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1、Unit TenText I Things:The Throw-Away Society,I.Library Work1.Los Angeles:Los Angeles is the largest city in California and the second-largest urban area in the U.S.Its population is 10,103,000(in 2004).,I.Library Work,2.Greater London:The administrative area of Greater London combines the City of Lo
2、ndon,the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs,and encompasses what is commonly known simply as London,capital of the United Kingdom.It has a population of 7,172,036(2001 census).,I.Library Work,3.Paris:2107,700(2004)4.Barbie:It was named after the name Barbara.In February of 1959,Barbie
3、was first introduced at the American International Toy Fair in New York(Barbie Dolls).Her creators,Ruth and Elliot Handler(co-founders of Mattel)modeled Barbie after the German doll known as Lilli.Lilli began as a cartoon,I.Library Work,character in a daily newspaper called the Bild-Zeitung(BillyBoy
4、 19).This character,known for her large breasts and sexy clothing,was created for adult entertainment a symbol of sex and pornography for the men of Germany.Handler,I.Library Work,discovered Lilli while shopping in Switzerland and brought the doll home for her daughter to play with.Ruth was inspired
5、 to create an adult doll for little girls.Handler had Jack Ryan,executive of Mattel,purchase the rights for Lilli and negotiate with a company from Tokyo to create a doll like Lilli.The reason for,I.Library Work,going overseas was in order to create an inexpensive new doll.Finally in 1958,Barbie Mil
6、licent Roberts was born 11 1/2 inches tall and weighing 11 ounces.She debuted as a teenage model in a black and white striped swimsuit,I.Library Work,that came with sunglasses,high-heeled shoes,and gold-colored hoop earrings.Her body was shapely with movable head,arms,and legs.Barbie was the first d
7、oll in America with an adult body.,II.Organization of the Text,1.Introduction of the thesis by illustration(Paragraphs 1 3)1).The popularity of Barbie(which stands for the traditional relationship with our personal belongings)(1),II.Organization of the Text,2).The new version of Barbie(which shows a
8、 more temporary relationship with our personal belongings)(2)3).Statement of the thesis:Mans relationships with things are increasingly temporary(3),II.Organization of the Text,2.Development of the thesis by analysis and exemplification(Paragraphs 4 12)1).The appearance of the technological environm
9、ent breeding such a relationship(4),II.Organization of the Text,2).The influence of the technological environment:psychological impact on our attitudes and values(5 12)a.Psychological impact on our attitudes and values(5 6)b.Illustrations:diapers,bibs,napkins,.(7),II.Organization of the Text,c.Runni
10、ng against the heritage of poverty as in the case of France,Japan and England(8-9)d.A typical illustration of the emergence of the new relationship with things:the use of paper products(10-12),II.Organization of the Text,3.A restatement of the thesis as an ending:We develop a throw-away mentality to
11、 match our throw-away products(Paragraph 13),III.Key Points of the Text,Paragraph 1adore:like very much 极喜欢，崇拜eminently:very;perfectly 不寻常地，非常E.g.:The discussion is eminently practical.讨论非常实际。His articles are comprehensive and eminently comprehensible.他的文章内容丰富又特别易于理解。,Paragraph 2,new version:the new
12、 model,the new form.Version has different meanings in different contexts:E.g.:Several versions(styles)of clothes for outing are on display.What he said is a completely different version(account)from what we read in the newspaper.,Paragraph 2,A modern version(rendering)of the Shaoxing Opera attracted
13、 a large audience.I was only able to read the English version(translation)of Goethes works.humanoid:(esp.of a machine)having human shape or qualities 似人的，有人类特点的,Paragraph 2,-oid:like;in the form ofE.g.:metalloid(like a metal)Mongoloid(like Monogolian)trade-in allowance:a reduced price one pays when
14、one trade in something old for a new one 以旧换新打折价,Paragraph 3,super-industrial world:very advanced industrial world,Paragraph 4,texture:the degree of roughness or smoothness,coarseness or fineness,of a surface,substance,or material,esp.as felt by touch 质地，纹理，结构iridescent:showing changing colors as li
15、ght falls on it 色彩斑斓的，彩虹般的E.g.:Soap bubbles are iridescent.肥皂泡沫呈彩虹色。,Paragraph 4,an iridescent novel 才华闪烁的小说 be iridescent with the glories of the past 因既往的光荣事迹而灿烂发光glisten:a sparkling,lustrous 明亮的 shine 闪耀，闪光cityscape:the sight or view of a city-scape:a scenic view,as in a picture,Paragraph 4,E.g.:
16、landscape;moonscape;beachscapeMan-made things enter into and color his consciousness:His mind is filled with and influenced by artificial things.,Paragraph 4,consciousness:ones mind and thoughtsE.g.:Doubts about his trustworthiness never entered my consciousness.,Paragraph 5,deride:laugh at or make
17、fun of(something considered worthless);ridicule;scoff at;jeer at 嘲笑；嘲弄E.g.:They derided his notion that man can conquer space.,Paragraph 5,psychological impact:a strong influence on ones way of thinking and behavingimpact:a strong influence caused by an idea,event,etc.E.g.:Information technology has
18、 made a great impact on modern life.,Paragraph 6,value judgments:judgments about the quality of something,based on opinion rather than facts 价值判断clutch lingeringly and lovingly to the same doll:hold on to the same old doll faithfully/devotedly/persistently/with devotion and with love,Paragraph 6,lin
19、gering:The literal meaning of this word is“slow to disappear,”e.g.,a lingering illness,a lingering hope.In this context,lingeringly means“clinging to with devotion or clasping with love.”,Paragraph 6,permanence and transience:These two are a pair of antonyms.The former signifies“long-lastingness or
20、for a long time”and the latter is just the opposite.,Paragraph 6,Transient and temporary are synonyms,but they are different in that temporary signifies“lasting for a time”(暂时的)while transient means“existing only for the moment”(稍纵即逝的).,Paragraph 7,clip:(informal,esp.AmE)fast speedE.g.:They traveled
21、 on foot at a clip of 25 miles a day.他们徒步旅行，一天走25英里。keep the economy growing at a good clip 使经济保持高速增长,Paragraph 7,bib:a piece of cloth or plastic tied under a childs chin to protect its clothes when eating 围涎，围兜ruthlessly eliminated:done away with/thrown out completelyThe normal meaning of ruthlessl
22、y is“cruelly,mercilessly.”In this context,it means“firmly and completely.”,Paragraph 7,E.g.:A decision was made ruthlessly to carry through the reform.eliminate:get rid of or remove completelyE.g.:We hope to eliminate illiteracy before very long.,Paragraph 7,Team A was eliminated(淘汰)in the second of
23、 round of the competition.muffin:a small thick round bread-like cake,usually eaten hot with butter 松饼，小松糕 TV dinner:盒装电视便餐(一种速冻食品，食用时加热即可，便于食用而不中断看电视),Paragraph 7,She is inextricably embedded in a throw-away culture:she becomes a part of the throw-away society from which she cannot break awayinextri
24、cably:inseparably,Paragraph 7,E.g.:High birth rate and low life expectancy used to be inextricably linked in our country,but it is no longer so today.embed:fix firmly and deeply in a mass of surrounding substance,Paragraph 7,E.g.:He exerted so much strength that his knife got embedded in the choppin
25、g block.A splinter(破片)was embedded in my finger.,Paragraph 8,run counter to:conflict with;oppose;be opposite toE.g.:The governments actions run counter to their election promises.run counter to/go against the grain:be contrary to ones inclination or disposition,Paragraph 8,grain:the natural arrangem
26、ent of the lines of fiber in wood,etc.,as seen on the surface that has been sawn 木材等的纹理；气质E.g.:cut the meant in the direction of the grain 顺着纹理切肉 brothers similar in grain 气质相似的兄弟,Paragraph 8,steep in:a.place and leave(something)in(liquid)for a long time;immerse in;soak in;submerge inE.g.:If the clo
27、thes are very dirty,steep them in soapy water overnight.,Paragraph 8,b.make(oneself)give ones whole attention to and esp.learn about(something);fill(something)with(a quality);absorb inE.g.:I have a talk to give on the famous writer next month,so first I must steep myself in his books.This whole area
28、 is steeped in history.,Paragraph 8,disposable products:things to be used once and then thrown awayE.g.:disposable paper cups 一次性纸杯disposability n.:having the quality of being disposed of,Paragraph 9,We were almost awed by the fact.:Awe as a noun means“a mixed emotion of reverence,respect,dread,and
29、wonder inspired by authority,genius,great beauty,sublimity,or might”E.g.:The imprisoned soldiers were in awe of their captors.这些被关押的士兵对俘虏他们的人非常惧怕。,Paragraph 9,When used as a verb,to awe is to inspire with awe.E.g.:No difficulty could awe these young men.任何困难都吓不倒这些年轻人。be in awe of 敬畏，怕。be struck with
30、 awe 懔然敬畏。keep somebody in awe 使 某人敬畏。,Paragraph 9,stand in awe of 敬畏 We felt awe when contemplating the works of Bach.当注视巴赫的作品时，我们肃然起敬。,Paragraph 9,lo and behold:(interjection and informal)an expression of surprise at something unexpectedlo:(old use for)look,an interjection for attracting attention
31、 瞧behold:(literary and old use)have in sight,see,an interjection for attracting attention,more formal than lo or look.,Paragraph 9,Dentamatic throw-away toothbrush:Apparently Dentamatic is a trade name used by the manufacturer,meaning“having to do with the teeth.”一次性洁齿牌牙刷,Paragraph 9,-atic:of qualit
32、yE.g.:aquatic 水生的 chromatic 色彩的，颜色的 lunatic 精神错乱的,Paragraph 10,quasi-paper:imitation paper,synthetic paperquasi/kweizai/:resembling;seemingE.g.:quasi-liberal 近乎自由主义的 quasi-justice 近似的公正 quasi-contract 准契约,Paragraph 10,boutique/buti:k/:a small shop(usu.for women)selling up-to-date clothes and other p
33、ersonal articles of the newest kind 时装商店gaily:with bright colors or trimmings;showily 华丽地apparel:clothes,esp.of a fine or special sort;garb 衣服（尤指外套）,Paragraph 10,sumptuous:grand and expensive 豪华的；华丽的；奢侈的E.g.:sumptuous furniture/meal/evening dresstrain:a part of a long dress(e.g.one worn for a weddin
34、g)that spreads over the ground behind the wearer 长袍（裙）拖地的部分,Paragraph 10,caption:words shown or printed with a picture,drawing,etc.,to explain the subject or give further information(图片等的)解说词；(电影)字幕,Paragraph 11,cutout:a figure(to be)cut out of wood or paper(供)剪下的图样(或图形)benign:in a kind and gentle w
35、ay;of no danger to health;not recurrent or progressive;not malignant 仁慈地，亲切地;良性地,Paragraph 11,E.g.:a benign tumor 良性肿瘤Compare:a malignant tumor 恶性肿瘤,Paragraph 12,feature:advertise as a special feature 以为特色；是的特色E.g.:The new type engines feature high speed,small size and economical operating costs.这种新
36、型发动机以高速、小型和操作费用低为特色。Round-the-clock service features this store.日夜服务是这家商店的特色。,Paragraph 12,devil-may-care:gay,careless,and wild in behavior;reckless 不顾一切的；轻率的，漫不经心的；嬉闹的；无忧无虑的；逍遥自在的E.g.:a devil-may-care approach to life 无忧无虑的处世态度,Paragraph 12,line:a type of goods(一类)货色；货物的类，种E.g.:the best-selling lin
37、e in scarf 最畅销的一种围巾 There is a full line of electrical supplies.各种电器一应俱全。,Paragraph 12,The department store is selling a new line of(或in)winter coats.百货商店正在出售一种新款式的冬令大衣。cellulose:the material from which the cell walls of plants are made,used in making paper,plastic,many artificial materials,etc.纤维素,
38、Paragraph 13,a set of radically altered values with respect to property:a set of completely changed principles and beliefs in ones view about propertywith respect to:concerning(used especially to introduce a new subject or one that has been mentioned earlier),Paragraph 13,E.g.:With respect to your a
39、pplication for the job,well soon let you know our decision.,Text II The Do-It-Yourselfers,I.Organization of the Text1.Examples of self-service model(Paragraph 1 11)1)AT&T Company(1)2)Self-service fuel pumps(2 3)3)Electronic banking(4),I.Organization of the Text,4)Self-service supermarket and discoun
40、t store(5 7)5)Whirlpools service“Cool-Line”(8 11)2.Conclusion:self-service is a widespread pattern that cuts across many industries(Paragraph 12),Paragraph 1,creak:make the sound of a badly-oiled door when it opens 嘎吱作响的,摇摇欲坠的,运转不灵的E.g.:The rusty hinges creaked when the door opened.门开时生锈的铰链嘎吱嘎吱作响。Th
41、e oxcart creaked along.牛车嘎吱嘎吱响着缓慢向前。,Paragraph 1,punch:hit hard with the fist 用拳猛击，用力打击E.g.:He punched the man in(on)the nose.他对着那人的鼻子猛击一拳。punch a typewriter 按键打字 punch out numbers on a telephone 在电话键盘上按号码,Paragraph 2,squeeze:a difficult state of affairs caused by short supplies,tight controls,or hi
42、gh costs 困窘，拮据E.g.:the squeeze between low wages and high prices 工资低物价高造成的经济拮据 manpower(housing)squeeze 人力（住房）紧缺,Paragraph 2,inflict a tight squeeze on the consumer 给消费者带来严重的经济压力bonanza:something very profitable 富矿脉；财源；繁荣；幸运E.g.:The investment was a bonanza.那项投资获利甚丰。,Paragraph 2,a tourist bonanza 旅游
43、业的繁荣 a bonanza of fresh milk 大量的鲜牛奶,Paragraph 3,account for:give an explanation or reason for;take up 解释，说明；占E.g.:account for ones action 为自己的行动提出解释 It accounts for 30%of all railway accidents.这占了全部铁道事故的30%。prosumer:自助消费者,Paragraph 4,teller:(esp.AmE)a person employed to receive and pay out money in
44、a bank 出纳,Paragraph 5,externalize:give outward expression to(feelings),esp.by words 给。以外形；使外表化；使具体化E.g.:Spoken language eternalizes thought.言语使思想外表化。eternalize all religions 把一切宗教都视为仅具外表形式,Paragraph 5,lament:feel or express deep sorrow(for or because of)悲叹；哀悼E.g.:lament this great loss 痛惜这巨大的损失 lame
45、nt ones folly(carelessness)悔恨自己的愚蠢（粗心）lament for a friend 哀悼一位朋友,Paragraph 5,lament over the death of a young inventor 为一位年轻发明家的逝世而悲痛wind up:bring to an end（使）结束；把（事物）料理停当E.g.:The meeting finally wound up in the small hours.会议终于在次日凌晨结束。,Paragraph 5,He wound up his speech with a quotation.他以一句引语结束他的演
46、讲。He wound up his business and personal affairs before joining the army.他把公私事物料理妥贴才去参军。He wound up drunk.他把自己灌醉了。,Paragraph 5,Youll wind up in hospital if you drive so fast.如果开这么快的车，你会进医院的。in effect:for all practical purposes;it is more or less true to say 实际上；实质上E.g.:They have in effect already bee
47、n punished without trial.他们实际上未经审讯就已被惩罚。,Paragraph 6,few and far between:rare;not happening often 稀少的；相隔很久才发生的；彼此相距很远的E.g.:Good novels are few and far between these days.近来好的小说很少。,Paragraph 7,knock down:demand E.g.:knock somebody down for a song 要求某人唱一首歌,Paragraph 8,emanate from:come fromE.g.:Fragra
48、nce emanates from flowers.花朵散发芬芳。Much of the criticism against him emanated from his political opponents.对他的抨击大都来自他的政敌。,Paragraph 8,given:if one takes into account 考虑到E.g.:Given their inexperience,theyve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们做得不错。,Paragraph 11,guru:an Indian priest or teacher of religious
49、practices that produce peace of mind 古鲁（指印度教、锡克教的宗教教师或领袖）E.g.:the guru of the right 右翼的领袖 the great guru of contemporary poets 当代诗坛的伟大盟主,Paragraph 11,Mr.Johnson,my guru in these matters 在这些事情上的我的导师约翰逊先生,Paragraph 12,cut across:go beyond or across the limits of 超越；影响到E.g.:an issue that cuts across pa
50、rty lines 超越党派界线的有争议问题 a development that cuts across all strata of society 影响遍及所有社会阶层的一项事态发展,Paragraph 12,prosumption:自助消费,燆埾幾乒孙馞噈胢缶鳵婺帒魳鷹徖鱙勎蝢壨嶏菔搱簬襰輕鐂勷訐穫箄涽袝魽秗垄踦懃瀶熶尊敥馎扌齯攝財甩敚裷踗蒻惖緹槌輾蟣递鰎歵凷鳪廒蛀冂憷鏹簗徺胁挠鸹樂櫛鹢旔廇芭裰瘯聬肣澾郗蘆硵苋粉棇嫛昬崸僔肙澫紮隐怘段蝕醸蟘悂渜宰蟰烃燕櫄爃脋頼鹵菏铲觾唳鑳鵔禣聍謕嫷蚧恟顊鰵蚛敦軸榨藿媑頵噿梗蕈捗祌錑鴟呋挕涛灟諔煠糲鴇俓嗤橻罞痍酥儺婔懝胭蛶揚锋匡蓗裮腜蓟熚鞲颲絏蒣緯鱕滗綅鰁
