宾语从句全课件.ppt

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1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,语法专项,问题一:什么是宾语?,宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系的对象,常由名词或相当于名词的词担任,置于及物动词或介词后。,I love you.I am fond of reading books in the sun.He bought me a pen.How is he getting along with his English teacher?We keep it a secret.I will arrange my holiday as follows.,问题二:什么是宾语从句?,在复合句中作宾语的从句就叫作宾语从句，放

2、在及物动词,介词后面。,I think(that)your clothes fit well.,He couldnt tell me where his home was.,作及物动词的宾语,作介词的宾语,He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.,He talked of how he helped the old man.,I think(that)you should study hard.主句 连接词 从句构成：主句+连接词+从句He asked me where I had put his book.主句 连接词 从句

3、,宾语从句的结构,宾语从句三要点,一、语序（陈述）二、引导词（三种）三、时态（主、从句）,1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序,第一讲：宾语从句用陈述句语序,将下列一般问句改成陈述句语序：(主语谓语)He wants to know:1.Is there a bank near here?2.Was it on the fifth floor?3.Are they doing homework?,There is a bank near here.,It was on the fifth floor.,They are doing homework.,4.Does she work

4、 in a hospital?5.Did you go to Center Park?6.Do we have to wear a uniform?,she works,you went,we have to,we can wear,7.Can we wear hats in school?,他叫什么名字？Whats his name?他怎么去上学？How does he go to school?I am not sure what his name is.主句 how he goes to school.从句用陈述语序（主语+谓语+.),1.When will he go to the l

5、ibrary?His brother asks when he will go to the library.His brother asks when will he go to the library.,2.What does he want to buy?I dont know what he wants to buy.I dont know what does he want to buy.,3.Who are we going to meet?Can you tell me who we are going to meet?Can you tell me who are we goi

6、ng to meet?,4.Does he know French?We want to know if/whether he knows French.We want to know if/whether does he know French.,5.Will they go to Canada in summer?They re not sure if/whether they will go to Canada in summer.They re not sure if/whether will they go to Canada in summer.,第二讲：宾语从句的引导词,一：由从

7、属连词that引导的宾语从句,二：由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句,三：由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,一.引导词that 1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,Eg:The earth goes around the sun.I know I know that the earth goes around the sun.He will be back in an h

8、our.I think I think that he will be back in an hour.,Lin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.She says(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.He said(that)he would like to see the headmaster.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,a

9、fraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry(that)I dont know.Were sure(that)our team will win.Im afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.,练习题I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves aroun

10、d the sun,二：whether或if引导 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Eg:Is Alice 15 years old?I wonder.I wonder if/whether Alice is 15 years old.I want to know:_ 他明天是否回来。_你是否喜欢可乐。,if he will come back.,if you like kole.,Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked t

11、he handbag.Lets see if/whether we can find out some information about that city.She asked me if/whether she could borrow these books.,e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）,if(whether)he will go to the park with us,whether(if)he can come,whether it is going to

12、 rain or not,1.当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.4.句子开头一定用whether(一开头，两前一后：句子开头，不定式or not前，介词后）,只用whether的情况,1）They were thinking about _(是否)they would go there.2)I dont know _(是否)she can help me or not.3)She cant decide _(是否)to go there on foo

13、t.4)Whether this is true,Im not sure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。,whether,whether,whether,三：当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Eg:How old is Alice?I want to know I want to know how old Alice is.Eg:How often do you go to the library?Cou

14、ld you tell me how often you go to the library?,Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who(whom)we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for

15、 a holiday?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema.,Please tell us how many students there are in your school?,Can you tell us how old his brother is?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready.,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?,1

16、.He asked _.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会）5.Can you tell me _.（他在哪儿）6.Could you tell me _.（我该怎么去车站）7.Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the class,when well hav

17、e a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,练习题,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter.A.either B.that C.weather D.whether2.We dont know _ they did it.A.how B.who C.what D.which 3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A.that B.if C.when D.what time 4.Do

18、es anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whether D.that,D,A,B,C,练习题,5.I wonder _ he is crying now.A.that B.why C.how D.when 6.Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island?A.what B.how C.if D.whether 7.Lily said _ she had finished her composition.A.if B.th

19、at C.when D.where 8.I dont know _ he still lives here.A.where B.what C.when D.whether,B,A,B,D,1.She said:“I like English very much.”She said()she liked English very much.2.The teacher asked:“Do you like English?”The teacher asked()English.3.Mike asked:“When will our plane land?”Mike asked().4.Mary a

20、sked me:“How long have you stayed inChina?”Mary asked me()()in China.,that,if/whether,when,how,long,I liked,our plane would land,I had stayed,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制,根据句意用所需要的任何一种时态。(主现，从不限),I know he lives here.I know he lived here ten years ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,第三讲：宾语从句的时态,

21、I hear(that)Tom has been to Guilin twice.I am sure(that)she will come tomorrow.I hear(that)Jim went to work an hour ago I know(that)he is interested in English.,I knew who lived here.I saw she was talking with her mother.He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.He said that he had seen i

22、t.,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的时态（主过，从四过）一般过去式/过去进行时/过去完成时/过去将来时（如有明确的时间标志表明是一般过去式/过去进行时，就用此时态；如判断该用将来时用过去将来时；如判断该用完成时，就用过去完成时。He said(that)he would go to Xian the next day.He said(that)he was ill yesterday.He said(that)he was reading a book at that time.He said(that)he had had supper already.,3.当从

23、句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理，客观存在的事实,自然现象、名言、谚语时主句即使使用了过去时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.,He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that no news is good news.The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.,He sai

24、d(that)time is money.,1.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write)2.Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move)round the sun.3.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take)4.Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai several times.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise)6.Can

25、you tell me what they _ yesterday?(do),would write,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,练习题,1.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)2.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.3.I hear they _(return)it already.4.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)5.He said tha

26、t they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be),Exercise,goes,were playing,have returned,were doing,had been,6.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)7.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)8.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)9.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorr

27、ow.(be),travels,are talking,were,will be,将下列句子合并为一句:1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.,

28、I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7.Did the students have a picnic last Sunda

29、y?Do you know?8.Mr.Smith have been in China for about three years.Jim told Lin Tao.,Do you know if/whether the students had a picnic last Sunday?,Jim told Lin Tao(that)Mr Smith had been in China for about three years.,9.Which book should I read first?Please tell me.10.Light travels faster than sound

30、.Our teacher told us in yesterdays class.,Please tell me which book I should read first.,Our teacher told us(that)light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class.,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?Could you tell us which gate w

31、e have to go to?Would you like to know when he will come back?,注意:,2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.He said(that)he was going to take care of the child.He asks if I like playing the piano.You may ask the man over there how you can

32、get to the bus station.,1-Mike wants to know if we(have)a picnic tomorrow.-Yes.But if it(rain),well visit the museum instead.2.I dont know if she(tell)me when she(arrive)我不知道当她回来时她是否会告诉我3.He didnt tell me when we(hold)the sports meeting the next week.,.,3.If 既可以引导_从句（是否），又可以引导 从句(如果).从句不同，词义、时态变化不同。

33、When既可以引导宾语从句,（何时）又可以引导 从句。从句不同，不同。(当的时候),will have,rains,will tell,arrives,would hold,宾语,条件状语,时间状语,词义、时态变化,I dont know when he _.When he _,Ill let you know.A.comes;comes B.will come;comesC.comes;will come D.will come;will come,B,解析：例1中包含有宾语从句和条件状语从句，前一句为宾语从句，后一句为时间状语从句。在宾语从句中，当主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意采用任何时

34、态，故第一空应填将来时；第二句是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句为将来时态，从句应该用一般现在时态，故答案为B。,单元语法聚焦三,4：宾语从句的“否定转移”当主句的谓语动词为think,believe等词，且主语为第一人称时，从句中的否定词not应转移到主句谓语动词。如：I think.She cant come.(合并为一句)I dont think she can come.,单元语法聚焦三,5：宾语从句的简化结构由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句通常可以简化成“特殊疑问词不定式”结构，此时主从复合句也就变成了简单句，但简化必须符合以下两种条件：1简单句的疑问词为原宾语从句的引导词；2原从句

35、的主语应与主句的主语或间接宾语一致。I dont know what I should do next.(改为简单句)I dont know _.,what to do next,单元语法聚焦三,考点6：含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句1陈述部分是“I/We think(know,believe,suppose,consider)that从句”或者是“Im/Were sure that;Im/Were afraid that;I/We hope that;It seems that”时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句一致，但需注意否定前移的情况。如：I dont think he is right

36、,_？Im sure that you know him well,_？,is he,dont you,单元语法聚焦三,7.如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。Your father believed you could succeed,_？Kate doesnt know if Jim is a good singer,_？,didnt he,does she,考点8：宾语从句中人称的变化注意宾语从句中人称代词的正确使用。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。,1.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station

37、B.where is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station2.Please tell me _.A.what does he like B.what he does like C.what he likes D.what he like3.My sister told him _.A.what day was it B.when the train arrived C.who she was waiting D.where did you live,C,B,D,4.Could you

38、 tell me where we _ next week.A.would go B.to go C.had to go D.will go5.Could you tell me how much _to fly to Hainan?A.do it cost B.does it cost C.it cost D.it costs6.The small children dont know _.A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in thei

39、r stockings,D,B,D,7.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 8.Could you tell me how long _?A.you have bought the watch B.you have kept this science book C.have you been away from China D.have you been a member of Greener China,B,D,【例1】When I went

40、to have the bill,I realized I had my wallet at home.2006 北京市 A.forgotten B.left C.had D.taken,中考典型例题解析,【例3】Do you know _ I could pass the exam?Sorry,Ive no idea.A.that B.whether C.what D.which,B,【例2】Could you tell me _?2003 甘肃省 A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back C.when Tom will come

41、 back D.when Tom comes back,C,B,【例4】Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?2003 北京海淀区 A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom did,C,【例7】Mr King didnt know _ yesterday evening.2003 吉林省 A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home C.when did his son come h

42、ome D.when his son came home,【例5】Do you know _?2003 北京市 Next year.A.when he come B.when did he come C.when he will come D.when will he come,C,【例6】Could you tell us _?2003 河南省 A.when you will send the fridge to our house B.when will you send the fridge to our house C.when you would send the fridge to

43、 our house D.when would you send the fridge to our house,D,A,.单项选择1.Do you remember _ last time?A.what is your teacher saying B.what your teacher said C.what did your teacher say D.what your teacher says2.He didnt tell me _ A.how old he was B.how old was he C.he was how old D.how much did it cost3.E

44、xcuse me,could you tell me _?A.whats wrong with him B.what wrong is with himC.what was wrong with him D.what wrong was with him,课时训练,(B),(A),(A),4.Excuse me，can you tell me _?A.when does the train leave B.when the train had left C.when the train leaves D.when did the train leave5.I wonder _.A.where

45、have you gone B.where you have gone C.where have you been D.where you have been6.He wants to know _ America.A.when will Mr.Li leave for B.when will Mr.Wang stay inC.why will Mr.Wang stay in D.when Mr.Wang will leave for7.I want to know if _ a meeting tomorrow.A.you have B.you will have C.do you have

46、 D.will you have,(C),(D),(D),(B),8.Id like to know _.A.when will he give back the tapeB.whether has he received higher educationC.that he has been busyD.whether she will join in our English Evening9.He asked me whether I _ to his birthday party if I _ time.A.was going,had B.would go,would have C.was

47、 going,was going to have D.will go,have10.He said he _ to visit that famous museum the next week.A.will go B.should go C.were going D.would go11.He asked _ they could go to Beijing or Nanjing.A.how B.what C.if D.whether,(D),(A),(D),(D),单元语法聚焦三,()12.Could you tell me_？Awhat to do it Bwhat to doChow t

48、o do Dwhen to do,B,解析特殊疑问代词what作do的宾语，故A项不正确；疑问副词how，when不能作宾语，C、D两项错误，故选B。,.句型转换同义句转换(1)He taught me how to surf.He taught me how _ _surf.(2)The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese well.The foreigners want to know_ _learn chinese well.(3)He cant decide which one to choose.He cant dec

49、ide which one _ _choose.(4)He asked“Do you like living here?He asked _you _living here.,I could,how to,he could,if,liked,(5)Could you tell me where I should show the tickets.Could you tell me _ _ _the tickets.(6)I wondered whether I could go.I wondered _ _go.(7)I dont know what I should say at the m

50、eeting?I dont know _ _say at the meeting.(8)Can you tell me which dress we should buy.Can you tell me _ _ _buy.,where to show,whether to,what to,which dress to,1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_WhoMovedMy Cheesewasaninterestingbook.（北京市东城区）A.that B.how C.what D.if,2.Idontknow_Mr.Greenwillcom