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1、Australia,UNIT15 The Land and the People of the Dreaming,Its the smallest continent in the world and its the biggest island in the world.,Australia,Amazing 叹为观止Unexpected 超乎想象Stylish 时尚之巅Tempting 诱人魅力Relaxing 悠然一刻Adventurous 体验极限Liberating 自由自在Inspiring 灵感无限Attractive 梦萦魂牵,Regions,Six states,Two are
2、asNorthern TerritoryAustralia Capital Territory（ACT）,From east to westEast：Center：West：,Highlands(the Great Dividing Range）,Lowlands&basin,Plateau,Geographic feature,Official name:The Commonwealth of Australia,brief introduction,Capital city:Canberra,National flower：Golden Wattle,National tree:Eucal
3、yptus,National bird：Lyrebird,National Flag,National Emblem,Canberra,Garden City,Sydney“New York”in southern hemisphere,the biggest city in Australia,Sydney Opera House,Freerailroad car,Melbourne,the second biggest city in Australia,Commercial center,land Distinctive features of the,Two of the countr
4、ys most distinctive physical features are the Great Dividing Range(大分水岭),which extends as an almost unbroken series of plateaus down the East Coast of Australia,from northern Queensland,through New South Wales and into Victoria and the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁),the largest coral structure in the world
5、,which extends along the coast of Queensland.,the Great Dividing Range(大分水岭),the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁),Fairfax Island,the Great Barrier Reef,The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world.It extends for about 2010 km(about 1250 mi)along the northeastern coast of Australia and is act
6、ually a chain of more than 2500 reefs and several small islands.Fairfax Island off the coast of Queensland is part of the Great Barrier Reef.,Sydney Harbour,Sydneys Port Jackson harbor boasts two of Australias most recognizable landmarks:the Sydney Harbour Bridge,once the longest single-arch bridge
7、in the world,and the Sydney Opera House.,Sydney Opera House,Australia The shell-shaped Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous pieces of modern architecture in the world.It was designed by Jrn Utzon and completed in 1973.Sydney is the capital of New South Wales,which is located on the southeast
8、ern coast of Australia.Sydney is the largest city in Australia and the countrys cultural center.,Uluru(Ayes Rock)(艾尔斯岩)(澳大利亚中部一块在平坦的沙漠中天然形成的红色花岗岩巨石)Located in the flat desert of the center of Australia,it is the largest monolith(独块巨石)in the world.It is a holy place for the Aboriginal people living a
9、round it.It is also called Ayers Rock by white settlers.,Ayerss Rock which is locates in the middie of Australia in kata Tjuta National Park,is Australias most famous natural landmark.Ayers Roak 348 m high and 9 km round.Ayers rock in Australia was once thought to be the worlds biggest rock!The rock
10、 changes colour as the day advances.Tourists watch spellbound as the rock which appears black at daybreak gradually turns blue,then brown then brown-red then orange and finally a fiery red at sundown!The rock is sacred to the aborigines and to the people of Australia,in general,it is a symbol of the
11、ir heritage.,Change!,Distinctive animals of the land,Australias distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent(澳大利亚独特的动植物群是由其大陆岛的地理特征逐渐演变形成的)。Animals unique to the continent include:the platypus(鸭嘴兽),kangaroo(袋鼠),koala(树袋熊)and wombat(毛鼻袋鼠)。,platypus,kangaroo,koala
12、,wombat,The indigenous peoples,Since the First Fleet bringing the first convicts(罪犯)to Australia arrived in 1788,there have been only 8 generations of settlers.However,there have been at least 18,500 generations of the Peoples of the Dreaming since 47,000 years ago.Young indigenous women were forced
13、 to help the white settlers in sealing(捕猎海豹),which was one of the first industries of Australia.White sealers and pastoralists exploited indigenous peoples knowledge of the land and created wealth for the colonizers,Dreaming and Dreamtime,The Dreaming is the belief system from ancient times that has
14、 bound indigenous groups together.The central principle of the Dreaming is that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land.The people dont own the land,instead the land owns the people.The stories of the Dreaming provide principles of how people should live and in
15、teract with each other.They also provide knowledge of the land so that the indigenous people can survive in the life-threatening environment.(*The Dreaming privileges the guardianship over the ownership of the land.).,The concept of Terra Nullius,Terra Nullius is from Latin.It means a land that is o
16、wned by no one.The British declared the Australian continent Terra Nullius to justify their invasion of the indigenous peoples land.It served to legitimize their taking possession of the land and devalue the indigenous people as uncivilized and not fully human.,Impact of colonization on the indigeno
17、us peoples,1)The indigenous people were dispossessed of the land they had lived on for tens of thousands of years.2)They were killed in violent skirmishes and massacres.3)They contracted the diseases brought by the white settlers and as a result,their population fell drastically.,Policies of segrega
18、tion and assimilation,The policy of assimilation was implemented at the beginning of the 20th century.It was founded on the belief that the white culture was progressive and superior while the indigenous culture was inferior.To implement the policy,indigenous(aboriginal)children were taken away from
19、 their parents to be put into protected reserves,whose purpose was to destroy the culture of the Dreaming and replace it with Christianity.The impact of the policy is devastating on the indigenous people,as their children grew up losing both their families and culture.In nature,it is the extension o
20、f the policy of segregation.,National integration,National integration is a nation in the given historical conditions,and assimilation to another nation.historically,there are two nations together.one of them,it is natural to a certain ethnic groups in a long time in another nation and gradually dis
21、appeared our own national characteristics and assimilation to another nation.this is the natural history of the progress of the exhibition.the other one is to be forced together and refer to the reactionary rulers are policy of national assimilation,such as forced the oppressed peoples acceptance,Th
22、ere was a major contradiction underlying the official relationship of“Assimilation”.Whilst it officially meant that both peoples would become as one,with the Aboriginal people merging into the larger Australian social,in practice,assimilation was accompanied by segregation.were excluded from the soc
23、ial,the political and the working life of mainstream Australians.They had unequal conditions of entry into public houses,swimming pools and cinemas and were excluded from mainstream education and health services.Thy were also excluded from many forms of employment and from citizenship:Aboriginal peo
24、ple could not vote.,The Policy of Assimilation(民族同化政策）,By the beginning of the 20th century the policy of protection had been replaced by the policy of assimilation.“Assimilation”was founded on the belief that the white culture was the progressive and superior whereas the Dreamtime was only a form o
25、f superstition.Children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the“protected reserves”set out to destroy the culture of the dreamings and to replace it with Christianity.,assimilation-the state of being assimilated;people of different backg
26、rounds come to see themselves as part of a larger national family,Australia is a multi-ethnic country.a native or inhabitant of Australia has in the land a thousand years.raising the native of Australia also in the native culture to become one of the oldest in the world.as far away from other mainla
27、nd china,Australia has its own unique indigenous culture of indigenous people are often called a dream of national：dream is to put them together with the beliefs of the bond is their routine must abide by laws and norms,The double loss,of traditional culture and exclusion from mainstream Australian
28、society and culture,led to Aboriginal people being labelled lazy,stupid and drunken and dirty.This combination of exclusionary practices and cultural prejudices paralleled the systems of apartheid practised in the United States and South Africa.Racism was an entrenched part of Australian culture unt
29、il the 1960s and operated at the personal and the institutional level.,The history of contact has been a history of loss for the People of the Dreaming,a history of:stolen land;stolen wages;stolen culture and;stolen children;We need to outline the development of mainstream Australian society and culture by investigating the alternative belief systems and the construction of the political,economic and family systems that comprise mainstream Australian society and culture today.,thank you!,
