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1、Laryngeal obstruction,Causes:Infection Tumors Foreign bodies Trauma Allergy Malformation Laryngeal paralysis,Laryngeal obstruction,symptoms：inspiratory dyspneainspiratory stridordepression of suprasternal fossa,intercostal and supraclavicular space or epigastrium while inspirationhoarseness and even
2、 cyanosis,Laryngeal obstruction,classification:there is no symptoms at rest.But slight inspiratory dyspnea and stridor may occur during crying or on exertion,Laryngeal obstruction,classification:slight inspiratory dyspnea during quiet respiration,and exaggeration on exertion.Sleeping and taking the
3、meal is nearly normal,no evidence of hypoxia.,Laryngeal obstruction,classification:：with marked inspiratory dyspnea,loud stridor,depression of suprasternal and supraclavicular fossae and intercostal spaces,cyanosis,restless and struggles for air hunger,with quick pulse,high blood pressure and refuse
4、 meals.,Laryngeal obstruction,classification:：extremely dyspneic,restless,sweating,cyanoticsis.Pulse is rapid,irregular,weak and thready.B.P.drops.Finally circulatory collapse may occur or may die of asphyxia or cardiac failure.,Laryngeal obstruction,Treatment：etiological treatment,antibiotics andco
5、rticosteroid.,Laryngeal obstruction,Treatment：etiological treatment.in case of tumors of the larynx,trauma,bilateral vocal cords paralysis,tracheotomy is indicated.,Laryngeal obstruction,Treatment：If the laryngeal obstruction is caused by inflammation,medical treatment can be administrated under clo
6、se observation.Tracheotomy should be prepared.If dyspnea is not relieved,tracheotomy should be performed immediately.,Laryngeal obstruction,Treatment：Tracheotomy,Tracheotomy,Tracheotomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the anterior wall of the trachea to establish an airway.,Tr
7、acheotomy,Tracheotomy is often temporary and reversible if the patient is able to breathe through an unobstructed upper airway,Tracheotomy,Anatomy：2nd-4th ring of tracheaIndication：Laryngeal obstruction Secretion obstructed in lower respiratory tract(coma)Before some major head&neck surgery,Tracheot
8、omy,ComplicationsHemorrhageSubcutaneous emphysemaPneumothoraxDifficulty of decannulationLaryngeal or tracheal stenosis,Cricothyrotomy,Employed in first-aid cases.Making an opening in the membrane between the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage and insert a cannula.After the situation becomes stable,ordinary tracheotomy should be performed.,
