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1、A Brief Analysis on the Cause of Tesss Tragic 浅析苔丝悲剧的成因姓 名： 院 系： 外语系 _ 班 级： _学 号： 指导教师： _浅析苔丝悲剧的成因 摘要：托马斯哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家。德伯家的苔丝是他最为有影响力的一部巨著，这部作品描写了苔丝的悲剧一生。主人公苔丝在精神上和肉体上受到两个男性的摧残，由一个天真活泼的少女转变成世俗偏见的受害者，并最终沦为一名杀人犯走上刑场。悲剧形成的原因主要是苔丝个人的性格与命运、家庭、社会的冲突，从而造成了个性的毁灭。关键词：现实主义；苔丝的悲剧；社会环境A Brief Analysis on
2、 the cause of Tesss TragicAbstract：Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England.Tess of DUberville, is a famous work of Thomas Hardy. This work describes the tragedy of Tess. Tess is devastated by two men in the mentally and physically, by a lively g
3、irl into a secular bias of the victims, and eventually become a killer way to death.The main reason is the tragedy of Tess of the formation of individual character and fate,family,social conflict,resulting in the destraction of individuality.Key words：realism；Tess tragedy ；social environmentContents
4、IntroductionPart Introduction of Thomas Hardy1.1 Thomas Hardy1.2 Thomas Hardys worksPart About the Tess of DUberville2.1 The backgroud of the novel2.2 A brief introduction of the novelPart The origins of Tesss tragedy3.1 Family and Society Caused Tesss tragedy3.2 Tesss Character Analysis in the Nove
5、lConclusionBibliographyIntroductionTess of DUberville is one of the Thomas Hardy s representative. By telling of the tragic life of Tess- beautiful, pure, good girl, which expressed the moral deep sympathy to the British lower classes, especially rural women. Tess should enjoy the sweet love and a h
6、appy marriage, but it did not, her life is full of rough and bumpy road. Tess is devastated by two men in the mentally and physically, by a lively girl into a secular bias of the victims, and eventually become a killer way to death.In this novel,although Tess experienced many of the unfortunate,she
7、is still honest,kind,uncomplaining.Writer once quoted peoples character is destiny” to explain not only from the subjective factor but also from objective factors. Family,society and Tesss character caused her tragedy. Although the novel has a fatalistic and pessimistic flavor, Hardy is still trying
8、 to tell us the tragedy in the characters and the environment determine the role. Tess of the specific character makes him unable to adapt to her environment - her social existence. So she no doubt by this cruel abuse of a society inelastic and eventually killed by its old customs.PartIntroduction o
9、f Thomas Hardy 1.1 Thomas HardyHardy (1840 1928), British poet and novelist. He is a writer across two centuries, the creation of the early and mid-novel-based, inherit and carry forward the literary tradition of the Victorian era; later years to develop its excellent poetry of the 20th century Brit
10、ish literature. Hardy, June 2, 1840 Born in southwest England, a small village, adjacent to the Great Dorset wilderness, where the natural environment in the future become the main background of Thomas Hardy. His father was a mason, but love music. Hardy parents attached great importance to the cult
11、ural education. Hardy left school in 1856, apprenticed to an architect. London 1862, he served as architectural draftsman, and language studies at London University, began his literary creation. Hardys literary career began in poetry, due to miss published novels to change writing novels. His first
12、novel, Count out of frustration, came in 1871. Famous for is his fourth novel, Away from the Madding Crowd(1874). Since then, he gave up architecture profession, dedicated to novels. 1.2 Thomas Hardys worksHardy wrote a total of nearly 20 novels all of his life,most notably when pushed.Tess of DUber
13、ville, Jude the Obscure,Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge. Verse 8 sets, a total of 918, in addition, there are a lot of “Wessex story”for the general name of the short stories, and the epic drama Kings.Tess (1891) is his best novel, about a girls who was raped by capitalists bad yo
14、ung man Alec Tess, then milking in the dairy when being a worker.Tess fallen in love with the son of a clergyman soon after, and they got marriage.But on the wedding night ,they spoken frankly themselfs past to each other, the result that she was abandoned, and finally she killed Alec, was sentenced
15、 to death by hanging.Hardys works reflects the rural town of capitalism after the British invasion caused by social, economic, political, moral, customs and other aspects of the profound changes and the people (especially women) the tragic fate of the exposed bourgeois morality, law and religious hy
16、pocrisy sex. His works nexus not only inherited the fine British tradition of critical realism, but also for the 20th century English literature opened up the road.Part About the Tess of DUberville2.1 The backgroud of the novelThis story happened in British Industrial Revolution, capitalism graduall
17、y immersed in a large-scale way of doing business in rural areas, the extensive application of modern agricultural machinery to individual farmers gradually poverty bankruptcy, enriching the cruel exploitation of farm laborers. Hardy Crick described by the large milk factory and rich Ge exposed base
18、 of this period the farm is a true portrayal of this mode of production. Tess and her partners, is the rural representative of wage earners, they are to make a living, floating around here for small jobs, where the day laborers, no one stopped, one to the end of the harvest must be dismissed. They s
19、uffered the exploitation and oppression. Tess frequently engage in heavy labor, doing the same work with the male, a person bear the sheaves to the machine to pass the work, simply and machine race, the skin is scratched, out of the blood, or even collapsed to the ground , are not given mercy. Tess
20、and her family to the suffering, it is also at the UK hundreds of thousands of individuals (small security products) farmers into poverty, bankruptcy and injustice. On the sending of this unfortunate family with profound sympathy. It is because of social injustice made her suffer from poverty, humil
21、iation, despair, and so she became a crime, until eventually be deprived of life. Tess of the times and social tragedy. In addition, violence is the direct cause of the tragedy. She is violent, evil forces and maintain their laws, the victims of the state apparatus. The violence, concentrated on beh
22、alf of evil is Alec Tess. Hardy spent most of his life living in the home - Dorset, southern England, most of his novels, including Tess, are living in a time of his selection. Their geographical background, then all over Duoqiesite not from the adjacent and surrounding counties, cities, this area i
23、s agricultural and pastoral areas, so he lives in rural areas of the UK, customs, the struggle for production, etc. have a deeper understanding of . Hardy, a keen and deep insight into things change, and destruction of farmers to capture the evil of capitalism. However, as a thinker, Hardy lack of u
24、nderstanding of the laws of society, therefore, Tesss tragic fate, but also from writers such pessimism of Thomas Hardy.2.2 A brief introduction of the novelTess describes the life of the poor peasant woman happened to Tess. She longed to live by their labor, but in society at that time was repeated
25、ly hit by heavy beads. Tess is still very young, because family poverty, Tess had to go when the female workers were bourgeois dude Alec Tess of the stigma, pregnant, as a loss of a body of woman. She put up with people around the pressure of discrimination and moral prejudice, the child died, she w
26、as working at a dairy farm, met a pastors son, An-chi Klein young college students, soon fall in love with him. Tess about the Clay Unfortunately, their past experience, the full of the hypocrisy of bourgeois ethics bias Klein, did an about-usual attitude, abandoned Tess, so she embarked on the road
27、 more tragic. Tess to another farm labor, more cruel exploitation by the capitalists. Then my father died, the family reduced to the street, dude Alec again plagued her, but she was forced to accommodate him. Kleins sudden return to Tess too finally causing irritation She kills Alec tragedy. she bec
28、ame a murderer, was sentenced to death.Tess oppression is twofold. Can not maintain self-sufficient peasant economy in the conditions, she make a living, had to endure the agricultural capitalist exploitation, and stigmatization by the rich kids. But her dire straits is the moral prejudices of bourg
29、eois society. Klein on behalf of such bias abandoned her, her spirit has been hard hit, lost confidence in life, and finally became a victim of bourgeois morality.Part The origins of Tesss tragedy3.1 Family and Society Caused Tesss tragedyIn the novels beginning, through the worship of the priest dr
30、y mouth, the heroine of Tess of the UK Department of the famous Wu Shishi Middle Ages Tesss familys direct descendants. But her family, started early in the story broken up by six or seven years ago. As writers and issued by emotion in the book as Normans blood, not Victoria dynastys wealth as an ai
31、d, and what of it! dignitaries of origin did not bring any benefits to Tess, her tragedy is Thus began.They are now the farmers and the general difficulties of life Bitter. Her father is a lazy hearts softened, and he not only own, ignoring the others, and too alcoholic. Her mother is just a superfi
32、cial of the laity, not so much a mother as she said she is a big boy. However, the parents of these two incompetent but has seven children. Therefore, the heavy burden of the family will keep pressure on the shoulders of Tess. Tess is so in love with her sisters and brothers that she could not bear
33、to see them live in destitution among. As a result, her fate has been decided that - sooner or later tragedy, but it may be in a different way. In order to show off their so-called elite status, in order to meet the humble vanity, delusion by Tesss parents, claiming kin, marriage approach to enhance
34、 their own status. Although Tess hate the hypocrisy of their parents, despised noble birth, insisting that they are women and farmers, is to live on their own work, but she is the boss at home, parents can make a heavy family burden without premature drop in her body. Her brothers and sisters of her
35、 soulful Ailian Zhao who bear their suffering. Alone in the survival of the old horse horse unfortunately dies, Tess reluctantly ordered the mother to comply with the counterfeit money to defect to his family. Results Hengzao devastated. Vices of the victim and the ritual became a sinner. Later, she
36、 uprooted from their homes for their families, everywhere scoop Park, suffered a lot, when in the dead end. Or for the family, go back to Alec side. Body for the family in their own food and clothing.Second, the era of economic change destroyed the villagers belonging to Tess of the basic living. Th
37、e Industrial Revolution, the British capitalist mode of production gradually in-depth rural areas, the newly invented machine is widely used in making this a little bit of individual farmers reduced to poverty and bankruptcy. In the novel, to make a living, Tess and her girlfriends from Trantridge t
38、o the Blackmoor Valley. From Talbothays to Port-Bredy, and Flint-comb-Ash, has been doing odd jobs around the Zhanzhuan in, because soon after the harvest, they will be fired. Theyve experienced a variety of cruel exploitation and oppression without stint, especially for the hard work always bear in
39、 Tess of the farm. These endless hard work has put her tired out, but she has never been a trace of pity for farmers. In addition, these independent farmers, artisans, and as she was such a man his father farmers rushed to towns and cities, as a means to remove them is to reclaim their houses and la
40、nd. Tess fathers death indicates the end of the lease of their house, so they must leave the world for generations they have lived in the land, leaving the countryside to make a living. Tess and her familys tragic experience is that time thousands of bankrupt farmers through poverty and a microcosm.
41、 Here the family of this unfortunate expression of deep sympathy, at the same time expressed his destroyed thousands of Tess, the evil curse of capitalist society.3.1 Tesss Character Analysis in the NovelConclusionBibliographyThomas Hardy. Tess of the DUrbervillesM.Beijing: Central Compilation & Tra
42、nslation Press,2004.Chenxia. Analysis of the Tragic Mood in “Tess of the DUrbervilles” J.Journal of Renmin University of China (social societies), 1998.Li Jian, Yuanjing. The Reasons of the Tragedy of TessJ. Journal of Daqing Teachers College, 2005.Zhang Xiaodong. Talk about tongue silk tragic certa
43、inty and meaningJ. Journal of Chaohu College, 2004.YuYang. From the Spirit of Revolt of the Tragic View Tess. Beijing: ShangWu Press, 1971.陈焘宇编选：哈代创作论集，北京，中国社会科学出版社，1982.张中载：托马斯哈代思想和创作， 外语教学与研究出版社 ，1987. 霍恩比著.李北达译：牛津高阶汉英双解词典，北京：商务出版社，2002. 张世君：鉴赏,重庆出版社, 1986. 苏联科学院高尔基世界文学研究所编. 英国文学史1870-1955. 北京：人民文学出版社. 1983.欧美古典作家论现实主义和浪漫主义. 中国社会科学出版社. 1980年.秦玲：苔丝悲剧的形成原因. 南阳师范学院. 2005.姚佩芝，董俊峰：德伯家的苔丝哈代综合悲剧观的完美体现. 湖南师范大学社会科学学报. 2003. 杨周翰、吴达之、赵萝蕤：欧洲文学史，人民文学出版社，1979年10 月.
