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1、口译常用速记符号口译中常用的速记符号 :因为, 由于， 幸亏 ；because , due to , thanks to :所以,因此，结果是；so, therefore, consequently :不等于,不同，有差距；different, disparity :约等于,大约，大概；about, almost, nearly :大于,超过，高于；surpass, exceed, more than, superior to :小于,少于，低于；less than, inferior to :小于或等于 :大于或等于 = :等于,意味着,一致，公平；the same as, equal to
2、, mean to, similar to . :错误，不好的，否面的；wrong, negative, mistake, bad, not, wrong/incorrect， something bad，notorious， :正确，好的，肯定; right, correct, good, positive, affirmative N :不同意; disagree Y :同意; agree :上升，扩大，提升，发展，增加，起飞; up, rise, increase :下降，向下，下调，减少，恶化，裁减; down, decrease :促进,发展,上扬，越来越好； :下挫，不断亏损； :
3、强，好,另外，多; strong, good，plus, add, moreover, besides :更强，更好; stronger, better +3 :表示多的最高级：most :弱，差,减去，出去，除了; weak, minus, deduct, in short of, except :更弱，更差; weaker, worse -3 : :行动，行为，法案；action, act :在之中， 在之内; among，within，between :属于；belong to :导致，结果，向前，到达，交给，输出;lead to, go, arrive at :来自，源于，进口，收到，
4、邀请，回顾，是的结果;(be) invited :优秀的，杰出的 V :胜利 ？ :问题、疑问 :和,与,和一道and, together with，along with，accompany, etc. = :结论是 ./ :一方面; ; /. :另一方面; ./. :关系 :国家country, state, nation, / :国与国 表示多于概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示高 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. 表示少于概念：less/smaller，etc. 表示低概念：inferio
5、r to，etc. = 表示同等概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc. 表示对手概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示在.之间：among, within, etc. 表示不同概念：be different from, etc. 表示无敌概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示大约概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc. / 表示否定，消除等概念：cross
6、out, eliminate, etc. 五、 标点等 : 表示各种各样说的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. ? 表示问题：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw? . (dot) 这个.点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样.d表示yesterday, .y表示last year, .2m表示two month ago. y表示this year, y2. two year later next week, 可以表示为wk. 表示转折 表示好的状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc. 表
7、示同意状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示重要的状态：important，exemplary best，outstanding，brilliant，etc. n 表示交流状态：exchange，mutual, etc. & 表示和，与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. 表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc. 六、 较长单
8、词的处理办法 -ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm -tion 简 简写为 n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn -cian 简 简写为 o 例如：technician techo -ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg -ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd -able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl -ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt -ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz -ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningf
9、ul mnfl 4 Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = freque
10、ncy Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind =
11、individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit
12、vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. 5 amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational Form the plural of a s
13、ymbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or sym
14、bols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace
15、 Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore = = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water More re
16、ference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: 6 + plus / parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus custome
17、r cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: techgy technology ge
18、nion generalisation dely delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognizable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognizable skeleton of the word. Example
19、s: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples: custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios Use g to represent ing endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Ex
20、amples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was 7 were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:
21、 January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of resulting in - and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than especially esp/ 8
