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1、,How do we Study Culture?,Ways to study Culture,Emic ApproachStudies a culture from the insideAttempts to understand a culture as a member of that culture would understand it Etic ApproachStudies a culture from the outsideCompares cultures using pre-determined characteristics,Emic Approach,Studies t
2、he behavior from within the systemExamines only one cultureProvides a way of understanding how reality is organized within a particular cultural perspective.,Etic Approach,Studies the behavior from outside the systemExamines many cultures,comparing themAssumes that cross-cultural comparisons can gen
3、erate observational categories that are a useful way of comparing a wide variety of cultures,What will we use?,Primarily the etic approach since you are not living in another cultureIf you go to another culture,you will use the emic approachWhat is the best way?,Building Blocks of Culture,(Observati
4、onal categories),Four Building Blocks of Culture,Concept of SelfIndividualist and collectivistPersonal vs.Societal ResponsibilityUniversalist and particularistConcept of TimeMonochronic and polychronicLocus of ControlInternal and external,Dividing the Spoils,For six weeks,you and three other people
5、at your company have been working on a special,important project.Now,the work is complete and the four of you have been awarded a cash prize of$20,000 dollars.Person A(your friend)did 20%of the work.You did 50%of the work.The other two(who you dont really like)did 15%of the work each.How should the
6、money be divided?,Collectivist vs.individualist,Collectivistic CultureEach person receives$5,000Individualistic culturePerson A-$4,000You-$10,000Person C-$3,000Person D-$3,000,Individualist,Smallest unit of survival is the individualIdentity is based on what one owns or experiences.People identify p
7、rimarily with self,and the needs of the individual are satisfied before those of the groupLooking after and taking care of oneself(being self-sufficient)guarantees the well-being of the group,Individualist(cont.),Independence and self-reliance are stressed and greatly valuedPersonal freedom is highl
8、y desiredMore psychological and emotional distance from othersGroup membership is not essential to ones identity,survival,or success,Collectivist,Primary group is usually the immediate family,the smallest unit of survivalOnes identity is a function of ones membership and role in a group(like family,
9、or work team)The survival and success of the group ensures the well-being of the individualPerson is protected by considering and ensuring the needs and feelings of others(thus ensuring the survival of the group),Collectivist(cont.),Harmony and interdependence of group members are stressed and value
10、dLittle psychological or emotional distance between group membersConsiderable distance between group and non-group members(in-groups and out-groups),Example within Education,What are your in-groups in a Chinese college setting?In China education is organized by the group.You class is together for 4
11、years.You eat together,live together,go shopping together,study together.,Example within Education,In America,education is organized by the individual.Each person chooses their major,their classes each semester,their roommates(which can change every year and sometimes every semester and are not nece
12、ssarily classmates).,Puzzlers,Who would more likely be part of a group,a collectivist or individualist?If China is a collectivist country,why do Chinese have so much success in individual sports.If the West is more individualist,why do they have more success in team sports?,How does this impact frie
13、ndships?,The coconutand The peach,Collective culture:CoconutTakes longer to get through the outer shell,but once youre in,youre in for life.Less friends,but friends for a lifetime.,Individualistic cultures:PeachEasy to become surface friends but it takes longer to get to the center.In general more friends at a more shallow level.,How could these cultural expectations on friendship cause problems?,Individualist vs.CollectivistPart 1,ICIICC,IIICCC,
