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1、大学英语一册一单元 课文翻译及课后练习答案Unit 1 Personal Relationship In-Class Reading The Gift of Life 以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而它们却落在了一所由传教士办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，双腿被炸伤了。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。医疗小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白
2、必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要匹配的血型。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适。而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有匹配的血型。 5 医生会讲一点越南语，护士会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。然后他们问孩子们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起
3、来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，” 护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？” 医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴还是摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 医疗小组此时非常担忧，因为针不
4、会使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地问他原因。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用质疑的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说: “他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们。以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么还愿意这么做呢?” 海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道: “她是我的朋友。
5、” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。 我们都需要朋友 1 有要好的老朋友是件好事，但结交新朋友则更好。不论我们年龄有多大，我们都感激朋友给予我们的支持与帮助。这种帮助可能是为一件小事，也可能是为挽救我们的生命。帮助或支持的多少并不是最重要的，真正重要的是拥有好朋友。 2 我刚交了一位新朋友 琼。她对于我，并不仅仅是又多了一位在街上碰到时打个招呼讲讲话的人，而是一位真正的好朋友。她会跟我一起吃午饭，会顺便到我家来喝杯茶。我有时会无缘无故感到悲伤或忧愁,这时她会听我说，使我感到有人理解我。她就是这样一位朋友。 3 这对我来说可不是一件小事。仅与老友们保持住联系，已经使我在
6、时间和精力上勉为其难了，更不用说结交新朋友了。但是随着年龄的增长 我现在已经35岁了 拥有一张安全的朋友关系网变得重要了。随着老朋友的离开，这张网出现了一个个缺口。我现在需要花一些精力去结识新朋友。 4 结交朋友很像经历了可怕的分手后再去约会。你犹豫踌躇，裹足不前，因为你很难相信你又得从头来过。但当你真正做的时候，它的难度还不到你预料的一半，而得到的回报却是你原本期望的两倍。 5 例如，琼现在是我最好的朋友之一，我却差一点没能结识她。第一次相遇时我们都在市游泳池等自己五岁的儿子下游泳课。琼当时正在读一本书，那本书是我原先在读书俱乐部读过的。我想跟她说些什么，但却说不出来。我似乎已失去了说声“你
7、好”的能力。 6 在更衣室里，我们又碰到了，当时我们的儿子都穿好了衣服准备回家。我几乎是对着她的后背说：“你觉得艾米 谭的书怎么样？”她转过身来，我却像个十几岁的孩子一样脸红了。“噢，”她说，“我正在看正骨师的女儿，真的很喜欢这本书。自从我读过喜福会后，艾米一直是我最喜欢的作家。” 7 接下来的两次游泳课后，我们又互相交谈，比较我们的阅读书目，跟着我们的儿子跑出更衣室。到了第五次游泳课时，我们约好了花一天时间去城里购物。对于像我这个年纪的人来说，你不觉得那是很不寻常的吗？ 8 我过去基本上不挑选朋友。多年来，我让命运替我决定朋友。一份新工作，一座新城市，一幢昂贵的公寓，让我与原本连说声“你好”
8、都不可能的人成了朋友。然而随着年岁的增长，我对有些朋友已变得不耐烦了，觉得这种因机遇建立的朋友关系有时会经不起生活变化的考验。这种类型的朋友，在你有困难真正需要帮助时并不一定会帮助你。 9 我们和朋友在一起时能够自然不做作，那是一件很美妙的事，是一份很珍贵的礼物，不能不与其他朋友分享。结交朋友，享受友谊，其实并不需要花费那么多的时间，或那么多的努力。 课内阅读练习答案 PART 1 Preparation 1 Welcoming to Our Group! 1 Group Work Group work is an important activity students are require
9、d to do throughout the semester. In the activity students can listen to each other and share each others ideas and experiences. Interpersonal relationships will develop during the process of working together. Whats more, working in small groups, say, between 3 and 5, students will have greater oppor
10、tunities to improve their listening and speaking skills than they can when the whole class works together. In addition, group work can help practice and develop four key skills: problem-solving, decision-making, critical thinking and creative thinking. To involve students in this activity each group
11、 should have a group leader to help the teacher achieve this goal. Students may change their groups every 5 or 6 weeks so as to be able to know more of their classmates. hey may also take turns being group leaders. 2 The Procedures of Group Discussion In an ideal small group discussion, group member
12、s are encouraged to contribute their personal opinions or knowledge of a particular issue, support those opinions, discuss differences of opinion within the group, and eventually, report to the whole class. A small group discussion can be generally divided into the following procedures: i Forming Gr
13、oups In the first class of small group discussion, the whole class is divided into several groups. How many groups are produced? Are the groups student-selected or teacher-selected? Are they gender-mixed or proficiency-mixed? All these will be decided according to the practical situation of the clas
14、s, for example, how many students there are in the class, the purpose of the activity and so on. ii Instructions he instructions given at the beginning are crucial: If the students do not understand exactly what they are to do, they will be confused and a lot of time will likely be wasted. iii Proce
15、sses The teachers job during the activity is to go from group to group, monitor, and either contribute or keep out of the waywhichever is likely to be more helpful. If the teacher does decide to intervene, their contribution may take the form of: providing approval and support, providing approval an
16、d support, helping students who are having difficulty, and keeping the students using the target language. iv Ending If the teacher has set a time limit, then this will help terminate the activity if the discussion is about to finish. v Presentation If the teacher implicitly leads students to some d
17、iscussion of the “findings” of the groups, then they may leave enough time for this to take place. Because this progress gives each group a chance to perceive differences and similarities in their work, and it provides motivation for further group work. As a result, this phase brings the class back
18、together as a whole community of learners and even a very short period of whole-class discussion reminds students that everyone in the room is a member of a team of learners. vi Feedback A feedback session usually takes place at the end of the small group discussion. Feedback on the task may take ma
19、ny forms: presenting a possible solution, evaluating suggestions, or just expressing appreciation of the effort that has been invested. Although all participants in a discussion have the responsibility to listen and remember some of the information and contributions, teachers have a special responsi
20、bility to retain virtually everything said. They must develop the ability to recall at appropriate times what has been said earlier in order to illustrate points made later. 3 Teachers Primary Roles in Group Discussion i Participant In small group discussion, teachers need to communicate openly and
21、empathically with the students. he teacher opens spaces for students to share and clarities unfamiliar ways of thinking. Teachers as participants improve the atmosphere in the class and offer students a chance to learn from them. ii Facilitator Teachers as facilitators encourage students to particip
22、ate and make suggestions when students are confused. They make the discussion easier for their students, and assist them in finding their own ways to success. Teachers, to be facilitators, must first of all be real and genuine, discarding masks of superiority and omniscience. iii Coordinator It is t
23、he teachers that keep the discussion process flowing smoothly and efficiently. Teachers must coordinate the activities, leading students toward greater communicative ability. iv Director Just as the theater director plays a pivotal role in sustaining the fiction of a stage drama, so does the teacher
24、 use the classroom stage to simulate the real world. v Consultant / Resource Obviously, teachers in the classroom are just like a walking resource center and provide help where necessary. vi Organizer Its the teachers responsibility to help the students to organize the group discussion and discuss w
25、ith the students what they are going to talk about, make clear about what their task is, get the activity going, and then organize feedback when it is over. Teachers are responsible for ensuring that group discussion is satisfactorily organized at a practical level. STEP ONE Sample Hello, everyone.
26、Im the leader of Group Beast. You may wonder why our group has such a strange name. Let me explain. If the letter “a” is taken out of “beast”, what word do we have now? Yes, thats “best”. So I believe our group will be the best of all. Now lets take “a”, “s”, and “t” out of the word “beast”, and we
27、have the word “be”, which has exactly the same pronunciation as “bee”, a hard-working animal. his implies that all the members in Group Beast are very diligent in their work. Finally, lets take “s” out of “beast”. What word do the remaining letters make up? hats “beat”. Well beat all the other group
28、s in the class. So if you want to be the best, if you want to be the winner, please join Group Beast. STEP THREE Sample My name is Wang Ling. I am 18. I come from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. I graduated from the Fourth Middle School. Hangzhou is a very beautiful city and its West Lake is famous all
29、 over China. I love my hometown. I have a lot of hobbies, such as playing tennis, basketball, table tennis, and listening to music. I hope we can become good friends. My name is Zhang Ping. I come from Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. It took me more than 30 hours to get here by train. I hope I can ge
30、t used to the climate and food here soon. Im a bit shy, and thats why I didnt volunteer to be a group leader. My friends all say that Im gentle and easy-going but a little lazy. I have many hobbies but reading is my chief hobby. My favorite writer is Charles Dickens. Ive read almost all his works. I
31、 hope we can really be “the best”, “the winner”. 2 Developing Personal Relationships Sample Yes. Im afraid its true. Most of us have had cell-phones and computers since we were in junior high school or even earlier. hey have become an important part in our lives. We dont have to see each other in pe
32、rson and can reach anyone we want to easily. When I was a high school student, I used to keep myself in my own room, doing homework. Sometimes I did enjoy myself, listening to music, playing computer games, chatting online or sending text messages to my classmates. We seldom saw each other face to f
33、ace after school because we didnt have to. Ive been used to the two kinds of tools that I feel at a loss when facing people personally. I know its very important to develop personal relationships in society. Hopefully I can learn how to do so during my college years. No, I dont think so. I think com
34、puters are just a kind of tool and are used to help us communicate with each other when were physically far apart. Ive been using a computer for a long time and upgraded it when I was a second year student in senior high school. I have quite a few very good friends. hey were my high school classmate
35、s and we spent a lot of time together after school. Each week we spent at least one night together, going to the movies, singing at a karaoke bar or just talking at someones home. During the long holidays, we went traveling together. Now we are in different colleges or universities and still keep in
36、 touch with each other. Surely, when were back home, well visit each other and get together often. Now Im a college student and have more opportunities to make new friends. Im sure Ill have more friends during the four years here. 3 Enjoying a Joke Sample The womans neighbors disliked her, so they w
37、ere happy to hear that she was going to move out. They believed the neighborhood would be a better one after the woman moved out. Part Two Reading-Centered Activities In-Class Reading Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1. 1A 2B 3A 4A 5B 6C 7A 8 C 2. 1 killed 2 wounded 3 arrived 4girl 5 badly / serio
38、usly 6 blood 7 none 8 American 9type 10 orphans 11 French 12 difficulty 13 frightened 14 would 15 cried 16 Vietnamese 17 found 18 understand 19 willing 20 friend 3. Sample V = Vietnamese nurse H = Heng N = Navy nurse V: Is it hurting, Heng? H: No. V: So why are you crying? Is there anything wrong? H
39、: Im sad that I will have to leave the world. Im a little scared before I die. I dont want to die, but I dont want my friend to die, either. V: Why do you think you are gong to die? H: The doctor said unless I gave my blood to my friend, she would certainly die. V: You must have misunderstood him. Y
40、ou only have to give some of your blood to the girl. This wont do any harm to your health. H: Really? Are you sure? V: Yes. Have a good sleep now. When you wake up, Im sure youll be as strong as before. V: (to the Navy nurse): He thought he was dying. He misunderstood you. He thought you asked him t
41、o give all his blood to the little girl so that she could live. N: But why would he be willing to do that? V: Heng, the Navy nurse wants to know why you would be willing to give all your blood to little girl? H: Shes my friend. Vocabulary 1. 1reply 2 land 3 supplied 4 wound 5 replied 6 signed 7 woun
42、ded 8 supplies 9 sign 10 balancing 11 land 12 balance 2 run: 1 D 2A 3C 4E 5F 6B match: 1D 2B 3F 4C 5E 6A 3 1Insert 2in the balance 3requests 4relief 5 let out 6steady 7stiff 8misunderstood 9limited 10action Translation 1. When I knew the details I realized that I should not have lost my temper in th
43、e voice. 2. I dont / didnt know Bob very well, but we go / went out for an occasional drink together. 3. The meeting is supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to postpone it / put it of. 4. Our government took action to bring / get all the Chinese in that country back to China. 5. Including
44、weekends, there are only 12 more days to buy Christmas presents / gifts. 6 .Without immediate action, many kinds / species of wild animals would die from hunger. Part Three Further Development 1 Grammar Review Sample A: Did you hear that Tom failed the English final? He was 10 minutes late for the f
45、inal because he woke up late. B: Thats too bad. But he should have asked his roommate to wake him up. A: Well anyway, he got to the classroom before the listening part finished. But then he found the batteries for his radio were dead. B: Well, he should have bought new batteries the day before. A: Y
46、es, very true. He then had to borrow two batteries from his classmate. But when Tom was doing the exam, he found there were many words that were new to him. B: He should have spent more time memorizing new words and phrases before the exam. A: Yes, and then Tom had a splitting headache because he ha
47、d studied until two in the morning. B: Thats too bad. But he really shouldnt have stayed up the night before the exam. A: And whats more, Tom was so afraid to fail the final that he peeped at his neighbors paper. He was caught and would be punished. B: Really? He shouldnt have cheated on the exam. 2
48、 Vocabulary Review 1 A Though / Although B though C though A Both “although” and “though” can be used as conjunctions to introduce a subordinate clause of concession (让步状语从句) in which you mention something which contrasts with what you are saying in the main clause. B “Though” is sometimes used as an adverb. Wh
