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1、How to Improve College students Autonomous AbilityChapter One Introduction The 21st century is increasingly becoming an epoch with communication and cooperation, English has become much more important for the contemporary youth, especially for graduates. Presently, college students are paying much a
2、ttention to how to improve their English ability. Thus it seems necessary to train college students autonomous English learning ability.1.1Definitions of Autonomous LearningAs far as autonomous learning concerned, it is very difficult to define it because different educators have different views abo
3、ut it.Though the definitions of autonomous learning mentioned above are various. They all emphases learners should be independent, self-management and take responsibility for their own learning. Because autonomous learning is the ultimate goal of education, so training college students autonomous le
4、arning ability has been a heated topic in recent years. As the Chinese saying goes,” If you give a man a fish, you feed him for a day. If you teach a man to fish, you feed him for a lifetime.” Thus it seems necessary to foster students autonomous learning ability.1.2Necessity of Autonomous Learning1
5、.2.1The Current Situation Needs Some educationalists believe that learning how to learn is the most basic and important objective of education. Since the present epoch is one with an explosion of knowledge and information, it is more essential than ever for college students to master the basic learn
6、ing skills. However, at present, there exist lots of deficiencies in college English teaching in China. On the one hand, the traditional teacher-centered approach cannot arouse students passion and motivation. On the other hand, most college students are not good at English and their basic knowledge
7、 is weak. They cannot learn independently and autonomously. Thus it becomes necessary to train college students autonomous learning ability.1.2.2Teaching and Learning Needs Language learning is an active and dynamic process, learners adopt different strategies to possess the information, supervise t
8、heir own learning process during language learning. Language learning itself is a kind of behavior with purpose. The real purpose of language learning is not for the mastery of language knowledge, but for expressing their ideas skillfully and completing all kinds of tasks. The purpose of language le
9、arning can also be called autonomous. So it is necessary for college students to raise the ability of autonomous learning.1.2.3Learning Efficiency Needs In classroom teaching, autonomous learning is very important, autonomous learning is necessary for enhancing the learning efficiency. Students need
10、 not only to be clear about their goals, listen to teachers carefully, but also to participate in classroom activities actively. However, the classroom teaching is limited, students cannot master knowledge and raise their ability only through the simple classroom teaching. So students should have th
11、e ability to learn independently, control and regulate.Chapter Two The Current Situations 2.1Learning English PassivelyMost college students cannot organize their projects and manage process after classes. Few of them prepare lessons carefully before classes. In addition, most learners are learning
12、English passively, completing tasks passively. They want to learn English through English classes, they spend much time on reciting texts, remembering words. Thus it can be seen that, most students methods are not practicable.2.2Following the Traditional Teacher-centered ApproachWith entering the in
13、formation age, more and more attentions are paid increasingly to the teacher-centered and student-centered approach, and which is more reasonable in teaching? There is arousing fierce debate. The traditional teacher-centered approach has lots of disadvantages. It ignore learners creative and partici
14、patory role in the teaching mode and inefficiency of teaching.2.2.1Emphasis on ExaminationIn traditional teacher-centered approach, teachers always emphases on examination. They teach students knowledge so that students can get high marks in examination, no matter they really master knowledge or not
15、. As students, we regularly deal with exams. These exams are designed to make us study hard, but do they really work that way? I dont think so, many students I know they just study for exams, not for knowledge. Before the exams they would memorize everything the teachers said to be important without
16、 really understanding the true meaning behind it, so they may get good scores on the exams, but they will forget very soon. That is learning without understanding. They really dont know autonomous learning at all.2.2.2Lack of CommunicationThe teacher-centered approach mode is rigid, teachers have su
17、preme power, all the students should listen to them. The relationship between teachers and students are cool, they cannot communicate with each other harmonious and equally.2.2.3Lack of Concerning About Students NeedsIn traditional teacher-centered approach, teachers get used to be a leader. They fo
18、rce their students to adapt and neglect what students needs, this makes their teaching inefficient and students learn little.2.3 Lacking a Sense of Learning AutonomyIn language learning, students always think that their teachers, parents and some other outer conditions should take the responsibility
19、 for their learning, the purpose of learning is to repay their parents, they cannot really raise a sense of learning autonomy.Chapter Three Solutions to Problems3.1 Arising Students Learning MotivationMotivation is the essential characteristic of autonomous learning. Autonomous learning is different
20、 from passive learning. Learners autonomous is based on the inner requirement for study. They should organize their projects and manage process after classes and prepare lessons carefully before classes. In order to study autonomously, learners should be greatly motivated. Once learners are interest
21、ed in learning, they will be more eager to learn and love to learn than ever before. Meanwhile, their learning efficiency will increase greatly. They will take part in learning actively. As a learner, his most important thing is to learn. If learners cannot realize the responsibility for learning, t
22、hey can hardly learn autonomously and motively. As a teacher, he needs to help students to establish self-confidence and optimistic expectation. Teachers can create a harmonious and cheerful classroom atmosphere to make students feel safe and intolerant. Whats more, teachers can help students set a
23、suitable goal for learning. In classroom teaching, teachers should try to make the learning tasks enjoyable and interesting so that students may be interested in them. Besides, praising is also an effective way to arise students motivation.3.2 Following the Learner-centered ApproachLearner-centered
24、approach promotes new relationships between teachers and learners and encourages autonomous study in English learning. Students are the main body in the new approach rather than the passive recipient in the traditional approach. A teacher in the learner-centered English language class is basically a
25、 facilitator of learning. He should not only have enormous professional knowledge, but also should grasp appropriate teaching approach and have ability to encourage learning. The learner-centered approach is beneficial for the development of both teachers and students , for the whole language teachi
26、ng process and for the perfection of the current test evaluation system in China.3.2.1 Stressing Learning AbilityThe society where we are living today is developing very fast. Every day we face new things, new situations and changes. To adapt to the quickly changeable circumstances, people have to g
27、et rid of a lot of information. Thus it seems not enough for students to depend on school education only and many examinations and high scores cannot help students to keep pace with this new world. Learning ability becomes more important for people to improve themselves consistently. Like English la
28、nguage learning, leaving school does not mean the end of English language learning, but mean the beginning of a further autonomous English learning. No matter teachers or students should pay much more attention to English learning ability not high scores on examination. In learner-centered approach,
29、 teachers emphases on improving students learning ability and creative thinking. They require students to select learning resources, method and time by themselves. Students should have responsibility for their learning without the control of their teachers. This learner-centered approach is superior
30、 to the traditional teacher-centered approach.3.2.2 Establishing a Harmonious RelationshipThe relationship between teachers and students is one of the most important aspects in English learning. Nowadays, teachers should not only act as students teachers, but also as their friends to create a democr
31、atic and harmonious relationship. Firstly, every student has his own dignity and rights especially college students, they have their own minds, feelings and needs, so teachers should try their best to respect every student in order to create a democratic and harmonious relationship. Only if students
32、 are respected can they feel the equality between teachers and students, and the existence of their dignity. Then they will have motivation to study hard. For this reason, teachers should have the awareness of democratic teaching, treat students as whole human beings as well as respect their wills,
33、rights. Secondly, teachers should treat their students sincerely and love them dearly. As a teacher, he has duty to love and take care of his students, just like his own children. Whats more, students will pay off teachers sincerity and respect their teacher during the whole life. So this relationsh
34、ip between teacher and students is harmonious and equally. This is also what student-centered approach emphases on.3.2.3 Concerning Deep About Students NeedsIn classroom, teachers should know their students needs and interests, their likes and dislikes, their strengths and weaknesses. They are not a
35、ny textbook writers. If textbooks are not suitable to an individual teaching situation, teachers should find ways to use the textbooks in order to meet students needs, so they will change other suitable books or find other useful textbooks. In addition, teachers need to help students form a good beh
36、avior and develop an awareness of learning styles. So strengthening concern about students needs is very important.3.3 Raising a Sense of Learning AutonomyThe sense of learning autonomy is the essential mind for autonomous learning. Without the sense of learn autonomy, autonomous learning will be ju
37、st like water without source. Establishing a sense of learning autonomy means that students should realize very clearly that it is they themselves not their teachers or parents who should take the responsibility for the learning. They should raise a sense of learn autonomy in the following three par
38、ts. First of all, students must eliminate the psychological dependence. In language learning, most students have been used to depending on their teachers, their parents and some other outer conditions. They never study or learn by themselves, so that many college students cant learn autonomy without
39、 teachers. The students who know how to learning autonomy organize their projects and decide or manage process to be made on them，they borrow useful books from library, they recite English words, phrase and beautiful articles then used in their own study. They practice their oral English and grasp e
40、very opportunity to practice, then their English level improves fast. These all attribute to psychological independence in autonomous learning. If students do not eliminate the psychological dependence and still depend on others in learning, they will never establish the sense of learning autonomy a
41、ctually.Secondly, students must treat learning as their psychological needs. Only if students achieve their goals can they raise their responsibility for learning. No matter what people want to do they should have psychological needs firstly, then they will pursue their needs and goals, so they have
42、 motivation. In language learning, students should have psychological needs, then they will raise a sense of learning autonomy. They will never consider learning as a requirement and responsibility of teachers and parents and the purpose of learning is to repay their parents.Thirdly, students should
43、 have confidence in learning autonomy. Confidence plays an important role in raising a sense of learning autonomy. We all know that learning English have four parts: speaking, listening, reading and writing. In these four parts, speaking needs more confidence than others. Many students are too shy t
44、o speak in public, because they have no confidence, gradually they lose their confidence in learning English. Moreover, many students give up learning English let alone learning autonomy. Therefore, in order to raise a sense of learning autonomy. Students must have full confidence in learning.3.4 Cr
45、eating a Good Environment for English LearningA good language environment is very important for English learning. It can help to strengthen students confidence in learning. On schools parts, they need to equip themselves with more modern teaching facilities to help train students autonomous English
46、learning ability. On students part, they should make good use of good environment to raise their learning efficiency and autonomous learning ability. If we have a good language environment, it is better for us to study English. So building a good environment for English learning is very necessary fo
47、r autonomous learning.Chapter Four ConclutionEnglish is regarded as one of the most important second language in China. Training college students autonomous English learning ability becomes an important and urgent task for both teachers and students. However, it has been discovered the most college
48、students havent got into the habit of learning independently. They play a passive role in English language learning and depend too much on their teachers. Teachers teaching can make students understand but cannot help them to cultivate their ability of applying the knowledge to dealing with problems
49、 smoothly. Therefore, to fulfill the purpose of English teaching, the traditional teacher-centered approach should be reformed by learner-centered approach. In English learning, students should learn and practice with purpose, plans and requirements under the teachers guidance. As a result, the more they learn, the more they love learning. Students intellectual ability especially learning ability and practical ability and autono
