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1、中外饮食文化差异一、 课题(论文)提纲中外饮食文化差异0.引言1.中西饮食文化差异1.1饮食观念、味道和营养1.2烹饪用料的选择1.3用餐方式1.4用餐礼仪2.中西饮食文化差异的内在原因2.1中西方饮食文化的渊源2.1.1中国传统文化2.1.2西方文化2.2东西方文化差异影响饮食差异2.2.1哲学思想不同 2.2.2文化精神和思维方式不同2.2.3认识事物角度不同3.结论 二、内容摘要摘要：在人类文明史的发展中，饮食在占据着重要位置的同时也在随着历史的发展而发展，由于世界各地地域分布以及地理位置气候等的不同，形成了世界是最多元化的文化饮食文化。其中中西饮食文化差异最大，了解和揭示中西饮食文化的
2、差异有意于更好的了解中西文化。文章解释了中西饮食文化差异的内在原因，其意义在于既能有助于深刻理解中西文化中的不同之处，跨越文化交际障碍，又能培养人们在跨文化交际时的适应能力，有效地避免交际双方由于文化差异而产生的误解。三、 参考文献1Charlie “Comparison of Chinese and Western food culture” Sichuan Technology Publishing House in 2007 2Mark “Western diet culture,” China Light Industry Publishing House in 20063胡文仲跨文化
3、交际学概论北京：外语教学与研究出版社。19994林语堂生活的艺术北京：外语教学与研究出版社，19985於奇中西方的饮食文化比较北京：北京大学出版社，2006 6赵荣光中国饮食文化概论北京：高等教育出版社，2003A Comparison of Food Culture between China and West Abstract: In the development of human civilization, food occupies an important position and at the same time grows with the development of his
4、tory. The worlds most diversified culture - food culture formed due to geographical distribution and location around the world, and the different climate, in which the greatest is between. Understanding and revealing the differences between China and West food culture can help you to understand the
5、culture better. The article explains the inner reasons of the food culture differences between , its significance lies not only in a deep understanding of China and West cultures, and cross-cultural communication barriers, but also training peoples ability to adapt effectively to cross-cultural comm
6、unication and avoid the communication misunderstanding due to cultural differences in two sidesKey words: Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food; cultural differences; cross-cultural communication.Introduction:The substrate of Human culture is the common, and the differences between C
7、hina and West is historical rather than a natural gifted with the。Food culture of a country and a regional is often the cultural enrichment of it. Chinese and Anglo-American and other western countries has some significant differences in the view and attitudes about diet ，diet content and features.
8、Revealing the reasons for these differences is not only helpful to cross the cultural gap but also helpful to global cultural integration.1 The food culture differences between China and westCulture is a floorboard of the life style that condensed by people in the long-time social life. When a natio
9、n formed a fixed diet, diet tips and diet, but once, they constitute a sub-culture. There are four significant differences between Chinese and Anglo-American and other western countries about the views and attitudes on diet, diet content and features。1.1 Idea, taste and features of food. West is the
10、 concept of a rational diet, regardless of food color, smell, taste, shape how, and strive to taste light and balanced diet, nutrition must be assured. Westerners in the intake of food is basically from a nutritional point of view to understand the diet, eating is only a mean to enjoy in the diet di
11、d not occupy an important position and therefore they will not be too much in pursuit of taste. However, the Chinese people are a kind of emotional eating. Chinese people attach great importance to “eat”, “Hunger breeds discontent”. People play an extremely function of eating, not only survive, but
12、also use it to maintain healthy, that “drugs make up less sibu”; and at the same time, people started to expand a pursuit of delicious.1.2 The choices of cooking materials. Westerners think the dishes are to fill their stomach, so they eat large pieces of meat, chicken and other block. Chinas cuisin
13、e is “Taste”, so when cooking, showing a great arbitrariness in the selected materials: many things that thrown away by westerners may seem as an excellent raw material to Chinese people. Western raw materials are mainly animal and marine fish, supplemented with plant; while Chinese are mainly plat-
14、based and freshwater fish, supplemented with animal. 1.3 The method of dinner. This is the most obvious difference in performance between China and West culinary culture, also the performance of Chinas culture differences of social psychology, values, and custom. The Chinese dinners usually take a “
15、share” means to have one seat, sharing the dishes on the table, often a dish has just the table, at the owners hospitality greet, the crowd to work together to “eliminating” the disk thing, is also competing to pay the final balance sheet. All acts and thus highlighting is a “synergy” of the word. A
16、nd influenced by the individualistic thinking, habits of Westerners dinners are per person a copy of each of the parties and the subject-object point of their own meals, do not take into account other peoples tastes and preferences, only eating their owns when they have dinner, and payment is also t
17、end to take from the system, each of whom pays own account.1.4 The dinner manner. Its even more different in this respect between China and West. In ancient China, in the dining process, it has a set of red tape, that is: when many people have dinner together, its impolite just to eat yourself. Do n
18、ot put the extra rice back into the pot, do not specifically cohered food, and do not winnow the hot meals. After dinner, guests should get up to pack to move the platter on the table, and give it to the owner, the owner got up and followed, tell the guests do not work, then the guests to sit down a
19、gain. Some of these rituals are also necessary in modern manners. In the West banquet, the host usually folder the guest once only, the remainder were by the guests own consumption, if the guests do not want, dont make people eat hard, and also do not urge somebody to drink to the guests according t
20、o the Chinese peoples habit of frequently, when eat something, do not send sound, but the guests should pay attention to appreciate the owner to prepare meals. If talking to people and only conversation with the neighbor, not with the distance.2 The inner reasons of the food cultural difference betw
21、een China and West2.1 Source of the food culture difference between China and west. The differences of social developing, traditional culture and life customs between China and west caused the food cultural differences.2.1.1 The traditional Chinese culture. Early Chinese culture greatly constrained
22、by the geographical environment. China is located in the southeast of the Asian continent, north-west is the vast expanse of desert, grasslands and Gobi, while south-east is surrounded by sea. A hotbed of Chinese culture - the Yellow River Flow Domain, the land is very fertile, but the climatic cond
23、itions are relatively harsh. The Yellow River Basin is become more and more dry in their development process .And gradually tend to be not conducive to agricultural production. Although the Qin in 100, mutual criticism is, go all out, but achieving the same goal is not competing to establish an idea
24、l world. Besides, Chinese culture also has the other two characteristics: first, the pursuit of applicable to stamp out all non-useful things. Historically, all of the practical technology is very advanced, such as agricultural science and technology and medicine, while some non-practical things can
25、 not be development; the second is to show Chinese culture, unique characteristics of love. The core of Confucian thought is “benevolent love,” which has a great influence to traditional Chinese culture.2.1.2 The western culture. A broad sense refers to Western culture is the cultural system that ar
26、ising from the hemisphere corresponding to the west and east culture. While the narrow sense of Western culture that refers only to European culture. In discussing the causes and source of Western culture, this article take the narrow sense of Western culture. The childhood of Western culture - the
27、Greek civilization is one of the worlds oldest civilizations. The source of her culture is Aegean Sea that located at Northeast Mediterranean. The unique climate and geographical caused the unique lifestyle of Greece and culture. From the origin of sense, because of this cradle of civilization is an
28、cient Greece Mediterranean, what the life materials it can provide are not so substantial. People must strive to explore the mysteries of nature, as much as possible to obtain from the nature of wealth, and then explore the mystery of natural world, development and utilization of natural resources i
29、n the service of humanity has become the mainstream of the European spirit. This kind of exploration of nature and the desire to conquer stimulate the birth of nature technology. In the process of conquest nature, foster awareness westerners pay special attention to the development of rational thoug
30、ht, so reason has become a typical feature of Western culture. Reason is to explore the natural process of sober reflection, analysis, and rigorous logic, seek to act in line with the objective laws of nature, and at the same time people continue to understand their own during the process of underst
31、anding nature. Another major feature of Western culture: that the individual for the community-based, self-centered, focusing on personal dignity. Clear demarcation between the interests of everyone, everyone has his own living space, mutual non-interference. Western culture is a kind of “guilt cult
32、ure”, which followed the original sign of Christianity, said that the profit and avoid loss are human nature. Christian doctrine that man is born with guilty, which seems contradict with the view of people-centered World, in fact they are not mutually exclusive, complement each other. The former enc
33、ourages human creativity, bold steps naturally available; the latter plays the role of normative acts in order to Gods punishment to restrain peoples restraint.2.2 The cultural differences between China and West affecting the differences in the dietThe idea of dinning is created by people in the pro
34、cess of eating and producing the food, deeply influenced by natural sciences, humanities, especially philosophy. Different philosophical thought and the resulting formation of cultural spirit and ways of thinking will produce a different eating idea. The concept idea of Chinas food is to get five fl
35、avors together, while west is prominent personality. This is mainly because the different philosophical thought and the cultural spirit and thinking arising from it.2.2.1 Different philosophical thoughts Seen from the philosophical thinking, an important core of china philosophy is to pay attention
36、to “morale” and “whether the relative health”, Western philosophy is pay attention to physical separation and confrontation with the void. 2.2.2 Different cultural spirit and mode of thinking The spirit and ways of thinking from the cultural point of view, based on philosophical differences in the s
37、pirit of Chinese and Western culture so the thinking patterns are very different: Chinese pay attention to Heaven and Man, stressing the overall function; the West pay attention to Heaven separation, emphasizing formal structure. And they decided on a different concept of their diet. 2.2.3 Understan
38、ding things in different perspectives The way of thinking in understanding of things, due to the different cosmic models, China stressed the overall function, while West emphasizes formal structure. Chinas overall function is to contain an unknown part of the overall function. It is the result of th
39、e overall nature of the gas depends on the overall among the various parts of reperfusion. Various parts of the entity structure are relatively minor, but the whole perfusion in the physical structure of the “morale” is the most important. In the Chinese view, only different things can combine to fo
40、rm the beauty, so the cooking is as to with and for your life. The emphasis on the formal structure of the West is also directly derived from its model of the universe.In the eyes of Westerners the world is an entity one, a physical world, specific and accurate is the form. Advocating prominent pers
41、onality, so as to specially designed for your life, cooking on the order for the United States alone.Western diet is not the same tools, the Chinese respect for the collective of all like to use chopsticks Roundtable; while the West prefer square table with knife and fork. In China, the group cultur
42、e, that is, team spirit and that is the dominant values. In the United Kingdom, the United States and other Western countries, particularly the United States, a greater emphasis on individualism, emphasis on the value and dignity of the individual, emphasizing the individual characteristics and diff
43、erences, to promote innovative and encourage unique style. Two distinct values will be reflected in the dietEast and West have two different cultures, reflecting the differences between peoples production and living space, in the way in which diet is a representation of one aspect of, food culture w
44、as developed along their own path.In China, the diet has risen to a vital thing almost beyond all other forms of material and spiritual forms, and this is also reflected in all aspects of peoples daily lives. Among them the most common is the Chinese people asked about the phrase “Do you eat it?” Gu
45、ests come to eat, commonly known as “welcome and wash off the dust”; guests out to eat, saying that the “farewell”; on the relocate you want to eat; when be promoted also want to eat - by eating to exchange information, express feelings of welcome or farewell, or even the emotional storm can also su
46、ppressed by means of food and wine. Behind the form of food there is a rich psychological and cultural significance, as well as peoples awareness and understanding of things ,then to gain a more profound social significance; to eat not only stay in the original communication function, it has already
47、 become a kind of psychological adjustment evolved into the community. Yi Zhong tian has conducted some of the most vivid description in the book “Gossip Chinese people” that is: “as the former call man as the mouth, the job called rice bowl and so on. As another example, think is called chew, exper
48、ience is called taste, jealousy is called jealous, being called intoxicated, common called routine, easy to call a piece of cake and so on.”Language is the carrier and mirror of culture, language reflects culture. In short of all, in Chinese culture, no matter its material or spiritual, seem all can
49、 be eat, and even something that invisible or touched like wind can also be eaten, as is often said that the “live on air” and so on. However in the United Kingdom, the United States and other Western countries, diet only as a necessary means of survival and communication methods. American psychologist Abraham Maslow divided peoples needs into five levels from low level to high-level, diet was
