGNING THE UNIT LOAD,OPTIMIZE THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD INSURE STABILITY OF THE LOAD REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE LOAD OPTIMIZE LOAD COUPLING,-HAND TO LOAD-FOOT TO FLOOR,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,The time
37、 required to complete one sequence of tasks sub-tasks,or elements.,DEFINITION OF TERMS:,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,CONDUCTING THE JHA,IDENTIFY THE JOB TO STUDY COLLECT THE DATA EVALUATE THE DATA FORMULATE CONTROL MEASURES,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,IDENTIFYING THE JOB TO STUDY,CLOSE-CALLS
38、ACCIDENT STATISTICS ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER JOBS COMPLAINTS&OPERATOR FEEDBACK PRODUCTION BOTTLENECKS,HIGH ERRORS,COLLECTING THE DATA,JHA ASSESSMENT FORMS DIRECT OBSERVATION VIDEO TAPE ACTION PHOTOGRAPHS DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS ACCIDENT STATISTICS,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,J
39、OB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,EVALUATING THE DATA,TASK DESCRIPTION SUB-TASK DESCRIPTIONRISK FACTOR/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,FORMULATING CONTROL MEASURES,ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EXPOSURE ENGINEERING CONTROL MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL MEASURES APPLICATION OF SAFE WORK PR
40、INCIPLES PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS FORM,STEP-Action Being Performed HAZARD-Description of potential Injury CAUSE-Probable cause of potential injury PREVENTION-Prevention control measure,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS,JOB TI
41、TLE-Action Being Performed LEFT HAND-How is it Used RIGHT HAND-How is it Used FREQUENCY-Usually times per minute NOTES-Supporting information POSTURE-Acceptable to extreme FORCE-High,Medium,Low-Quantifiable amount DURATION-Length of Stressor,STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS,JOB AND TASK ANALY
42、SIS,Continued,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEP 1-DETERMINING GENERAL CONDITIONS OF JOB,SET THE EMPLOYEE TO BE OBSERVED AT EASE.POINT OUT THAT YOU ARE STUDYING THE JOB NOT PERFORMANCE!INVOLVE THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ANALYSIS.SPEAK WITH CO-WORKERS.DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE JOB ON CO-WORKERS.REVIEW A
43、NTICIPATED RISK FACTORSREVIEW GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PERFORMING JOB.,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEP 2-BREAKING DOWN THE JOB,LIST EACH STEP IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE.RECORD EACH STEP OF JOB ACTION.GO OVER THE STEPS WITH THE EMPLOYEE.FINALIZE THE STEPS INVOLVED.,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEP
44、 3-IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS,EXAMINE EACH STEP TO DETERMINE EXISTING HAZARDS.ASK THESE KINDS OF(WHO&WHAT)QUESTIONS:,CAN CLOTHING OR JEWELRY GET CAUGHT?WHAT FIXED OBJECTS COULD CAUSE PUNCTURES?WHAT COULD THE WORKER GET CAUGHT“BETWEEN”?WHAT CAN THE WORKER GET CAUGHT IN,REACHING OVER,UNDER,AROUND OR THRO
45、UGH ETC.?IS THE WORKER OFF-BALANCE AT ANY TIME?,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEP 3-IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS,ASK THESE KINDS OF(WHO&WHAT)QUESTIONS:,IS THE WORKER POSITIONED DANGEROUSLY?WHAT REPETITIVE MOTION INJURIES ARE LIKELY?WHAT MOVING PARTS COULD STRIKE THE WORKER?CAN THE WORKER FALL FROM ONE
46、 LEVEL TO ANOTHER?CAN THE WORKER BE INJURED FROM CARRYING HEAVY OBJECTS?WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS EXIST?,(Continued),JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEP 4-EVALUATING THE HAZARDS,ASK THESE KINDS OF(WHY&HOW)QUESTIONS:,WHY ISNT PPE SERVICEABLE?WHY IS PPE IMPROPERLY WORN?WHY DOESNT PPE FIT PROPERLY?HO
47、W CAN LOCKOUT PROCEDURES BE IMPROVED?WHAT CAUSES THE WORKER TO CONTACT SHARPS?WHY HAS PROPER TRAINING NOT BEEN CONDUCTED?HOW CAN THE FLOW OF WORK BE ORGANIZED BETTER?,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEP 5-RECOMMENDING PROTECTIVE MEASURES,DETERMINE IF THE JOB COULD BE PERFORMED IN ANOTHER WAY TO RED
48、UCE THE HAZARDS.LIST EACH SAFER JOB STEP OR PROTECTIVE MEASURE.BE SPECIFIC!IF JOB HAZARDS ARE STILL PRESENT:,REDUCE NECESSITY.REDUCE FREQUENCY.CONSIDER JOB ROTATION.CONSIDER JOB ENLARGEMENT.,JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS,Continued,STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS,STEP 6-REVISING THE JHA,JHAS MUST BE
49、REVIEWED&REVISED PERIODICALLY.REPEAT JHAS CAN CATCH HAZARDS ON THE SECOND LOOK.IF AN INJURY OR CLOSE-CALL OCCURS REDO THE JHA.RETRAINING SHOULD FOLLOW EACH JHA.,JOB DESIGN,GOOD JOB DESIGN,Continued,GOOD JOB DESIGN,PREVENTS,Economic Loss,Loss in Earning Power,Loss in Quality of Life,Pain&Suffering,PR
50、EVENTS,Economic Loss,Loss in Expertise,Compensation Costs,Damaged Goods&Equipment,EMPLOYEE:,EMPLOYER:,JOB DESIGN,WORK STATION DESIGN,Design for the Range-of-Motion of the Worker Design for AssessabilityDesign for the Field of Vision of the Worker Design out Extreme Ranges-of-Motion Reduce Force in J
