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1、电机使用说明书OperatingManual概述本说明书适用于我公司生产的YX3、YET、Y2、YVP、YD系列低压三相异步电动机及其派生系列产品OverviewThemanualservesYX3、YET、Y2、YVP、YDSerieslowvoltageasynchronousmotorsanditsderivativeproductsaswell.开始使用Puttingintouse(starting)收货检查Receptioncheck收到电机后立即检查是否有损坏，如发现请立即拨打电话：0086-21-6463-1777，或发传真至0086-21-6463-7180，检查铭牌数据特别是
2、额定电压、接线方式（星形或三角形）是否与合同订货要求相符，用手转动电机轴检查轴转动是否灵活。Immediatelycheckthemotorforexternaldamageuponreceiptandiffound,pleaseinformusbytelephoneorfaxwithoutdelay(Tel:0086-21-6463-1777,Fax:0086-21-6463-7180).Checkallratingplatedata,especiallyvoltageandwindingconnection(starordelta).Turnshaftbyhandtocheckforfre
3、erotation.绝缘电阻检查Insulationresistancecheck在电机调试前或怀疑线圈受潮时要测量电机的绝缘电阻，在25时的绝缘电阻值应超过以下表达式的值，表达式中：Measurethemotorsinsulationresistancebeforecommissioningorwhenwindingdampnessissuspected.insulationResistance,measuredat25C,shallexceedthefollowingreferencevalue,i.e.where：100P1000+R=UR：单位兆欧（用500V绝缘电阻表测量）U表示电压
4、，单位VP表示功率，单位kWR:M(measuredwith500VdcMegger)U=voltage,Volts;P=outputpower,kW.警告：测量完绝缘电阻后应立即将测量线从电机上断开，以免线圈再次受到高电压冲击。环境温度每升高20，绝缘电阻将降低一半，如果绝缘电阻值达不到计算值，表明线圈已经受潮需进行烘干处理。先在90温度下烘12-16小时再在105下烘6-8小时。WARNINGWindingsshouldbedischargedimmediatelyaftermeasurementtoavoidriskforelectricshock.Insulationresistanc
5、ereferencevalueishalvedforeach20Criseinambienttemperature.Ifthereferenceresistancevalueisnotattained,thewindingistoodampandmustbeovendried.Oventemperatureshouldbe90Cfor12-16hoursfollowedby105Cfor6-8hours.电机启动Motorstarting单速电机启动（直接或Y/启动）标准单速三相异步电动机的出线盒内有6个接线头和至少1个接地接头，接地须根据操作规程在电机接上电源前进行，接线方式和电压应根据接线
6、指示牌及铭牌指示。Startofsinglespeedmotor(Direct-on-lineorstar/deltastarting)Theterminalboxonstandardsinglespeedmotorsnormallycontains6windingterminalsandatleastoneearthterminal.Earthingshallbecarriedoutaccordingtolocalregulationsbeforethemachineisconnectedtothepowersupply.Thevoltageandconnectionarestampedon
7、thenameplate.出线与旋转方向电机的旋转方向：当相序为L1、L2、L3时，在电机拖动端面对轴伸视为顺时针旋转。如要改变转向，只需改变任意两根电源电缆的相序，如果单向旋转的电机，需检查电机转向是否与指示牌上的方向一致。（接线应严格按照接线盒中示意图）TerminalsanddirectionofrotationDirectionofrotationisclockwisewhenviewingtheshaftfaceatthemotordriveend,whenthelinephasesequenceL1,L2,L3isconnectedtotheterminalsasshowninth
8、efigure.Toalterthedirectionofrotation,interchangetheconnectionofanytwo-linecables.Fortheunidirectionalmotor,checkthatthedirectionofrotationisaccordingtothearrowmarkedonthedirectionboard.（Theterminalsshallbeconnectedinstrictaccordancewiththeterminalboxdrawing.）多速电机启动多速电机一般应低速档启动后切换到高速，对多套绕组的变速电机在不同转速
9、档切换时，应在一绕组断电后才能向另一绕组送电。Start-upofmulti-speedmotorThemultispeedmotorshouldstartatlow-speedthenshiftedtohigh-speed.Formultispeedmotorsthatwithmanyseparatewindingsthespeedshiftshallbefulfilledwhenonewindinghastobelostpower.示意图1:定速电机（/Y）Fig1:Fixedmotor（/Y）应为U1V1W1U2V2W2示意图2：单绕组双速（/YY）Fig2:Single-winding
10、doublespeed示意图3:单绕组双速（Y/YY）Fig3:Single-windingdoublespeed示意图4：双绕组双速（Y/Y）Fig4:Double-windingdoublespeed变频电机启动变频电机启动时，电机冷却风机也必须同时启动。冷却风机应接工频电源，其转向必须与风机外壳上的指示矢方向一致.VVVF变频器可以转矩提升以提高启动转矩，提升电压的幅度应不大于10%，且起动电流不大于额定电流的1.5倍。变频器的开关频率设置应不小于1.5kHz。Start-upofvariablefrequencymotorWhenthevariablefrequencymotorsta
11、rts,thecoolingblowershallstartssimultaneously.Thecoolingblowermustbeconnectedtothepowerfrequencysupply,andtherotatingdirectionshallbeasspecifiedinthenameplateofblower.Adjustthevalueofv/f,themotorcanobtaindifferentstartperformance,butifovercompensateofvoltagewillcauseoverload.使用运行条件电机是用来驱动其他机械，通常环境温度
12、为-25C到+40C，海拔高度为1000米以下。（当环境温度与海拔高度不符合上述规定时，铭牌上会注明）UseOperatingconditionsThemotorsareintendedforuseinindustrialdriveapplications.Normalambienttemperaturelimits-25Cto+40C.Maximumaltitude1000mabovesealevel.Whenambienttemperatureandaltitudearenotsameastherequirementsaidabove,thespecialnotewillbeshowedo
13、nthenameplate.处理储存所有电机应储存于干燥,通风以及干净的室内，裸露的表面如轴伸和法兰面应涂以防锈脂。建议定期用手转动电机轴，以免润滑脂流掉，带有加热器的应接通加热器。HandlingStorageAllmotorsshouldbestoredindoors,indry,wellventilationanddustfreeconditions.Unprotectedmachinedsurfaces(shaft-endsandflanges)shouldbegivenanti-corrosioncoatings.Itisrecommendedthatshaftsberotatedp
14、eriodicallybyhandtopreventgreasemigration.Anticondensationheaters,iffitted,shouldpreferablybeenergized.3.4储存超过一年的，须检查润滑脂，如润滑脂已变质干涸或弄脏，应先用煤油清洗，然后用汽油清洗轴承后再加入新的润滑脂。每个轴承应加新脂的重量W可参考如下公式：W=DB/K（g）式中：D为轴承外径（mm），B为轴承宽度（mm）系数K=100200按工作状况选取。（工作状况恶劣应取较大值）。一般情况，2极电机加润滑脂量为轴承室空腔容积的1/2，4极以上为轴承室的2/3。3.4Storageover
15、oneyear:Thecheckshouldbemadeforgrease,ifitisdriedordirty,itshouldbewashedbykerosenefirst,thengasoline,thenputnewgreaseonbearings.Theweightofthegreaseaddedcanbesetbythefollowingformula:W=DB/K（g）D:ODofthebearing（mm）,B:Widthofthebearing（mm）K:100-200basedonworkconditions.Ingeneral,thegreaseshouldbefille
16、dinto1/2ofbearingroomfor2polesmotor,and2/3for4polesandabove.安装基础买方要准备好电机的基础，金属结构的基础应涂以防锈漆防止被腐蚀。电机基础应平整，并有足够的刚度承受突然短路产生的应力，要计算其尺寸以避免因共振引起基础振动。InstallationFoundationThepurchaserbearsfullresponsibilityforpreparationofthefoundation.Metalfoundationsshouldbepaintedtoavoidcorrosion.Foundationsshallbeeven,a
17、ndsufficientlyrigidtowithstandpossibleshortcircuitforces.Theyshallbedimensionedastoavoidtheoccurrenceofvibrationduetoresonance.联接电动机可以用联轴器、正齿轮及皮带轮传动，对于功率大转速较高的电动机应尽量避免采用皮带传动方式，如必须采用皮带传动方式的应在订货时注明，皮带传动时应防止预拉力过大发生断轴。联轴器、正齿轮及皮带轮安装时应采用热套方法，严禁重力敲击方法冷装传动件。校正中心校正电机安装中心有利于避免轴承发生故障、振动和可能发生的轴伸断裂事故。采用联轴器传动时，通常
18、两联轴器的水平偏差不大于0.050.1mm，轴向偏差不大于0.1mm。采用皮带传动时，要求皮带轮轴向中心与电机轴伸的轴向中心重合，且皮带中心线与轴中心线垂直。AlignmentCorrectalignmentisessentialtoavoidbearingfailures,vibrationsandpossiblefracturedshaftextensions.接线通常出线盒在电机的顶部，还有其他位置可供样本选择（在电机拖动端面对轴伸视）。除了绕组和接地，出线盒还可以接停机加热器、双金属温度开关或PT100测温元件等。ConnectionThenormalmotordesigniswith
19、terminalboxonthetop,whenviewingtheshaftatthemotordriveend.Availabilityofthesesolutionsisdescribedintheproductcatalogues.Besidesthemainwindingandearthingterminals，theterminalboxcanalsocontainconnectionsforstandstillheatingelements,bimetallicswitches,orPT100resistanceelements.装配与拆卸概述装配与拆卸工作必须有资格的专业人员使
20、用专用工具和合适的工作方法来进行。并参考电机总装标准图。AssemblyanddismantlingGeneralDismantlingandassemblyofmotorsmustbecarriedoutbyqualifiedpersonnelusingonlysuitabletoolsandworkingmethodsandrefertothemotorassemblystandarddrawings.轴承拆卸轴承时必须特别注意，应该使用轴承拉脚并加热或使用专用工具。BearingsSpecialcareshallbetakenwiththebearings.Bearingsshallbe
21、removedusingpullersandfittedbyheatingortheuseofspecializedtoolsforthepurpose.平衡电机出厂前已经进行了转子动平衡BalancingTherotorofthemotorisdynamicallybalanced.维护与更换润滑油一般检查-在计划停机时检查-保持电机清洁，确保良好通风-检查轴承密封状态，如有必要即进行更换。-检查各连接、地脚及装配螺栓。-通过听声音、测量振动、轴承温度以及检查润滑油是否过期来检测轴承的状态。MaintenanceandlubricationGeneralinspection-Inspectt
22、hemachineatregularintervals.-Keepthemachinecleanandensurefreeventilationair-flow.-Checktheconditionofshaftsealsandreplaceifnecessary.-Checktheconditionofconnectionsandmountingandassemblybolts.-Checkthebearingconditionbylisteningforunusualnoise,vibrationmeasurement,bearingtemperature,inspectionofspen
23、tgrease.更换润滑油装有密封轴承的电机中心高在160mm以下的电机装有密封轴承，装有密封轴承的电机在运行期间不必加油。LubricationMotorswithsealedbearingsMotorswhichthecenterheightislessthan160mmarenormallyfittedwithsealedbearings.Itdoesntneedregreasedduringoperation带加油口的电机中心高180355的电机轴承通常配有加油口，可以在电机运行时加润滑脂。一般勤加脂，每次加少量。MotorsfittedwithgreasenipplesMotorsw
24、ithcenterheightfrom180to355mmisnormallyfittedwithgreasenipples.Lubricateitbygreasefrequentlywhilerunning,butoncealittle.更换润滑脂时间间隔如下：Guidelinesforre-greasingintervalsareasbelow:电机中心高mm补充润滑脂量（克g）电机转速r/min300015001000500-900轴承补充润滑脂时间间隔180203500550065008500200,225253100500060007000250,280352000500060007
25、000315502000300035004500355601000200030004000CenterlineHeightmmAmountofgrease(g)Speedr/min300015001000500-900BearingsLubricationintervalsindutyhours180203500550065008500200,225253100500060007000250,280352000500060007000315502000300035004500355601000200030004000表格中的数据适合于卧式安装的电机，对于立式安装的电机，其时间间隔为相应表格中的
26、一半，如果按照上述时间间隔加油，加油量可以参照表格内的数据。如果电机装有放油孔，更换润滑油时要等到原来的油全部被挤出后才算完成。对于使用于较高环境温度及轴承温度达80以上，则应相应缩短加油时间。Thetableispreparedforhorizontallymountedmotors.Lubricationintervalsforverticalmotorsarehalfoftheabovevalues.Thegreaseamountinthetableisusedifaccordingtotheregularintervalsasabove.Asanalternative,whenthem
27、achineisfittedwithgreaseescapevalves,freshgreasemaybepressedintothebearingsuntiltheoldgreaseistotallyreplaced.Themotor,whichisrunningunderhighambienttemperatureorthebearingtemperatureismorethan80C,shouldshortenthere-greasingintervalscorrespondingly.故障分析及处理Troubleshooting电气故障见表1。Normalelectricalfailu
28、re,seetable1.表1Table1ACannotbestartedBHardtoaccelerateCAbnormalnoise(buzz)whenstartingDAbnormalnoise(buzz)whenrunningEDoublefrequencyslipbuzznoiseFOverheatwithoutloadingGOverheatwithloadingHOverheatforindividualwindingA电机起动失灵B电机加速困难C起动时发嗡嗡声D运行中发嗡嗡声E双倍频转差嗡嗡声F无载运行时温度过高G有载绕组运行时温度过高H个别绕组截面过热可能出现的原因Possi
29、blecause处理方法Treatment过载Overload降低负载Reduceload一相电源断路Opencircuitofonephase检查配电设备和馈电电路Checkpowersupplycircuitandcontrollerswitchingequipment.接通后一相电源开路Opencircuitofonephaseafterpoweron改善供电系统条件Correctthepowersupplysystem(单元格问题)电源网电压低，或频率高Networkvoltagetoolow,orfrequencytoohigh电源网电压高，或频率低Networkvoltagetoo
30、high,orfrequencytoolow定子绕组联接错误Statorwindingwrongconnection改正绕组的联接Correcttheconnectionofwinding定子绕组匝间或相间短路Statorwindinginterturnorphaseshortcircuit检查绕组的绝缘电阻，询问制造公司后修理Checkwindingsinsulationresistanceandrepairafterinquiringaboutthemanufacturer鼠笼导条细条、断条Thincageconductingbarbroken询问制造公司后修理Repairafterinq
31、uiringaboutthemanufacturer变频电源谐波所致Causedbyharmonicofinverterpowersupply询问变频器厂商Inquiringtheinvertermanufacturer机械故障见表2。Normalmechanicaltroubles,seetable2.表2Table2AFrictionalnoiseBOverheatCOverrunoutinradiusDOverrunoutinaxis机械故障Mechanicalfailure故障产生的原因Possiblecause处理的方法TreatmentA摩擦噪声B温度过高C径向跳动D轴向跳动风路受
32、阻，旋转方向不对Poorventilation,orwrongrotation检查风道，调换转向CheckventilationductandCorrectit转动零件受到磨擦Movingpartswornout查明原因，重新找正Checkandcorrectit转子不平衡Rotorimbalance卸下转子，重新找正Disassemblytherotorandcorrectit耦合机械不平衡Couplerimbalance重新平衡耦合机械Correctit转子部分不正，轴弯曲Rotorproblem,orbending和制造厂研究决定Callfactory装配和调整不当Incorrectas
33、semblyandadjustment查明原因，重新校正电机，检查耦合件Checkandrecalibratemotor,andcheckcoupler传动机构的干扰Interferenceofdrivemechanism检查传动机构Checkandcorrectit地基振动Foundationvibration加固基础Reinforcefoundation.地基变形Foundationdistortion查清原因，重新调整电机Findoutthereasonandreadjustmotor来自耦合机械的冲击Impactfromcoupledmechanical检查耦合机械Checkcoupl
34、edmechanical过载Overload减低负载Reduceload轴承故障见表3Normalbearingtroubles,seetable3表3Table3AOverheatBWithsquealnoiseCWithknocknoise轴承故障现象Bearingtrouble故障产生的原因Possiblecause故障处理方法TreatmentA轴承过热B轴承有尖叫声C轴承有磕碰声滚珠（柱）的油膜耗尽，润滑中断Nogrease补充润滑脂Refillit.联轴器传来的应力Stressfromcoupler调整电机的同心度Adjustmotorconcentricity轴承弄脏或润滑脂过多
35、Dirty,orovergreased清理或更换润滑脂，检查密封零件Cleanorreplacegreaseandchecksealpart内盖研轴或润滑方法不当Innercovercontactshaft,orwronglubrication停机修理，检查轴承或润滑，按说明书润滑Stopandcheckbearingorlubrication,andlubricateaccordingtotheinstructions轴承安装不正Wrongbearinginstallation检查装配情况是否正确，调整安装Checkinstallationandcorrectit.轴承游隙太小Toosmal
36、lbacklashbearing换大游隙轴承Changeabearingwithbigbacklash轴承游隙过大Toobigbacklashbearing换小游隙轴承Changeabearingwithsmallbacklash进油温度高、油量小、压力小Inletoilwithhighertemp,lessquantityandpressure.检查油路系统，使其达到说明书要求Checktheoil-wayandcorrectittomeetinstructionsrequirement轴承磨损Bearingwornout换新轴承，停机状态避免振动Replacenewbearing,avoidvibrationindownstate轴承腐蚀Bearingcorrosion换新轴承，检查密封状态Replacenewbearing,andchecksealing皮带压力过大Overhighpressureonbelt减小皮带的压力Reducebeltspressure环境温度高于40Ambienttemperatureover40采用耐高温润滑脂Useheatresistinggrease电磁中心不对齐Wrongelectromagneticcenter调整铁心位置Adjustmotorcoresposition
