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1、Grammar,Module 4,（一）现在完成时的基本结构,（二）现在完成时的时间状语,(三)现在完成时的基本用法：,(四)使用现在完成时的句型,(五)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:,(六)终止性动词与延续性动词,现在完成时,现在完成时Present perfect tense,现在完成时的结构：have/has+过去分词done,陈述句肯定形式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它e.g.I have had breakfast.已经吃过早餐了。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,（一）现在完成时的基本结构,陈述句否定形式：主语+have/
2、has+not+过去分词+（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt）e.g.I havent had breakfast.我还没吃早餐。He hasnt gone to Beijing.他还没有去北京。,一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语过去分词（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号）肯定回答：Yes,主语 have/has.否定回答：No,主语 havent/hasnt.Has he gone to Beijing?他去过北京了吗？Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.,上一页,下一页,主菜单,特殊疑问句形式：（疑问词+一般疑问句）特殊
3、疑问词+have/has+主语过去分词？e.g.Where has he gone?他去了哪里？,(who，what，when，which，why，where，whose，how),（二）现在完成时的时间状语,常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,never,ever,just,yet,before,so far,in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作。还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，since,for a long time等。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,1)since She has learnt English since 2000.She h
4、as learnt English since 13 years ago.She has learnt English since she went to primary school.,2)for一段时间 for短语表示动作延续多长时间。（two weeks/six months/five days）She has learnt English for 13 years.,1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I have finished my work.We have set up many new factories.,(三)现在完成时的基本用法：,2.动作发生在过去,强调对现在的
5、结果、影响等。Have you ever seen the film“Harry Potter”?Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.,3.表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,甚至还可能继续下去,句中使用持续性动词,且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。,We havent seen each other for ten years.Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.,4.现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。e.g.Ill go home as soon as
6、I have finished my homework.Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it.,1)现在完成时+since+点时间状语(名词、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时)2)现在完成时+for+段时间状语 3)It/This is the first/其他序数词/last time+that 从句中,从句使用现在完成时。,(四)使用现在完成时的句型,注意:在下面的句子中,主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：It is three years since I began to work on the farm.Its a
7、 long time since I saw you last.,现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过,与现在不发生联系,它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。,(五)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:,He has read that book.(说明他现在知道那本书的内容)He read that book last year.(只说明他去年读过那本书)He has gone to America.(他现在不在此地,在美国)He went to America.(只说明他去过美国
8、),1.终止性动词:表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动词有:come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,get up,join,marry,open,close,give,lend,borrow,finish,break,see,hear,notice,find,understand,die 等。,(六)终止性动词与延续性动词：,2.延续性动词:表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的动词有:live,study,work,teach,stay,read,play,fly,talk,rain,eat,run等。,
9、have/has been&have/has gone 用法比较,have/has been to“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那。eg.I have been to Beijing twice.(曾经去过北京，现在不在北京）,have/has gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。eg.My father has gone to Beijing.(在北京或去北京的途中）,Exercise,选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has b
10、een in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,Exercise,改 错1.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.2.Our manager i
11、snt in today.He has been to Guangzhou.,kept,gone,1.-How are you today?-Oh,I _ as ill as I do today for a very long time.A.didnt feel B.wasnt feeling C.dont feel D.havent felt,单项选择,1.Has your father returned from Africa yet?Yes,but he _ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australi
12、a.A.was B.has been C.will beD.would be,高考链接,2.Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A.worksB.is workingC.has workedD.worked,3.I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taught4.So far this year we _ a fall
13、in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen,5.In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit.A.have run B.have been runC.had been run D.will run,6.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A.change B.has changed C.changing D.have cha
14、nged,7._ David and Vicky _ married?For about three years.A.How long were;being B.How long have;gotC.How long have;been D.How long did;get,8.The unemployment rate in this district _ from 6%to 5%in the past two years.A.has fallen B.had fallen C.is falling D.was falling,9.Although medical science _ con
15、trol over several dangerous diseases,what worries us is that some of them are returning.A.achieved B.has achieved C.will achieve D.had achieved,moved,Complete the conversation.Use thepreset tense of the verbs in brackets,and for or since where appropriate.Mike:Hi,Kate.Kate:Hi,Mike.Mike:I havent seen
16、 your brother around for a long time._ he _(move)to a new neighborhood?,Has,Kate:No,he _ _(move)to a new country!He _ _(be)in Australia _ last year.Mike:Australia!Thats great country._ you ever _(be)there?,hasnt moved,has,been,since,Have,been,Kate:No,I _ never _(be)there,but I _ _(decide)to go later this year.Mike:Great!_ your brother _(send)you any photos _ he moved there?,have,have decided,Has,since,been,sent,Kate:Yes,in fact,I _ just _(receive)some.Here they are.This is his new house.He _ recently _(finish)decorating it.,received,has,finished,have,Thank you!,
