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1、工程制图知识点Engineering Drawing 为了培养空间分析能力，点、线、面、体的投影，组合体视图，表达方法，零件图，标准件、常用件以及装配图等题解内容。 教授了很多作图的基本定理和方法：确定线线，线面之间关系；直角投影定理；换面法等。有很多难点：回转体截交线以及相贯线的画法等。还有一些常用零件的画法，比如螺钉，螺纹的画法，这是机械设计的基础。 The course ”drawing engineering” can train the students ability of space analyzing. It introduces some drawing methods su
2、ch as the projection of the point, line, plane and body and three-view drawing, details drawing, it also tells you how to read the assembly drawing. I think this course is pretty hard that you must understand many theorems and use them to solve the problems, this is an example(give an example, illus
3、trate by) that we use the Rectangular Projection Theorem to confirm the relations between the lines, lines and the planes(whether the lines are parallel). And also some section lines such as the intersection line are really complex. This course is the foundation of the Mechanical Design. 投影 projecti
4、on 投影中心center of projection 投影面projecting plane 投影线projecting line 中心投影法perspective projection 平行投影法parallel projection 斜投影oblique projection 正投影orthographic projection 正投影面frontal plane of projection 侧面投影面profile plane of projection 投影图projection drawing 三面投影图three-plane projection drawing 投影轴axis
5、of projection 投影特性characteristic of projection 不变性characteristic of true 积聚性characteristic of concentration 类似性characteristic of similarity 视图view 三视图three-view drawing 正面frontal plane 正面投影frontal projection 水平面horizontal plane 水平投影horizontal projection 侧面profile plane 侧面投影profile projection 主视图fron
6、tal view 俯视图top view 左视图left side view 立体solid 平面立体plane body 曲面立体body of curved surface 回转面surface of revolution 棱柱prism 棱锥pyramid 边side 顶点center vertex 棱edge 点point 直线line straight line 棱锥台truncated pyramid frustum of pyramid 重影coincidence of projection 积聚concentrate 变形deformation 实长true length 实形
7、true shape 正平线frontal line 水平线horizontal line 侧平线profile line 一般位置直线oblique line 铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line 正垂线horizontal-profile line 侧垂线frontal-horizontal line 一般位置平面oblique plane 相交intersection 平行parallel 垂直perpendicular 交线intersecting line, line of intersection 交点point of intersectio
8、n 平行线parallel line 垂直线perpendicular line 交叉线skew line 长度length 宽度width 高度height 组合体complex 基本几何体basic body 相接built-up 相交inter section 相切tangent 相贯penetration 支架brace 底板bottom board 肋rib 支承板bearing plate 轮廓线outline, contour line 底图traced drawing 截平面cutting plane 截交线line of section 二重性dual nature 平面曲线
9、plane curve 圆弧arc 椭圆ellipse 长轴major axis 短轴minor axis 双曲线hyperbola 抛物线parabola 圆circle 圆锥顶conic apex 相贯体intersecting bodies 相贯线line of intersection 空间曲线space curve 截平面方法cutting plane method 辅助面auxiliary surface 辅助平面auxiliary plane 最高点culminating point 尺寸Size 定形尺寸size dimension 定位尺寸location dimension
10、 左视图right view 后视图rear view, back view 仰视图bottom view 辅助图auxiliary view 局部视图partial view, broken view 斜视图oblique view 旋转视图revolved view, aligned view 剖视图sectional view, section 全剖视full section 半剖视half section 局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section 斜剖视图oblique section 旋转剖视图aligned section 阶梯剖视echel
11、on section, offset section 复合剖视compound section 剖面图section, sectional view 重合剖面coincide section, revolved section 移出剖面removed section 剖面线section line 剖面符号symbols for section-lining 习惯画法conventional drawing 局部放大图 drawing of partial enlargement 零件图detail drawing, working drawing 第三角投影third angle proje
12、ction 粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line 细实线continuous thin line 虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line 点划线dash and dot line 双点划线double dots line 波浪线break line 断裂线 剖切平面迹线cutting plane line 尺寸线dimension line 尺寸界线extension tine 尺寸dimension size 箭头arrowhead 基准datum 基准线datum line 基准面datum p
13、lane 中心孔central hole 中心距center distance 轴shaft, axle 孔hole 斜孔inclination 装配图assembly drawing 性能尺寸characteristic dimension 大小尺寸size dimension 总体尺寸outer dimension 外形尺寸 配合尺寸fit dimension 内圆角fillet 外圆角round 尖角sharp corner 倒角chamfer 轮缘flange of wheel 缘、边、环rim 轴肩shoulder 凸台boss 凹坑concave pit 轴颈shaft neck
14、轮毂hub 轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel 直纹滚花straight knurling s 网纹滚花hatching knurling 键槽key-way 退刀槽escape 拔模斜度pattern draft 填料盒gland box 油槽oil groove 油封oil seal 标准件standard parts 螺纹thread 外螺纹external thread 内螺纹internal thread 大径major diameter 小径minor diameter 螺距pitch of thread 牙型form of thread 旋向direction of
15、turning 右旋螺纹right-hand thread 左旋螺纹left-hand thread 头数number of thread 导程lead 粗牙coarse thread 细牙fin thread 螺栓bolt 螺钉screw 螺柱stud 螺母nut 垫片washer 公差tolerance 公差带tolerance zone 零线zero line 标准公差standard tolerance 公差等级tolerance grade 基本偏差fundamental deviation 配合fit 间隙配合clearance fit 过盈interference 过盈配合int
16、erference fit 过渡配合transition fit 基孔制hole-basic system of fits 基轴制shaft-basic system of fits 间隙clearance 形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance 直线度straightness 平面度flatness 圆度roundness 圆柱度cylindricity 线轮廓度profile of any line 面轮廓度profile of any plane 位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances 平行度 pa
17、rallelism 齿轮gear 圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear 正齿轮spur gear 斜齿轮spiral gear 轮齿gear tooth 节圆pitch circle 齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle 齿根圆root circle, addendum circle 模数modulus 齿数number of teeth 齿高tooth height 齿顶高height of addendum 齿根高height of addendum 齿厚circular thickness 齿间tooth space 齿宽tooth width 压力角
18、angle of pressure 弹簧spring 销pin 圆柱销round pin 圆锥销taper pin 开口销cotter pin, split 键key 平键flat key 半圆键half round key, woodruff key 轴承bearing 滚动轴承rolling bearing 向心铀承radial bearing 密封装置sealing equipment 锁紧装置locking equipment 粗糙度roughness 基本尺寸basic size 实际尺寸actual size 极限尺寸limits size 最大极限尺寸maximum limit
19、of size 最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size 偏差deviation 上偏差upper deviation 下偏差lower deviation 垂直度perpendicularity 倾斜度angularity 同轴度concentricity 对称度symmetry 位置度true position 跳动run-out 圆跳动cycle run-out 全跳动total run-out 轴测投影axonometric projection 轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection 轴测图axonometric drawing 正等轴
20、测投影isometric projection 正二测bimetric projection 斜二测oblique bimetric projection 轴测轴axonometric axis 轴间角axis angle, angle between ales 缩短foreshortened 轴向缩短率coefficient of axial deformation ratio of fore shortening for any axis 切割法cutting method, by cutting 方箱法boxing method 坐标法coordinate method 方框法enclosing-square method 四心近似法four-center approximate method
