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1、长螺旋钻孔灌注桩施工方案目 录1 工程概况和设计要求1.1 工程概况1.2 编制依据1.3 施工条件2 工程施工部署2.1 施工前准备工作2.2 主要设备机具2.3 施工进度计划2.4 施工组织体系3 设计工作量及工程质量要求3.1设计工程量3.2工程质量要求4 成桩工艺4.1 工艺流程4.2 成孔工艺4.3 超留态砼压灌工艺4.4 钢筋笼制作、吊装5 工程施工管理措施5.1 质量保证措施5.2 安全保证措施5.3 施工管理措施6 常见质量问题及防治措施6.1 堵管6.2 卡钻6.3 断桩、缩径和桩身缺陷6.4 桩头不完整7 工程验收提交资料7.1 施工报告1、工程概况和设计要求1.1、工程概
2、况：本工程为长白机电设备检修基地2#办公楼桩基础工程，工程地点为曹妃甸，采用长螺旋灌注桩，桩径500/600，桩长约21米。1.2 编写依据 1公司质量手册、质量体系程序文件 2岩土工程勘察报告（2004-338）3建筑桩基技术规范（JGJ94-94）4建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范（GB50202-2002）5设计提供图纸 6工程施工合同1.3施工条件1.3.1、环境条件拟建场区地形较平坦，交通便利，水电量供应充足，地下无管线、电缆、沟渠等障碍物。1.3.2、地层条件依据勘察测绘有限公司提交的岩土工程勘察报告1.3.3、地下水地下水类型属潜水，稳定水位埋深1.0米，地下水对混凝土结构无腐蚀
3、，对钢筋混凝土中的钢筋具弱腐蚀，对钢结构具弱腐蚀。2 工程施工布署2.1 施工前准备工作2.1.1 编制施工组织设计，经公司总工审批之后报监理工程师审批。2.1.2 编制材料需要计划。2.1.3 做好“三通一平”工作，保证钻机作业要求并放定桩位基点基线。2.1.4 做好各级技术交底与各工种的培训工作。2.1.5 测量放线并由甲乙双方共同复测桩位基线，确定无误后，进行桩位放线，并做好标记。2.1.6 根据场地条件，合理布置施工现场，确定施工顺序。2.1.7 设备、材料进场，并复检材料，安装设备、机具。2.1.8 提出开工申请。2.1.9 签订各级安全、质量责任状。2.1.10 备齐各种技术表格，
4、准备施工。2.1.11 施工前作成孔试验2根，目的在于摸清地层情况，便于控制施工参数。2.2 主要设备机具主要施工机具一览表 名称规格型号数量功率（KW）长螺旋钻机CFG251台110混凝土输送泵HTB601台55泵输送管200m砼搅拌机JS5001套45电焊机DN-3002台352=70砼试模1501501506套全站仪索佳21101台水准仪S31台钢筋切割机202KW2台4.4装载机2001辆2.3 施工进度计划该工程施工时24小时连续作业，拟开动1台钻机，商品砼，配备2组灌注人员，完成该项任务约需要20天的时间。施工进度计划详见后附施工进度计划横道图。2.4 施工组织体系该工程施工实行项
5、目法施工管理，以安全、优质、高效为目标，建立以项目经理为首的管理体系（见施工组织管理体系框图），集中领导，统一指挥，明确责任，与经济挂钩，确保工程质量及施工工期。3 设计工程量及工程质量要求3.1 设计工程量根据设计图纸，桩长21m，桩径500/600mm，总灌注量1200立方米(浮浆按0.60m考虑，充盈系数按1.15考虑)。3.2 工程质量要求1桩位：偏差小于70mm。2桩长与孔深：桩长约21m，确保入持力层不小于0.8 m。3桩身混凝土标号C30。4桩垂直度允许偏差小于1。5桩径：偏差50mm。6坍落度：1822cm。7充盈系数：达到1.05。8桩顶标高：30mm、50mm。（0.0相当
6、于绝对标高见发建施）9钢筋笼制作严格按设计图纸加工，允许偏差符合混凝土灌注桩（钢筋笼）工程质量验收要求。10主筋保护层厚度50mm，桩钢筋锚入承台不小于35d。桩深入承台100mm。11单桩承载力特征值为1050kpa。12施工地面与有效桩顶标高距离不小于0.6m，以保证桩头施工质量和施工时隔桩跳打。13成桩后按设计要求，20%作低应变动测，1%作高应变动测，测桩要求按JGJ/T106-2003执行。4 成桩工艺4.1 工艺流程长螺旋钻孔灌注桩工序较复杂，各工序的质量，直接影响整个工程的质量，必须严格按照工艺流程施工，每道工序未经检查验收不得进入下道工序施工，如果相邻桩间距小于5倍桩径，则还应
7、隔桩跳打，工艺流程见“长螺旋钻孔灌注桩施工工艺流程图”。钻机钻孔至设计深度（约10分钟）砼搅拌储存（约10分钟）慢速提钻（约10分钟钢筋笼插入固定（约3分钟）钢筋笼起吊就位砼连续压灌（约10分钟）钻机移至下一个桩位（隔桩跳打）图1、长螺旋钻孔灌注桩施工工艺流程图4.2 成孔工艺长螺旋钻孔法是用一种大扭矩动力头带动的长螺旋中空钻杆快速干钻法，钻孔中的土除一部分被挤压外大部分被输送到螺旋钻杆叶片上，土在上升时被挤压致密与钻杆形成一土柱，土柱与与钻孔间隙仅几毫米，类似于一个长活塞，土柱使钻孔在提钻前不坍塌。即使在有地下水的地层，因土柱与钻孔间隙小，钻孔速度快，钻孔内渗出并积存的水很少，因此孔内不会坍
8、塌。4.3 超流态砼压灌工艺本工艺应用的超流态砼是在泵送砼和流态砼基础上配制的，其和易性、流动性好、坍落度大，便于泵送和长钢筋笼的下入。砼输送泵通过高压管路与长螺旋钻杆相连，中空的螺旋钻杆代停止钻杆回转，把搅好并储备的超流态砼通过泵管以约30Kpa的压力压至钻头底部，此时单向阀打开，砼压出并推动钻杆上升，随钻杆土柱的上升，孔内砼压满，由于孔内积聚高压，并有钻杆的抽吸作用，在软地段砼会充盈较多形成扩径桩，对提高桩承载力很有好处。4.4 钢筋笼制作、吊装4.4.1钢筋笼制作4.4.1.1钢筋笼设计要求桩基础钢筋笼主筋为16，螺旋筋为8；加强箍筋14。预留锚固筋长度为35d（详见设计图纸）。4.4.
9、1.2制作质量要求1主筋制作前必须平直，不得有局部弯曲；钢筋表面不得有油污和锈蚀。2主筋与加强箍筋之间点焊牢固，主筋与箍筋之间要绑扎牢固。3钢筋搭接采用搭接焊，搭接长度：双面焊5d，单面焊10d，d为钢筋直径。4按规范与设计要求制作，制作尺寸允许偏差如下：.项目允许偏差项目允许偏差主筋间距10 mm笼径10mm箍筋间距20mm笼长100mm4.4.2 钢筋笼吊装砼浆经加压泵随着螺旋钻上升将桩孔灌满后，随即吊装钢筋笼。安装钢筋笼时要求操作平稳，防止钢筋笼发生变形；下放钢筋笼时对准孔位中心轻放、慢放，严禁高起猛落、强行下放，防止倾斜、弯折或碰撞孔壁。经过点焊成型的钢筋笼吊起居中后靠自重即可插入砼一
10、定深度，笼较长靠自重或无法压入时，可加震动器震入。5 工程施工管理措施5.1 质量保证措施长螺旋钻孔灌注桩为地下隐蔽工程，施工过程中必须实行严格而有效的质量管理制度，以确保工程质量，特提出如下措施：5.1.1 对全体施工人员要加强质量管理，牢固树立“质量第一”的观念，做到人人重视质量，关心质量，自觉采取措施保证质量。5.1.2 实行全面质量管理，重点是钻进成孔、制笼、灌注混凝土和下钢筋笼四个主要工序，先行施工的工序未经检查验收不准进入下道工序施工。5.1.3 由工程技术人员、机台施工人员共同组成QC小组，及时解决施工中的质量问题。5.1.4 严格按设计要求制作钢筋笼，检验混凝土搅拌质量，水泥、
11、砂子、石子、水必须过磅，按配合比搅拌。5.1.5 认真、准确地做好各工序施工记录，及时交汇，发现问题后立即采取补救措施，对原始资料严格管理，及时整理归档，工程结束后写出施工报告。5.1.6 待桩砼养护28天后，根据设计桩顶标高，凿除桩头，由甲方选定测桩单位对桩进行测试。5.2 安全生产措施5.2.1 全施工人员都必须严格遵守安全操作规程，牢固树立“安全 第一”的思想，自觉采取措施确保安全生产。5.2.2 严格执行有关安全工作规定，互相监督，严防事故的发生。5.2.3 设置合理的供电系统，经常检查线路是否有断线、破皮、短路等情况。5.2.4 机械设备的安全装置必须处于良好状态，对裸露的传动系统或
12、易于造成事故的凸出部位设置安全防护罩。 5.2.5 各岗位工作人员，必须思想集中，认真操作，发现事故隐患及时处理，决不凑合。5.2.6 工地设置安全小组成员4人，除经常检查及时消除事故隐患外，行使下列权力：1当领导违章指挥时，有权拒绝执行。2当岗位人员违章蛮干时，有权停止其操作； 3在重大事故隐患未排除之前，有权停止生产；4对在安全生产中做出突出贡献和造成重大事故者有权提出奖罚意见。5.3 施工管理措施5.3.1 长螺旋钻孔灌注桩工艺程序繁杂，必须做到精心组织，科学管理。 5.3.2 建立健全组织管理机构，设置项目经理1人，工程技术负责1人，钻进成孔、制作钢筋笼、搅拌混凝土、砼灌注等主要工序，
13、分别设立负责人，名负其责。5.3.3 加强质量意识教育，实行全面质量管理，设质量检查员2人，严把质量关，各工序不经检查验收不得转入下道工序施工。以确保整个工程质量满足设计要求。5.3.4 加强计划管理，统筹安排各项工作，科学有效地指导施工。5.3.5 实行岗位责任制度，不仅包括工作量指标，而且含质量、安全等指标，充分调动广大施工人员的积极性，优质、安全高效地完成该项目钻孔灌注桩施工任务。6 常见质量问题及防治措施6.1 堵管长螺旋钻孔钻头两边设计有两个钻门，在施工过程中钻门关闭防止钻屑进入钻杆内造成钻杆堵塞。当泵砼时随着泵压增加两钻门打开，由此将砼灌入孔内。一旦提钻时钻门打不开，直接导致钻孔内
14、无混凝土，后果严重。所以要求每次开钻前后均应检查钻门是否卡死。如果出现塑性高的粘性土层，则采用钻具回转泵砼法，就是在泵砼的同时使钻具在提拉下正向回转，使挤压在钻门的泥松动或脱落，从而在泵压下打开钻门。6.2 卡钻长螺旋钻机钻进过程中如果钻具下放速度过快，致使钻出的钻屑来不及带出孔外而积压钻杆与孔壁之间，严重时就会造成卡钻事故。如果事故轻微，应立即关掉回转动力电源，将钻具用最低提升速度提起后重新施钻即可；如果事故严重首先应将钻机塔下大梁用机枕木垫好，再用最低提升速度拉钻具。6.3 断桩、缩径和桩身缺陷出现该问题的主要原因是由于钻杆提升速度太快，而泵砼量与之不匹配，在钻杆提升过程中钻孔内产生负压，
15、使孔壁塌陷造成断桩，而且有时还会影响邻桩。解决此类问题的方法一是合理选择钻杆提升速度，通常为1.82.4m/min，保证钻头在砼里埋深始终控制在1m以上，保证带压提钻；二是隔桩跳打，如果邻桩间距小于5d时，则必须隔桩跳打。6.4 桩头不完整造成这一问题的主要原因是停灰面过低，没预留充足的废桩头，有时提钻速度过快也会导致桩头偏低，解决之道在于平整工场地时保证地面与有效桩顶标高距离不小于0.6m，停灰面不小于有效顶以上0.6m。7 工程验收提交资料本工程施工结束后，应归档以下资料。7.1 施工报告7.2 附件7.2.1 桩位竣工平面图7.2.2 钢筋隐蔽工程检查验收记录7.2.3 混凝土工程施工记
16、录7.2.4 长螺旋钻孔泵压混凝土桩施工记录7.2.5 混凝土灌注桩（钢筋笼）工程检验批质量验收记录表7.2.6 混凝土灌注桩工程检验批质量验收记录表7.2.7 钢材、水泥、砂、石等原材检验报告7.2.8 钢筋焊接、试块抗压实验报告7.2.9 砼配合比通知单7.2.10 桩基检测报告7.2.11 桩基工程验收记录Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont
17、 agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedag
18、ainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of th
19、e date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals
20、are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help strai
21、ght away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, yo
22、ur solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Cit
23、izens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskf
24、orce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him
25、first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said the
26、y were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be b
27、ack in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚
28、于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but
29、 as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so imp
30、ortant; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketbal
31、l hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Orig
32、inally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined
33、to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的
34、想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into var
35、ious shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了
36、终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule
37、 attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and
38、 into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto so
39、mething resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into
40、the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop
41、 him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order
42、 to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there
