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1、Unit Cultural relics知识点详解带定语从句Unit 1 Cultural relics 词语辨析 1. select / choose / elect / pick 这些动词均含有“选择”之意。 select 强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择。 choose 普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择。 elect 指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。 pick 口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Please _ a good
2、 book for me. 2). She _ a diamond ring from the collection. 3). We _ our monitor by a show of hands. 4). She _ the red sweater rather than the pink one. 2. country / nation / state / land country主要是指主权的、统一的国家，往往侧重于疆土，是中性词，有时是指全国的人民，country还可指与城市相对的农村； nation也可以指国家，比state更为庄重，所以联合国用的是the United Natio
3、ns，但有时侧重于指“人民，国民”，同时，nation也可以指“民族”； state是政权意义上的“国家，*”，state还可以指“州”； land是指国土意义上的国家，是一种文学用语，多见于诗歌中。 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). After many years abroad，she wanted to return to her _. 2). The President spoke on TV to the _. 3). The Jewish _ is scattered around the world. 4). The US is divided into 50 _. 5
4、). We returned to the _ where she was born. 3. missing / lost / gone missing: “丢失的, 缺少的”, 强调不在场 lost: 过去分词, “失去的, 丧失的” gone: 过去分词, “过去的,不在的,丢了”,常作表语和补语 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Five people were _. 2). The boat and all the men were _ in the storm. 3). My pain in the leg is _ now. 4. former / previous fo
5、rmer 是latter的反义词，对比意味强。 previous 指时间上、顺序上较早 ，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。 5. find / find out / discover find out 经过努力有意去 “找”, “打听”, “弄清楚” 。 find “找到,发现”, 强调结果。 discover 发现本来就存在但未被人所知的事物, 地方, 思想等。 用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Ive _ the book I was looking for. 2). Please _ what time they are coming. 3). Columbus _ the New
6、 World in 1492. 1.value n. 价值 valuable adj. 贵重的; 很有价值的 2. survive v. 继续生存或存在 3. decorate v. 装饰 decoration n. 装饰; 装潢 decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的 survival n. 存活; 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 valueless adj. 无价值的; 没有用处的 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) The jawbone was our most _ discovery. (value) 2) They have ordered software
7、to the _ of 700. (value) 3） He thinks our advice is _, so he wont take it. (value) 4） Many strange customs have _ from earlier times. (survive) 5） This ceremony is a _ from pre-Christian times. (survive) 6） She is the only _ in the accident. (survive) 7) When will they finish the _ of the bathroom?
8、(decorate) 8) The building was _ with flags. (decorate) language points： 1. fancy adj. 不寻常的; 精致的; v. 想; 以为; 想像 典例 1). Thats a very pair of shoes! 那是一双非常别致的鞋! 2). I (that) its going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨 重点用法 fancy that以为是 fancy/imagine (sbs) doing想像做某事 fancy oneself 自负；自命不凡 2. consider vt. 考虑；认为 典例
9、 1). We aregoing to Canada. 我们正考虑到加拿大去. We this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要。 重点用法 consider doing sth./sth.考虑做某事 considering(prep). 考虑到,就而论 consider sb./sth. as / to be consider it +adj.+ to do sth.认为做某事是 练习 中译英 1). 你是否考虑如何到达那里Have you ever considered_？ 2). 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人。He will be considered
10、_ 3. wonder n.惊奇，奇迹；不知道(想知道) 典例 1). They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。 2). I wonder who he is. 我不知道他究竟是谁。 重点用法 wonder +从句“自忖，自问，不知道(想知道)” wonder +if从句“请问您是否” wonder at对感到惊奇 练习 1).我也不知道他们能不能准时到。I wonder whether _. 2).难怪你来晚了! No wonder _! 4. doubt n.怀疑；不确定； 不信任；v.对无把握，怀疑 典例 1). He
11、is without the cleverest student Ive ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。 2). Iwhether hell come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。 用法 There is no doubt about sth./ that .毫无疑问 without doubt确定地；无疑地 I dont doubt that 我肯定 I doubt if/whether 我不确定 练习 中译英1).不知道那是不是他想要的。I doubt if that was _ 2). 那件事情没有什么可疑之处。Theres no _ 5. worth adj.值
12、得; 有的价值; n.价值; 用处 典例 1). The new car cost a lot of money, but its certainly worth it. 买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值。 重点用法 be worth doing sth值得; 有的价值 be worthy of to be done be worthy of being done 练习 1). 这本书值得一读。_(三种表达法) 6. in return 回报,作为报酬 典例 What can we do for them in return for all the help they have giv
13、en us? 我们将怎样来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢? 短语归纳 in turn 轮流地,依次; 反过来 by turns 轮流地,时而时而 练习 1). 我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。I bought him a drink _. 2). 向您献花略表谢意。There flowers are a small return for _. 7. rather than不是别的，而是 典例 1). I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮, 不想喝咖啡. 2). Its management thats at fault rat
14、her than the work-force. 错在资方而不在劳方. 短语归纳 would rather do sththan do sth宁愿做；而不愿做=prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. ) other than = except for除了； 而非 练习 1). 他是跑来的而不是走来的。He ran _. 2).她除了他以外没有好朋友。She has no close friends_. 8. think highly of = have a good opinion of看重；高度评价 典例 They think highly of your
15、 work abilities. 他们对你的工作能力评价很高。 短语归纳 What do you think of sb./ sth.?你认为某人/物怎么样？ think much/well of对评价良好 think badly/poorly of对评价不高 think nothing of对无所谓；不把当回事 练习 1). 她觉得一天走三十英里无所谓。She thinks nothing of _. 2).他的作品深受评论家推崇。_by the critics. 三. 课文要点： 1课文词汇等填空 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： The Amber Room, 1
16、(装饰) with gold and jewels, is one of the great 2 (wonderful) of the world. Frederick William I , 3 whom it belonged , decided to give it to Russian people 4 a gift. 5 (sad), although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders , it is 6 (miss) now and its story remains 7 (神秘的). 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 1. Fr
17、ederick William l, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。 模仿要点 句子结构: 主语，加插入，谓语 宾语从句 我们的老师John没想到他的学生如此爱他。 _,_,could never have thought that _. 我的母亲，我生命中最重要的人，一直坚信我终有一天会取得成
18、功的。 _,_,always believes that _. 2. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。 模仿要点 句子结构:名词 + 非限制定语从句 + 原因状语从句 礼物是一辆小汽车，我拒绝接受是因为它太昂贵了。 The gift is a car, which _because _. 3There is no doubt that th
19、e boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。 模仿要点 句子结构: There is no doubt that + which + at that time+ 定语从句 毫无疑问我在家乡度过的童年时期，自行车对我作用非常大，当其时我的家乡是河边的一个小城市。_that bikes were very useful in my childhood in m
20、y hometown, which was _ on the bank of the river. 毫无疑问这幅唐代的画价值连城，它为当时的一位名家所画。 _that the Tang Dynasty picture is priceless, which was _ painted by _. 四. 单元重点词组： 1 ( ) Relics文化遗产 2. insist on/upon sth/doing ( ) 4. get /be lost ; be missing 6. in search of ; ( ) 8. be used to doing sth. ( ) be made of
21、/from ( ) (看得见/看不见原材料) 10. be of +抽象名词=be+该词的形容词 “be of +名词(词组)”表示主语的某种形状或特征 1. look into ( ) 3. ( ) 属于 5. do with ( ) 7. be used to do sth. ( ) 9. be made into . . . ( ) ( ) 由组成 be of the size / weight / height / age / colour / 11. work of amber art . kind 12. as a gift of 14. become part of 16. ad
22、dto 添加到 18. be at war 20. no doubt 22. 拆开 25. tell the truth 28. search for =look for 13. 作为报答 15. serve as 17. great wonders of the world 19. less than 21. remain a mystery 23. rather than 26. 假装做某事 27. 看重，重视 29. agree with sb. 30. 情态动词(could /might /must /should) 表示对过去发生的事情的推测，批评，反悔等意思 +have done
23、31. have sth. done 表示 “请人做某事” “使遭遇某种(不幸的)事情” 五. 小试牛刀： 请根据中文意思完成下列句子。 1. Galileo _ that the earth moves around the sun like the other planets. 伽利略证明地球像其它行星一样绕太阳转。 2. Please _ my suggestion. 请考虑一下我的建议。 3. Only a few soldiers _ the battle. 仅几名士兵没有战死。 4I came across the _ book in the shop. 我偶然在那书店里见到这本珍
24、贵的书。 5Some experts of the world _ _ _ his paintings. 他的绘画受到世界上一些专家的好评。 6He has given us so much help that I really wanted to do something for him _ _. 他给我们如此多的帮助我想为他做些事作为报答。 7The boy went _ _ _ something to eat.那些男孩去找吃的东西去了。 8 He is a student who has a _ for music. 他是个对音乐有天赋的学生。 六. 语法：定语从句 重点提醒： 历年高
25、考题对定语从句的考察主要是如何选择关系词。 “三步走”原则：1.认识引导词。这是做题的关键。 2.找准先行词。判断它到底指代什么。 3.确定还缺什么。主要分析定语从句中所缺成分。 Examples: She is the girl _ sells flowers. Here is the man_ you are looking for. 32. give an example from your own lifeI have a friend _ father is a doctor. “介词+关系代词”用法： 1.介词的位置： 总结：一般情况下，介词可前可后。 who、that 不能用与介
26、词之后 定语从句专练 1. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. 2. A harvester is a machine _ we harvest crops or a person _ is harvesting. 3. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. 4.In the police station I saw the man from _ room the thief had stolen the TV set. 5.This is the very re
27、ason we all know. 6.Please put the letter in the place _ he can easily find it. 7.The house _ there is a big tree was built more than 1000 years ago. A. which B. that C. in the front of which D. in front of which 8.Antarctic, _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. 9.The
28、reason _ I was away from school is _ I was ill yesterday. 10.It was a meeting _ importance I didnt realize at that time. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose 11. This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants. 12.They have decided to stay at home, _ , I think , _ a wise choice. A. which ,
29、are B. which , is C. that , are D. that , is 13.All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. 14.Did you see the man _ ? A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now 15.I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you. A. who is B. who am
30、 C. that is D. what is 16.-How do you like the book? -Its quite different from the one _ I read last month. 17.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? 18. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. 19.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. 20. Willma won three Olympic
31、 gold medals in track, _ made her mother very happy. 21.She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. 22.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. 23.The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 24.After living in Paris for fifty years h
32、e returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. 25.I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers. 八. 改错 1： Dear Editor, Im the boy student in a key middle school in our city. I fond of play the piano. It is known by us that the college entrance examination is appro
33、aching. I must get good prepared for it. So I have only fifteen minutes to play the piano on every day. I dont want to give up my favorite, and my parents forbade me to continue playing it. They think it a waste of time to do it now. How do you think of it? Could you give me some advices on how to d
34、eal with the problem? I am looking forward to your early reply. Thank you. “介词 + which / whom”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 一、基本
35、构成 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。 The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. The city in which she lives is far away. The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/w
36、ho/whom作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如： The cityshe lives in is far away. 注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。 This is the pen that / which you are looking for. The patient whom she islooking after
37、is her father. The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard. There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of. 练习：Are these sentences right? (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend. (3) The ma
38、n with who/that you talked is my friend. (4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 二、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词先行词。 其中 when=表时间的介词+which； Where=表地点的介词+which； Why=表原因的介词+which (1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常
39、用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词which来代替关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词which来代替关系副词where。 This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for whi
40、ch来代替关系副词why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why) 三、关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义 1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。 I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day) 2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on st
41、h.) 3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 This is my pair of glasses, _without which_I cannot see clearly. 例题：用“介词+关系代词”的形式表示 一. 填空。 1. This is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the antelope. 2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic. 3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the
42、Olympic Games for the first time. 4. The musicians _ _ we have great interest toured Europe with us. 5. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 6. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 7. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet? 8. In the dark str
43、eet, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. 9. The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 10. The room _ my family live used to be a garage. 11. Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now? 12. Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter? 13. Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? 注意： 介词+关系代词 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+
