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1、一、概述 General1、结构特点Structural features驱动桥作为底盘传动系统的主要部分，其主要功用是增大由发动机传来的扭矩，将扭矩分配给左右驱动轮，并使两边车轮具有差速功能。同时，驱动桥还要承受路面和车架传来的各种作用力。T150K驱动桥主要由驱动桥壳总成、主减速器总成、轮边减速器总成、制动器总成等几部分组成，为两级减速传动结构。第一级减速即主减速装置，采用螺旋锥齿轮（格里森齿形）传动，具有输入扭矩大，传动效率高，工作平稳等特点。第二级减速即轮边减速装置采用三个行星轮的行星减速传动结构（NGW型式），整体运动刚性好，输出速度平稳。The main function of t
2、he driving axle, as the main part of the chassis system, is to enlarge the torque passed from the engine and distribute it to the left and right axles, making the wheels of two sides have differential function. Meanwhile, the driving axle needs to undertake various forces from the road-surface and t
3、he vehicle.Driving axle of T150Kmainly consist of the driving axle shell assembly, main reductor assembly, planetary reductor system, brake assembly, etc. It is two grades of transmission. The first device is main reductor assembly drived by gleason bevel gear; the device is large in input torque, h
4、igh in efficiency, stable in work. The second device is planetary reductor assembly drived by the planetary slowdown transmission structure with three planetary gears (NGW type), the device is high in rigidity, stable in output speed.2、工作原理 Principle主机动力扭矩从输入法兰传入，由主减速器减速后，通过半轴将动力分别传给两侧轮边减速系统，再由轮边减速传
5、动，将动力最终传给行星轮架，从而驱动轮胎滚动前进。其工作路线为：主机动力扭矩输入法兰主减速器半轴轮边减速器轮胎（图1）。The inputting flange inputs the torque from engine, through the main reductor, the power will reach planetary reductor system beside differential axle. Then the power is drived to planetary carrier, it makes the tire to move.The work line i
6、s: engine torque -input flange- the main reductor-differential axle-planetary reductor system-Tire. (drawing 1) 图1 Drawing 13、主要技术性能参数Main performance parameter桥型ModelT150K.72AT150K.73A单桥最大桥荷Maximal Load15000Kg轮辋安装距离Assembling dimension1768mm与车架安装距离fixing dimension with chassis（mm）782(内)X958（外）X199.
7、5760(内)X60X235传动比Speed ratio总传动比resultant gear ratio20.26主传动比Main speed ratio4.222轮边传动比Speed ratio of planetary reductor4.8二、使用说明(Usage Manual) 1、驱动桥在搬运周转过程中，不得有磕碰和野蛮装卸。严禁露天存放，应存放在通风条件良好的室内。Please keep not be striked when carrying driving axle.Please no open-air storage,it should be stored in well v
8、entilated indoor.2、驱动桥在装入整机前应正确加入齿轮油，单条桥中部（桥包处）加油至油位孔刚溢出为准，每侧轮边在加油前应先将加油孔旋转至轮边上方，并加油至油位。推荐用油：采用GB13895-1992齿轮油L-CLE85W/90（-12以上四季通用）和L-CLE80W/90（-26以上四季通用）。Driving axle should be injected the gear oil before being assembled on the entire machine.The oil is injected just overflow to the oil level hol
9、e for. It should revolve the oil hole above place before injecting oil,.The recommended oil is GB13895-1992 gear oil L-CLE85W/90(The oil could be used in any seasons when the temperature is above -12 and L-CLE80W/90(The oil could be used in any seasons when the temperature is above -26).3、桥总成若使用前存放时
10、间较长，应检查油质是否变质，如变质应更换新油；装机前应检查所有螺栓是否松动，必要时应按要求进行紧固，同时应保证与整机正确装配，紧固可靠。It is necessary to check whether the oil is deteriorative when the driving axle will be stored for a long time.Please replace the oil when deteriorative.Before assembling on heavy equipment,it should be checked whether all bolts are
11、 unfixed.If so,please fasten them.4、开始使用阶段应按要求进行磨合，不允许高速满负荷运转工作。The operational phase should carry on according to the request wearsin.Please Do not permit working at the high speed and full duty.三、 维护和保养(Maintenance )1、换油要求(The request of replacing oil)：1.1、主机厂换油:新驱动桥装机试车走合(约20小时)后，必须更换新齿轮油。换油时，将驱动
12、桥总成内的齿轮油彻底放净，加注煤油至原工作油位，运转几分钟进行清洗，停止运转后，将清洗煤油放净，再加注新齿轮油。Replacing oil by factory:It must be replaced the oil when the driving axle works more than 20 hours after assembling on machine.Clear out all gear oil in driving axle,then inject the coal oil to wash minutes,pour out coal oil.1.2、用户换油：新驱动桥总成工作1
13、5天（工作时间约100小时）后必须进行首次换油，以后每工作6个月（工作时间约1200小时）换油一次。Replacing oil by user:It should be replaced oil after the drivxing axle works more than 15 days or 100 work hours in the first time.Then please replace oil every six month or 1200 work hours.1.3、检查主减速器壳，轮边壳体有无异常过热现象，如过热则检查油位是否符合要求。Please inspect the
14、case of the main reductor assy.Whether there is exceptionally hot phenomenon nearby the end cover of planetary reductor assy.1.4、检查各紧固件的松动情况，发现松动，重新紧固。Please Inspect whether there are various fasteners the loose situation, Please refasten when discover they becomes less crowded.1.5、检查工作过程中有无异常噪声，如有异
15、常噪声应停机排除。Please inspect whether there is unusual noise when work, if so,Please Switches off the engine and repair.1.6、检查各密封处及连接部位是否有渗漏油现象，如渗漏油应停机处理。Inspects each seal place and the connecting whether there is the oil leak phenomenon, if so,please swith off engine to repair.2、每月技术保养(Each month mainte
16、nance)：2.1、检查桥壳油位是否符合要求，如油位降低应及时补足。Inspect whether oil level on axle case conform to there quirement.If the oil level reduces,it should promptly make up.2.2、应经常保持桥体清洁，保持透气管通畅，防止泥沙混入桥内。检查桥各紧固件的松动情况，特别是轮辋螺母，如发现松动，重新紧固。Keep the axle to be cleanly and vent pipe to be unobstructed,prevented the silt mixi
17、ng in the axle. Inspects the bridge various fasteners the loose situation,specially rim nut, if discovers becomes less crowded, refastens.3、每半年技术保养(Every half year maintenance)：桥内润滑油每工作半年更换一次新润滑油，不同地区和季节，选用相应的润滑油牌号。In the lubricating oil should be replaced when works for every half year.According to
18、 the different area and season, please select the corresponding trademark of lubricating oil.4、每年技术保养(Each year maintenance)：每工作一年应进行剖体检查(Every time the driving axle working for a year is supposed to carry on the body inspection):4.1、检查主减速器螺旋伞齿轮副的间隙、啮合和磨损情况。Please inspect spacing, meshes and attriti
19、on situation of twisted bevel gear in the main reductor.4.2、检查差速器齿轮的磨损情况。Please inspect attrition situation of differential device gear.4.3、检查轮边齿轮的磨损情况。Please inspect attrition situation of planetary gear.4.4、检查轮边行星齿轮内滚针轴承的磨损情况。Please inspect attrition situation of needle bearing in planetary gear.4
20、.5、剖体检查后安装调试项目的要求(The request of debugging project after dissection inspection)：4.5.1、半轴齿轮与锥齿轮在装配后应保证用手轻便转动无卡死现象。齿轮最小齿侧间隙为0.18-0.23mm。两齿轮接触区沿齿长和齿高皆不小于50%。The axle shaft gear and the bevel gear after assembly should guarantee facilely rotates the non-deactivation phenomenon.The smallest gear side cle
21、arance is 0.18-0.23mm.The lengthand and depth of tooth along two gears are not smaller than 50%.4.5.2、为保证主动螺旋齿轮有足够的支承刚性，在未装入油封和密封盖的情况下，采用调整两圆锥滚子轴承之间两个调整套的方法给滚子轴承以1.0-1.5N.m预紧力矩。In order to guarantee the driving helical gear has the enough supporting rigidity,In the situation of not loading seal and
22、seal gland,use the method of adjusting shim between two circular cone roller bearings to force pre- tight moment of force1.0-1.5N.m to roller bearings.4.5.3、主从动螺旋伞齿轮啮合侧间隙为0.17-0.35mm,其变动量不得大于0.1mm,齿侧间隙可通过调整差速器两端调整螺母及加减轴承套处调整垫片来实现。齿面接触区应保证齿长和齿高方向均不小于50%，接触位置应在齿面中部并偏向小端。The gear backlash of main drive
23、n twisted bevel gear is 0.17-0.35mm,the variable is 0.1mm.Adjust nut beside differential device and adjusting shim on bearing bushing to change the spacing beside two gears.The tooth lengthand and the tooth depth along two gears are not smaller than 50%,the contact face should be on the middle of ge
24、ar surface and near grown.4.5.4、驱动桥两侧轮壳轴承间隙的调整：拧紧调整螺母，给轮壳滚子轴承以28-38N.m预紧力;然后把两圆螺母涂螺纹锁固胶锁死。The method of adjusting spacing between bearings of axle case:Screw down adjustment nut,press pre- tight strength of 28-38N.m to roller bearings on case,the use inner hexagon bolt to fasten nut四、常见故障分析与排除Analys
25、is and Elimination of the Common Faults由于拖拉机的输出扭矩较大、结构较为复杂，如果维修中不严格执行修理规范或使用时违规作业，则容易出现故障。现介绍驱动桥常见故障的原因、现象及处理方法。Because of the comparatively greater output torque and complicated structure of tractor shovel, if not strictly execute the repair standard or violate regulation during operation, it is li
26、able to fault occurrence. Now introduce the reasons, phenomena and processing methods of some common faults.1、驱动桥有异响 Abnormal sound of drive axle 驱动桥的响声比较复杂，若零部件质量不合格、主传动在装配时安装和调整不当，以及使用中磨损过甚等，都会使装载机在行驶和作业中出现响声。一般情况下，异响随机器速度的增加而增大。具体情况有以下几种：The sound of driving axle is quite complex. The loader shov
27、el will make abnormal sound because of unqualified components, inappropriate installation and adjustment during assembling of active drive. In general case, the sounds become greater with speed acceleration. The concrete conditions just as the following: 1） 主、被动齿轮啮合间隙不当而发出的响声Sound because of inappro
28、priate meshing clearance between the drive gear and the passive gear. 原因及现象：啮合间隙过大，引起轮齿间相互撞击，响声为无节奏的“咯噔、咯噔”声。啮合间隙过小，使轮齿之间相互挤压，响声为连续的“嗷嗷”声，并伴有驱动桥发热现象。啮合间隙不均匀时，响声是有节奏的“哽哽” 声，严重时驱动桥会发生摆动。Reason and phenomenon: Oversize of meshing clearance leads to the mutual hitting among gear teeth, and the sound is
29、arrhythmic gedenggedeng sound. The too small meshing clearance leads to the mutual hitting among gear teeth, and the sound is arrhythmic aoao sound together with heat of drive axle. Non-uniformity of meshing clearance leads to the rhythmic “genggeng” sound and the drive axle will sway when severely.
30、 处理方法：拆下主减速器总成，重新调整主、被传动齿轮的啮合间隙。Processing method: Dismantle the main drive, and readjust the meshing clearance between the drive gear and the passive gear. 2） 轴承间隙不当发出的响声 Sound because of inappropriate meshing clearance of bearing. 原因及现象：轴承间隙过小时，响声为 “嘤” 的连续声；轴承间隙过大时，则发出杂乱的“哈啦、哈啦”的响声。Reason and phen
31、omenon: when the bearing clearance is too small, the sound is yingying”; when the bearing clearance is too large, the sound is “halahala. 处理方法：拆下主传动，加减垫片重新调整轴承间隙；若轴承已损坏，应更换新品后再调整轴承间隙。Processing method: Dismantle the main drive, and increase or decrease gasket to readjust bearing clearance; if the be
32、aring is broken, replace it before adjustment of bearing clearance;3）周期性异响Periodic abnormal sound原因及现象：齿轮出现打齿，或内有异物卡住，出现周期性的“咔咔”的响声。Reason and phenomenon: The appearance of gear beatings, or jamming with internal foreign matter leads to the periodic “kaka” sound. 处理方法：更换损坏齿轮，清除异物。Processing method:
33、replace the damaged gear and clear the foreign matter.4）差速器异响 abnormal sound of differential mechanism 原因及现象：行星锥齿轮与十字轴卡滞时会发出“嘎叭、嘎叭”的响声，且多在转弯时出现；行星齿轮啮合不良的响声较复杂，当机器直线行驶时，是“嗯”的响声，且机器速度越高响声越大增加，在转弯时还会出现“咯噔、咯噔”的响声。Reason and phenomenon: the bevel gear is jammed with the cross shaft, which happens most at
34、 the turn; the improper meshing sound of planetary gear is a little complicated, when the machine moves in straight line, it is “enen” sound, and the sound will become greater by the speed acceleration; while the “gedenggedeng” sound will appear when turning. 处理方法：拆下主传动，更换十字轴或行星锥齿轮及半轴齿轮。Processing m
35、ethod: dismantle the drive axle, and replace the cross shaft, planetary gear or half shaft gear.2、驱动桥壳体过热Overheat of drive axle shell 现象及原因：车辆行驶或作业一段时间后，用手摸桥壳若感觉烫手、不能忍受，即为驱动桥过热。驱动桥出现过热现象，主要是由于轴承间隙调整过紧，主、被传动齿轮啮合间隙过小，或桥上放气阀堵塞以及缺少润滑油造成的。Phenomenon and reason: After the travel or operation of vehicles f
36、or some time, touch the axle shell with hands, if the heat is too hot for hands to endure, then that is the overheat of drive axle shell. The reason for overheat of drive axle shell, is mainly caused by the excessively tight adjustment of bearing clearance, excessively small clearance between active
37、 and passive gear meshing, or the blockage of release value in axle and lack of lubricant.处理方法：先检查放气阀是否堵塞，是否缺少润滑油，如果不是，应拆下主传动，检查、调整轴承间隙或主、被传动齿轮的啮合间隙。Processing method: First inspect whether the release valve is blocked or whether is short of lubricant, if not, dismantle the main drive, inspect and a
38、djust bearing clearance or the meshing clearance between the active and passive drive gear. 3、有漏油现象oil leakage phenomenon 现象及原因：作业或停放时，在主传动与桥壳的结合处，主传动法兰与密封盖的结合处以及轮边减速器的内侧有齿轮油渗出。主传动与桥壳的结合处漏油主要是由于螺栓松动或密封胶失效造成的；主传动法兰与密封盖的结合处与轮边减速器内侧漏油主要是由于油封或形密封圈破损造成的。 Phenomenon and the reason: During operation or par
39、king, gear oil seeps out from the combination sites between the main drive flange and axle shell, between the active drive flannel and the sealing cover, and also the inside of wheel-side reducer. The seeping from the combination site between the main drive and axle shell is mainly caused by loose b
40、olt or failure of sealing glue; seeping from the combination site between the main drive flange and axle shell, and from the inside of wheel-side reducer is mainly caused by damages of oil seal or O-sealing ring.处理方法 ： 重新涂抹密封胶，紧固螺栓，更换油封或形密封圈。Processing method: Re-smear the sealing gum, fasten the bo
41、lt, and replace the oil seal or the O-sealing ring.4、驱动无力 Driving asthenia 现象及原因：在变速箱的油温压力均正常的情况下，拖拉机作业无力。一种可能是驱动桥的半轴折断。 Phenomenon and the reason: When both the oil temperature and pressure of gear box are in normal conditions, the tractor cant perform cutting or shoveling operations. One possibili
42、ty is the half axle of drive axle is broken. 处理方法：先判断是前桥半轴断还是后桥半轴断，使拖拉机的前轮离地，然后挂上倒档，逐渐加大油门，观察拖拉机能否行走。如果拖拉机不能行走，后传动轴又会转动，则可证明后桥半轴已折断。更换新半轴。Approach: first determine that the front axle rear axle axle axle or broken off, so that the tractor front wheel off the ground, and then hung up the reverse, gra
43、dually increase the throttle to observe whether the walking tractor. If the tractor can not walk, after the shaft will turn, you can prove that the bridge after the axle had broken. Replacement axle 使用中如果发现驱动桥有异响、发热及漏油等异常现象，都应及时停车，查明原因并进行排除，否则将会造成驱动桥或轮边减速器内部零件严重损坏，而一旦齿轮油泄漏到制动器摩擦片，则会造成刹车失灵，进而可能造成更大的损
44、失。During operation, stop the vehicle in time on discovery of abnormal sound, overheat and oil leakage of drive axle, find out the reasons and then eliminate, other will cause the severe damages of internal components of drive axle or wheel-edge reducer. If the gear oil seeps out onto the brake frict
45、ion plate, it will lead to brake failure and further greater loss.五、零件目录及结构图The structure drawing and parts catalogue1、前驱动桥总成零件目录及结构图（图2）The structure drawing and parts catalogue of front axle(see drawing 2)序号S/N零部件名称Part Name零部件代号Part No.数量/条Qty1轮边减速器总成Planetary reductor assy22螺栓M16X1.5X30-10.9Bolt
46、 for brakeGB/T5786-2000243垫圈 16 WasherGB/T93-1987244制动器总成Brake assyT150K.72.0325前桥壳总成FrontDriving axle shellT150K.72.0216螺栓M12X35 BoltGB/T5783-2000127垫圈12 Washer GB/T93-1987128主减速器总成Main reductorT150K.72.0119密封圈26.5X2.65 Seal GB/T3452.1-1992210油位塞M24X1.5 Plug50M.00-07211放气阀Z1/8 Deflation valve Z1/8Q
47、9001112减震压盖coverT151.72-02213垫圈10 WasherGB/T93-1987814螺钉M10X16 BoltGB/T70.1-20008图2 Drawing22、后驱动桥总成零件目录及结构图（图3）The structure drawing and parts catalogue of rear axle(see drawing 3)序号S/N零部件名称Part Name零部件代号Part No.数量/条Qty1轮边减速器总成Planetary reductor assy22螺栓M16X1.5X30-10.9Bolt for brakeGB/T5786-2000243垫圈 16 WasherGB/T93-1987244制动器总成Brake assyT150K.72.0325后桥壳总成Rear Driving axle shellT150K.73.0116油位塞M24X1.5 Plug50M.00-0727密封圈26.5X2.65 Seal GB/T3452.1-199228放气阀Z1/8 Deflation valve Z1/8Q9001
