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1、,被动语态专项讲练,.主动语态与被动语态：英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,主动语态,被动语态,主动语态,被动语态,e.g Many people speak English.,主动语态变被动语态的步骤：1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by 引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。4.其它成分不变。,什么时候不加by 注意：
2、1)不知道谁是执行者eg:His new car was stolen.2)强调动作的承受者而不是执行者eg:The car was parked in front of this shop.3)礼貌及委婉语气eg:All the work must be finished before May.,各种句型的被动形式,肯定句 主语+be+过去分词+（by）否定句 主语+be not+过去分词+（by）一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+(by)?特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）？,注意：这里 be 的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。,重点内容,所有时态的被动语
3、态否定就是在 最前面的助动词后加 notMany trees are being planted now.疑问就是把最前面的助动词提前。,Many trees are not being planted now,Are many trees being planted now?,变被动语态时需要注意的事项,一变二套三注意,宾变主，主变宾，宾语前面by跟，谓语动词变过分，不忘前面be动词跟,套时态，主被动时态一致,注意因人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。,1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made(by them)in t
4、hat factory.一般现在时：,变为被动语态,S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them i
5、n class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,主动句与被动句之间的转换 We bought some books.主语+谓语动词过去式的主动语态+宾语Some books were bought(by us)主语+谓语动词过去式的被动语态+介词+宾语,2.They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought(by them)last term.,一般过去时：,S+was/were+过去分词,将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：,Zheng Jie invented t
6、his special pen.变被动句,2)The bike was fixed up by Jimmy.变主动句,3)People use sunglasses to protect their eyes.,4)Teachers allow students to put up hands in class.,This special pen was invented Zheng Jie.,Jimmy fixed up the bike,Sunglasses are used(by people)to protect eyes.,Students are allowed(by teache
7、rs)to put up hands in class.,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our clas
8、sroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.,一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will
9、 give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,4Amy can take good care of Gina,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.,情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1
10、.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,Exercises：1.Many people sp
11、eak English.2.People used knives for cutting things.3.We can use the box as a table.4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorrow.,English is spoken by many people.Knives are used by people for cutting things.The box can be used by us as a table.The classroom should b
12、e cleaned by us every day.The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,1.Lucy is watering
13、the trees.The trees are being watered by Lucy.2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositions have been finished by us.,各种时态的被动语态的构成：,1.一般现在时态 am,is,are+过去分词 2.一般过去时态 was,were+过去分词 3.一般将来时态 will/am.is.are going to+be+过去分词4.过去将来时态 would/was.were going to+be+过去分词 5.现在完成时态 have,has+been+过去分词 6.过去完
14、成时态 had+been+过去分词 7.现在进行时态 am,is,are+being+过去分词 8.过去进行时态 was,were+being+过去分词 9.含情态动词的 情态动词+be+过去分词,Exercises：1.Many people speak English.2.People used knives for cutting things.3.We can use the box as a table.4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorrow.The bike will
15、 be repaired by her tomorrow.,English is spoken by many people.Knives are used by people for cutting things.The box can be used by us as a table.The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.,使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1.主动语态不带to的变为被动语态，须加上“to”hear、listen to、make、let、have、watch、see,look at,notice、feel、help,等。
16、例：make sb do sth sb+be+made to do sth see sb do sth sb+be+seen to do sth A girl saw Tom fall off the tree.Tom was seen to fall off the tree by a girl.The boss made the workers work hard.?The workers were made to work hard.,一感 二听三让 四看,feel,listen to.hear,let.have.make,watch.see.look at.notice,eg.We o
17、ften see him play basketball.,He is often seen to play basketball by us.,The boss made the children work for long.,The children were made to work for long by the boss.,2.“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定)pass、bring、buy、show、send、give、cook等。把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，“物”不变。He gave me a book.变直接宾语加t
18、o.变间接宾语不加 I was given a book(by him).A book was given to me(by him).He showed me a ticket.I was shown a ticket(by him).A ticket was shown to me(by him).My father bought me a new bike.I was bought a new bike(by my father).A new bike was bought for me(by my father).,间接宾语,直接宾语,“主动”表“被动”常见的三种情况,（1）表示某物自
19、身内在特点，主动表示被动。常见：This pen writes well.The shirt washes well.This new book sells well.The door wont work.The shop opens/closes at 8:00 am.注意区别：The shirt is being washed now.汉译？,(2)有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面，V-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.=The room needs/wants/required
20、 to be cleand.The book is worth reading.,(3)句型“主语+be+形容词+to do”，“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous,light,interestingimportant，expensive，fit，comfortable，impossible等。The picture is pleasant to look at The chair is comfortable to sit on The work is impos
21、sible to finish.注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相应的介词。The pen is comfortable to write with.,三、注意动词短语的,常考到的动词短语有,完整性,take care of,look after,listen to,speak to,eg.1.We should speak to the old politely.,The old should be spoken to politely.,2.The nurse takes good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good car
22、e of by the nurse.,无被动语态的动词：不及物动词无被动happen,belong to,suit,fit(适合),come true、die,join,fall,last（延长）,cost,break out（爆发）appear,burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with This room can hold 500 people.Taiwan belongs to China.The T-shirt fits me very well,and it only cost 20 yuan.SARS broke out in China
23、that year.Great changes have taken place in the last ten years in china.,常用的被动语态短语,be made of from intobe used to do for doing as,由-制成的,看出原材料,看不出原材料,原材料制成成品,be filled withbe covered with,eg.1.Paper is made wood.,from,2.Tables are made wood.,3.Wood is made paper and tables.,of,into,被用来-,被用作,用-充满,被-覆盖
24、,get/have sth.done 含被动(找人做某事)十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to get their ears pierced.I should get my shoes repaired.He should have his hair cut.Lets get the work done.,口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾语后加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)口诀3：有些动词
25、真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。两听，两感觉，三做，四看He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.口诀4.含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them,中考挑战,各种时态的被动结构练习,1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world.A.considers B.is considering C
26、.is considered D.has considered 2、John _,for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B.had punished C.punished D.was punished3、-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.Rooms _.A.are painting B.are painted C.are being painting D.are being painted,一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词,现在进行时态：a
27、m/is/are+being+过去分词,过去时态：was/were+过去分词,4、Mr.Wu was in hospital.when we went to see him,he _on.A.operated B.was operated C.was operating D.was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins.A.finishes B.will finish C.will be finished D.would finish6、The old scientist said that he _ to vis
28、it their country before long.A.invited B.had invited C.was inviting D.would be invited,过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词,一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词,7、With the help of the Hope Project,more and more new schools _ in the poor area.A.built B.have built C.have been built D.have been building8、He
29、came out and told us that the work _.A.finished B.was finished C.had finished D.had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio.A.can pick up B.pick up C.picked up D.can be picked up,现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词,过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词,情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词,中考真题链接,1.I feel very happy
30、 that I _ to be the host.Congratulations!(07 江西)A.choose B.am chosen C.was chosen D.haven chosen 2.Today Chinese _ by more and more people around the world.(07北京)A.was spoken B.is spoken C.spoke D.speak,3(课改实验区考生做)(07重庆)Your hometown has changed a lot Yes.Take a look at these tall buildings.They _ l
31、ast year A.build Bbuilt C.was built Dwere built(非课改实验区考生做)Why is the classroom so dirty?Sorry,sir.It _ yesterday We forgot to do it A.dont clean B.didnt clean C.werent cleaned D.wasnt cleaned,中考被动语态考题1.The river smells terrible.People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题）A be stopped to throw B be sto
32、pped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题）A arent，take away B taken，awayC isnt，taken away D be，taken away3.He _ _(tell)to return his books to the library yesterday.(黄冈市中考题）,was told,5.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by the
33、m last week(济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,T,They sent up,were planted,are grown,9.The teacher asked Tom to tu
34、rn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.10.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory,was asked,is done,11.Mr Li will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where yet.(2007 浙江卷)A.hasnt been decided B.havent decided C.isnt being d
35、ecided D.arent decided,A,Drills：1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station()_in my home town now.A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building.3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.4.Mus
36、t old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good c
37、are ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen,B,A,D,C,9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered10._I think the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.11.Yes
38、terday a visitor_something about hometown.A.asked B.will be asked C.was asked D.has been asked.12This bike is made in America.Its_for travelling.A.use B.using C.to use D.used,D,D,C,D,一、单项选择1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;buildD.Did;build2.An accident _ on th
39、is road last week.has been happened B.was happenedC.is happened D.happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A.is grownB.are grown C.growsD.grow4.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives 5.How many trees _ this year?A.are planted
40、B.will plant C.has been planted D.planted,B,D,A,C,A,6.Neither of them _ in China.A.is madeB.are made C.were made D.made7.Your shoes _.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn8.The doctor _ for yet.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent9.-When _ this kind of
41、 computers_?-Last year.A.did;useB.was;used C.is;used D.are;used10.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A.knows B.knewC.is known D.was known11.I _ in summer.A、born B.was bornC.have been born D.am born12.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week.A.is sentB.would sendC.was sent D.will be sent,A,C
42、,B,B,C,B,D,A.is sentB.would sendC.was sent D.will be sent13.Who _ this book _?A.did;written B.was;written by C.did;written D.was;written14.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is askedD.asks to15.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told usD.
43、told us16.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump17.The school bag _ behind the chair.A.Puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put,B,B,B,D,B,18.Older people _ well.A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after19.Our teacher _ carefully.A.should b
44、e listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened20.He arrived in Beijing,where he _ his friend.A.was met by B.was met C.was meeting D.met by21.My brother and I have _her birthday party.A.been invited B.been invited for C.invited to D.been invited to,B,A,A,D,1.必须照看好孩子们。The children must b
45、e taken good care of 2.这本书是鲁迅写的。/。This book was written by Lu Xun3.昨天那支笔是他给我的That pencil was given to me by him yesterday4.这辆自行车能修吗？Can this bike be mended?5.街道已由他们清理了。The street has been cleaned by them.,将下列句子变成被动语句。1.he break the window yesterday.2.Someone took away the books yesterday.3.We will h
46、old a sports meeting in September.4.The nurse took good care of the babies.5.The cat broke the glass.6.Mum gave me a computer as my birthday present.7.The sun made the man take off his coat8.They are going to build a tall building here.9.Do you use the camera for taking photo?10.will you send the in
47、vitations at once?,11.They made the bridge of stones.12.Miss Green cleans the library 13.Ill tell you everything tomorrow.14.I gave Tom a new book.15.The boys didnt clean the classroom.16.Who mended the TV set?,1.He cleans the classroom everyday.2.They finished their homework.3.I can mend his bike.4
48、.She will buy ten books tomorrow.5.We shouldnt allow them to go out with their friends.6.The old man often makes us laugh.,1.世界上许多国家都讲英文。English is spoken in many countries all over the world.2.纸是中国发明的。Paper was invented in China.3.这栋大楼是去年建造的。The building was built last year.,Make sentences,4.他父亲不会让他娶玛丽为妻的。He wont be allowed to marry Mary by his father.5.他们结束训练时将被派往部队。They would be sent to the army when they finished the training.,6.这个计划正在执行中。The project is being carried out.,Thank you for listening!,
