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1、解析老人与海的主人公桑提亚哥 摘要:美国现代著名小说家海明威曾经说过：“人生本来就是为了被打败的。人能被毁灭，但是不能被打败。”正是这种人生态度赋予了他笔下的桑提亚哥——勇敢、自信、自尊，永不屈服的性格特征。笔者从此角度出发，探索了“压力下的风度”这一主题以及给人们带来的启示。Abstract:Hemingway, a famous novelist of America, once said Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeat
2、ed. Santiago is endowed with this optimistic attitude towards life-courage ,confidence ,dignity and never giving up. This essay also deals with the problem of grace under pressure and its revelation to people.Key words: never giving up; confidence; grace under pressureIThe three layers of pressure T
3、he success of The old man and the sea lies most in its perfect display- the grace under pressurewhich is a very important quality of Santiago The quality is composed of two dements：pressure and grace Pressure is the premise， only under pressure can one‘s graceful demeanor display At the beginn
4、ing of the novel，Santiago had gone eighty··four days without catching a fish and had be·· come the laughingstock of his small villageThis is an affront to a masterful fisherman，and it forms the first layer of pressure；As the story begins，a young boy， Manolin，stayed with t
5、he old man，but after the fortieth luckless day，the boy，s father told his son to go in another boat， leaving the skiff of which the sail was patched with four sacks and furled like the flag of permanent defeat W hen the boy left the old man and fished with another，they caught three good fishes in the
6、 first week The boy s good luck formed obvious contrast with the old man g ill luckIf this happened to another boy， it was coincidental， but it happened to the boy who had got nothing with the old man for forty days and exactly when he left the old man for one weekThis made other fishermen believed
7、that the old man was really unlucky enough! This is the second layer of pressure；W hen the old man hooked the biggest marlin never seen in the Gulf Stream，he was alone，without the benefit of modem technologyHe endured a long and grueling struggle with the marlin and felt lonely and helplessThis is t
8、he third layer of pressure IISantiago grace under the three layers of pressure 1Grace under the first layer of pressure As the novel begins， we find Santiago definitely and finally failed，however，he kept self-composed and had confidence in his dignitySo even having got nothing in the first 84
9、days，he continued to go out to fish Santiago commitment to sailing out further than any fisherman had before testified his confidence to the depthIt also showed his confidence to change his bad luck，because he clearly knew what he was born for Yes，he was born for the conquering of the sea Everything
10、 about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated W e all know that eyes are the windows of one 7s sou1It means the old mans heart or soul is inconvincibleIn order to protect his dignity，he finally summarized the famous motto“Man is not
11、 made for defeatA man can be destroyed but not defeated”This is obviously the declaration to the difficuhies and adversitiesHow spirited and valiant the pledge!It encourages human to fight for dignity 2Grace under the second layer of pressure The old man was in his adversity and the boy had go
12、t good fishes after he left the old man Santiago didn’t feel jealous but happy for himWhen talking with the boy who was not willing to leave，the old man said“I know you did not leave me because you doub ted’’? and he felt it was quite norma1though he would be lonely wit
13、hout the boy W hen the boy asked if he could offer the old man a beer on the terrace and then took the stuff home，the old man said，“why not， between fishermen 3 AU these details show that Santiago was reasonable， sensible， kind with open mind The old man，s grace lies in his gender feeling1et &
14、sect;take a look at how the old man woke the boy：he took hold of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke upW hen the boy was still sleepy，the old man put his arm across his shoulders and said “I am sorry”Just like Lu Xan said，heartlessness doesn t make the hero， pity for children
15、makes more the man With confident attitude towards life，the old man took things philosophically In fact he hoped the boy could come back to him and he needed the boy，but when the boy wanted to be back，the old man refused because it was the boy，s parents who made him leave and he could not make the b
16、oy awkward and unlucky with him 3Grace under the third layer of pressure W hen fighting with the marlin， he was driven through the two opposite forces between certainty and uncertaintySometimes Santiago felt lonely and helpless，but he conquered all of them ultimately，which was best presented in his long monologue and recall about arlnwrestling contestsuch as “1 wish I had theboy to help me and to see this”，“1 wish the boy were here”and “1 wish I had the boy"39
