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1、02 不定式的形式变化 思维导图舟楫英语课堂 精通句子结构 非谓语动词 不 定 式 的 形 式 不带to的不定式 1. 2. 3. 4. had better do sth. 最好做 I had better say a few words by way of explanation. 我最好以解释的方式说几句话。 would rather do sth宁愿做 I would rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them. 与其和他们去购物,我倒宁愿留在家里读点书。 cannotbut do sth. 只好做 I canno
2、t but agree to your decision. 我不得不同意你的决定。 do nothing but do sth. 只好做 He could do nothing but grumble over the situation. 他除了埋怨局势之外别无他法。 rmbl v.发牢骚；抱怨；轰鸣 5. have nothing to do but do sth. 只能做 When you have once made your capital, you have nothing to do but employ it. 一旦资金捞到手, 你就万事大吉,只有尽量运用就是喽。 6. Why
3、 not do sth? 为什么不做？ So, if youre waiting for tomorrow, why not do it today? 那么, 如果你在等待明天, 为什么不在今天付诸行动 呢 ? 7. prefer to dorather than do宁愿 也不I prefer to read rather than sit idle. 我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着. 8. would rather do than do宁愿 也不 Most people would rather die than think; in fact, they do so. 很多人宁愿死也不肯思考, 事
4、实上, 他们的确到死也没思考过. I saw him go out. 我看到他走出去。 一般式 动词不定式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生： I think him to be a doctor. 我认为他是医生。 to write I hope to see you again. 我希望再次见到你。 动词不定式一般式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之后： She promised to come to my birthday party. 她答应要来参加我的生日晚会。 进行式 to be writing He was found to be sleeping in his room. 他被
5、发现在房间里睡觉。 He pretended to be studying hard. 他假装正在用功学习。 I discovered him to be hiding in the closet. 我发现他躲在储藏室里。 完成式 Im sorry not to have come on Sunday. 我星期天没有来，真抱歉。 to have written Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 真对不起，让你等了。 动词不定式完成式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前： He doesnt seem to have told a lie. 看起来他好像没说谎。 R
6、obert is said to have studied abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. 据说罗伯特曾经在外国读书，但是我不知道他是在哪个国家读的。 一般式 to be written This page needs to be checked again. 这一页还需要再校对一遍。 The next thing to be done is to clean the room. 下一件该做的事是打扫房间。 He asked to be introduced to the artist. 他请求被引荐给那位艺术家。 完成式
7、 He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket yesterday. 他对昨日在超市受到的服务感到不满意而投诉。 to have been written 解释： 主语是不定式动作的承受者，用被动态。 主语若不是不定式动作的承受者，用主动态。 作主语 When and where to build a new factory is not decided yet. 什么时候、在哪里建新工厂，还没有决定。 How to begin is the problem. 怎么开始是个问题。 作宾语 Last summer I took
8、a course on how to make dresses 去年夏天我参加了一个服装制作课程。 No one told him what to do. 没有人告诉他该做什么。 Have you decided when to leave? 你决定什么时候动身了吗？ 作表语 The difficulty is how to cross the river. 困难在于怎样过河。 The question is where to go. 问题是要到哪儿去。 作主语 作宾语 作表语 作状语 作定语 For a child to learn everything is impossible. / I
9、ts impossible for a child to learn everything. 一个小孩要学会所有的东西是不可能的。 It was very cruel of them to eat rare wild animals. 他们吃稀有野生动物真够残忍的。 I dont think it advisable for him to learn medicine. 认为他学医不合适。 This is for you to decide. 这得由你决定。 She waved the red flag for the car to stop. 她挥动红旗让车停下来。 The article
10、is too difficult for a child of ten to understand. 这篇文章太难，是一个十岁的孩子理解不了的。 The order was given. 让他们登山的命令已经发出。 动词不定式进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生： 不定式的主动语态的时态形式 不定式的被动语态的时态形式 疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, why等后面加上不定式，构成的一种不定式短语 不定式的复合结构 在一般情况下，不定式这一动作的执行者就是句子的主语。但是，有时不定式的动作执行者不是句子的主语，此时不定式的前面要加一个名词或代词来充当不定式的逻辑主语。
