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1、五、情态动词与虚拟语气,考点1情态动词一、9大情态动词的基本用法1.can/could(1)表示能力(could常用于表示过去的能力)*Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find enough money.,(2)表示理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”(用在肯定句中)*Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience,but they can lead to problems.,(3)表示请求和允许,口语中常用could代替can(could用来表示现在,用以委婉地
2、提出请求等,但回答时必须用can)*Could I use your phone,please?,2.may/might表示请求、允许、许可,might比may的语气更委婉*May I ask if you are fond of travelling by sea?,3.must(1)表示“必须;应该”*We must put the peoples interests above all else.(2)表示“偏要,硬要”*If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over.,4.shall(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方
3、的意见*Shall the driver wait outside?,(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;此外,表示法律、条文中规定“必须”时也用shall*I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.*It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.,5.should(1)表示劝告和建议,作“应该”讲*Why shouldnt we
4、buy the lady a flower?It will make her feel better.(2)表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”*It is surprising that you should not know it.,(3)用在if条件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能*If you should fail to come,ask Mr Smith to work in your place.,6.will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿*We will never allow anyone,any organization or any political par
5、ty,at any time or in any form,to separate any part of Chinese territory from China.,(2)表示“请求;建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些*Will/Would you please keep the door open?(3)表示习惯,will可以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would*He would get up early when he lived in the country.,(4)表示事物的某种性质和倾向,或按规律“注定会”*Wearing proper c
6、lothes is important too,for locals will judge you by what you wear.,7.need表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中*Its quite warm here;we neednt turn the heating on yet.,8.dare表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”*Are you coming with me?I cant,Alice.I darent.,9.ought to表示义务,意为“应当”,语气比sh
7、ould强。*You ought not to be so selfish.,【点津】易混词(组)用法比较,二、情态动词的推测用法,三、“情态动词+have done”的用法1.对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,*Looking at the large empty apartment,I began to be aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.*The boy might have known the truth,but I am not quite sure.*You cant have seen
8、him just now.He has been abroad for nearly a month.,2.表示“与过去事实相反”,*He could have gone on regretting it,as too many of us do.*You neednt have worked that late last night.It was harmful to your health.*You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.*You might have given him more help,though you w
9、ere very busy then.,【题组训练】用适当的情态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)1.You _ have told Jim anything about it.It was none of his business.2.It was really annoying;I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.,neednt,couldnt,3.You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.4.Mr White _ have arrived at
10、8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.5.Mummy,I climbed to get the teddy bear from the top of the shelf.My goodness!You _ have hurt yourself.,must,should,might,考点2 虚拟语气一、状语从句中虚拟语气的用法(一)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1.虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用,*If my brother were here,everything would be all right.*If it should rain this af
11、ternoon,the basketball match would be put off.*If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exam.,2.虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装;若为否定形式,not不可提前。*Had he caught the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.,3.错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与
12、主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。*If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(if条件句是对过去的虚拟,而主句是对现在的虚拟。),4.含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达,而是用but for,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。*We wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.,(2)用otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引
13、出后文的虚拟语气。*My parents lent me the money.Otherwise,I couldnt have afforded the trip.,(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。*I would have taken part in the sports meeting,but I was ill that day.,(二)目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法for fear that/in case+从句:从句谓语用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。*We got up early for fear that we should
14、miss the early bus.,(三)方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法as if/as though+从句:(1)与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时;(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时;(3)与将来事实相反,从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。*She speaks English as if/as though she were a native of New York.,【点津】as if/as though引导的从句表示很有可能的事实时,不需用虚拟语气。,二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气在“It is+important/necessary/
15、natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity+that.”句型中,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。*Its vital that we(should)take our safety driving along the road seriously.,2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作,从句用一般过去时;如果表示过去发生的动作,从句用过去完成时。*Id rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before
16、yesterday.要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。,(2)表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。坚持:insist;命令:order,command;建议:advise,suggest,propose,recommend;要求:request,require,demand,ask。*He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.,【点津】suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。*The smile on his face suggested that he was sa
17、tisfied with our work.insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。*The man insisted that he had never stolen money.,(3)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气,*I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.*I wish(that)I had met that scientist yesterday.,3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词
18、后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“(should+)动词原形”。*He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained.,(2)as if,as though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。*She looks as if nothing had happened to her.,【点津】如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。*It sounds as if it is raining.,4.定语从句中的虚拟语气Its(about/
19、high)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should不能省略),意为“某人该做某事了”。*It is high time that we should start out.,【题组训练】单句语法填空1.I wish I _(have)a chance to talk with you about my writing before you left.世纪金榜导学号790602292.He talked as if he _(pass)the College Entrance Exam.,had had,had passed,3.He insi
20、sted that she _(be)seriously ill and that she _(send)to hospital at once.4.You were too careless in the exam.Otherwise,you _(pass)it.,was,(should)be sent,would have passed,.语法填空解题技法【考题在线】1.My teacher suggested that we _(read)more if we want to improve our English,so every day I would do some English
21、 reading.2.The only thing that I _(do)was that I wished her a long life.世纪金榜导学号79060230,(should)read,could do,【技法点拨】1.若句中谓语动词为原形,在其前设纯空格题时,注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。,2.一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语,就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态,除了if虚拟条件句,还应注意虚拟语气的标志词,如suggest,would rather,as if,wish,otherwise,or,but for等。,.短文
22、改错解题技法【考题在线】1.(2016全国卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.()2.(2015四川高考)If you are me,would you talk to them?()3.(2015全国卷)We must found ways to protect our environment.(),canshould或去掉can,arewere,foundfind,【技法点拨】做此类改错题时,需要注意以下两个方面:1.看句中情态动词是否运用正确;2.看是否考查虚拟语气。若是考查虚拟语气,注意分清主
23、句与分句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。,小魔方站作品 盗版必究,语文,更多精彩内容,微信扫描二维码获取,扫描二维码获取更多资源,谢谢您下载使用!,附赠 中高考状元学习方法,群星璀璨,-近几年全国高考状元荟萃,前 言,高考状元是一个特殊的群体,在许多人的眼中,他们就如浩瀚宇宙里璀璨夺目的星星那样遥不可及。但实际上他们和我们每一个同学都一样平凡而普通,但他们有是不平凡不普通的,他们的不平凡之处就是在学习方面有一些独到的个性,又有着一些共性,而这些对在校的同学尤其是将参加高考的同学都有一定的借鉴意义。,青春风采,青春风采,北京市文科状元 阳光女孩-何旋,高考总分:692分(含20分加
24、分)语文131分 数学145分英语141分 文综255分毕业学校:北京二中报考高校:北京大学光华管理学院,来自北京二中,高考成绩672分,还有20分加分。“何旋给人最深的印象就是她的笑声,远远的就能听见她的笑声。”班主任吴京梅说,何旋是个阳光女孩。“她是学校的摄影记者,非常外向,如果加上20分的加分,她的成绩应该是692。”吴老师说,何旋考出好成绩的秘诀是心态好。“她很自信,也很有爱心。考试结束后,她还问我怎么给边远地区的学校捐书”。,班主任:我觉得何旋今天取得这样的成绩,我觉得,很重要的是,何旋是土生土长的北京二中的学生,二中的教育理念是综合培养学生的素质和能力。我觉得何旋,她取得今天这么好
25、的成绩,一个来源于她的扎实的学习上的基础,还有一个非常重要的,我觉得特别想提的,何旋是一个特别充满自信,充满阳光的这样一个女孩子。在我印象当中,何旋是一个最爱笑的,而且她的笑特别感染人的。所以我觉得她很阳光,而且充满自信,这是她突出的这样一个特点。所以我觉得,这是她今天取得好成绩当中,心理素质非常好,是非常重要的。,高考总分:711分毕业学校:北京八中语文139分 数学140分英语141分 理综291分报考高校:北京大学光华管理学院,北京市理科状元杨蕙心,班主任 孙烨:杨蕙心是一个目标高远的学生,而且具有很好的学习品质。学习效率高是杨蕙心的一大特点,一般同学两三个小时才能完成的作业,她一个小时
26、就能完成。杨蕙心分析问题的能力很强,这一点在平常的考试中可以体现。每当杨蕙心在某科考试中出现了问题,她能很快找到问题的原因,并马上拿出解决办法。,孙老师说,杨蕙心学习效率很高,认真执行老师的复习要求,往往一个小时能完成别人两三个小时的作业量,而且计划性强,善于自我调节。此外,学校还有一群与她实力相当的同学,他们经常在一起切磋、交流,形成一种良性的竞争氛围。谈起自己的高考心得,杨蕙心说出了“听话”两个字。她认为在高三冲刺阶段一定要跟随老师的脚步。“老师介绍的都是多年积累的学习方法,肯定是最有益的。”高三紧张的学习中,她常做的事情就是告诫自己要坚持,不能因为一次考试成绩就否定自己。高三的几次模拟考
27、试中,她的成绩一直稳定在年级前5名左右。,上海2006高考理科状元-武亦文,武亦文 格致中学理科班学生 班级职务:学习委员 高考志愿:复旦经济 高考成绩:语文127分 数学142分 英语144分 物理145分 综合27分 总分585分,“一分也不能少”,“我坚持做好每天的预习、复习,每天放学回家看半小时报纸,晚上10:30休息,感觉很轻松地度过了三年高中学习。”当得知自己的高考成绩后,格致中学的武亦文遗憾地说道,“平时模拟考试时,自己总有一门满分,这次高考却没有出现,有些遗憾。”,坚持做好每个学习步骤 武亦文的高考高分来自于她日常严谨的学习态度,坚持认真做好每天的预习、复习。“高中三年,从来没
28、有熬夜,上课跟着老师走,保证课堂效率。”武亦文介绍,“班主任王老师对我的成长起了很大引导作用,王老师办事很认真,凡事都会投入自己所有精力,看重做事的过程而不重结果。每当学生没有取得好结果,王老师也会淡然一笑,鼓励学生注重学习的过程。”,上海高考文科状元-常方舟,曹杨二中高三(14)班学生 班级职务:学习委员 高考志愿:北京 大学中文系高考成绩:语文121分数学146分 英语146分历史134分 综合28分总分575分(另有附加分10分),“我对竞赛题一样发怵”,总结自己的成功经验,常方舟认为学习的高效率是最重要因素,“高中三年,我每天晚上都是10:30休息,这个生活习惯雷打不动。早晨总是6:1
29、5起床,以保证八小时左右的睡眠。平时功课再多再忙,我也不会开夜车。身体健康,体力充沛才能保证有效学习。”高三阶段,有的同学每天学习到凌晨两三点,这种习惯在常方舟看来反而会影响次日的学习状态。每天课后,常方舟也不会花太多时间做功课,常常是做完老师布置的作业就算完。,“用好课堂40分钟最重要。我的经验是,哪怕是再简单的内容,仔细听和不上心,效果肯定是不一样的。对于课堂上老师讲解的内容,有的同学觉得很简单,听讲就不会很认真,但老师讲解往往是由浅入深的,开始不认真,后来就很难听懂了;即使能听懂,中间也可能出现一些知识盲区。高考试题考的大多是基础知识,正就是很多同学眼里很简单的内容。”常方舟告诉记者,其实自己对竞赛试题类偏难的题目并不擅长,高考出色的原因正在于试题多为基础题,对上了自己的“口味”。,