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1、Rhinology,Nasal dissection and physiology,dissection,鼻（Nose)External noseNasal cavityNasal sinuses,Dissection external nose,Shape of external nose：pyramidNasal rootNasal apexNasal bridgeNasal dorsumAlae nasiBasis nasi anterior nares，columella nasi，nasolabial fold,Dissection external nose,nose stretc
2、her：boneprefrontal bone nasal bone ascending processes of the maxillae palatine process,Pyriform aperture,nose stretcher：,cartilagelateral nasal cartilage greater alar cartilage,Dissection external nose,The venous drainage of the external noseThese veins mainly drain to internal carotid vein via ang
3、ular vein and facial vein，but angular vein communicate to cavernous sinus via the the ophthalmic veins。facial vein-no valve。danger triangle of face,Dissection nasal cavity,Nasal vestibulenasal cavity,鼻前庭：位于鼻腔最前部，由皮肤复盖，富有皮脂腺和汗腺，并长有鼻毛。固有鼻腔：通称鼻腔，有内、外、顶、底四壁。,鼻的应用解剖 鼻腔,Dissection,nasal cavity nostril、cho
4、anae internal、external、top、bottom,Nasal cavity,top:anterior:prefrontal bone nasal bone posterior:anterior wall of sphenoid sinus intermediate:cribriform platebottom:1.palatine process of maxilla 2.horizontal process of palate bone,Dissection,medial wall of nasal cavity Nasal septum：cartilage of nasa
5、l septum,lamina plate of ethmoid bone and vomer。Nosebleed area：the branches of arteries aggregate in intramembrane of nasal septum,easy to bleeding,so named Little area.,Lateral wall of nasal cavity Three turbinates dispose like ladder(superior,middle,inferior turbinate)superior,middle,inferior meat
6、us,Lateral wall of nasal cavity,Inferior turbinate and inferior meatus:middle turbinate and middle meatus:Lamella of middle turbinate(devide ethmoid sinus to anterior part and posterior part)The gap between the nasal septum and free margin of turbinate,named meatus of nose,Lateral nasal passage,Fron
7、tal sinus drain to anterior superior part of ethmoidal infundibulum via nasofrontal duct,second drainage is anterior part of ethmoid sinus，last open is maxillary sinus.uncinate process，ethmoid bulla，semilunar hiatus，ethmoidal infundibulum,Dissection,Ostiomeatal complex,OMC：middle turbinate and middl
8、e meatus，and other anatomical structure,anatomy basis of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery,FESS.,Dissection,artery：external carotid arteryMaxillary Artery Inferior part of nasal cavityinternal carotid arteryophthalmic arteryanterior ethmoid artery/posterior ethmoid arterysuperior part of nasal cav
9、ity,DissectionSINUSES,Nasal sinusesanterior sinuses apertures maxillary sinus middle meatusanterior ethmoid sinus middle meatusfrontal sinus middle meatus posterior sinuses aperturesposterior ethmoid sinus superiormeatusSphenoid sinus recessus sphenoethmoidalis,DISSECTION,maxillary sinus anterior wa
10、llcanine fossa posterior side wallnear internal pterygoid muscle superior wallorbital plate foot wallalveolar process（odontogenic maxillary sinusitis）medial wallhard to drain because of high aperture,frontal sinus,ethmoid sinus,sphenoid sinus,Nose skull homologic anatomy,anterior cranial fossa:hangi
11、ng wall of nasal cavity midpiece，posterior wall of frontal sinus,hanging wall of ethmoid sinusmiddle cranial fossa：hanging wall/lateral wall of sphenoid sinus（pituitary gland、cavernous sinus、internal carotid artery）,Nose oral homologic anatomy,posterior side wall of maxillary sinus：internal pterygoi
12、d muscleFootwall of maxillary sinus：second bicuspid and first molar、second molarFoot wall of nasal cavity：pars palatalis,Nasal physiology,Nasal cavity physiologyrespiratory functionlaminar flow AND turbulent flow nasal airway resistance AND nasal cycle Protection functioncleaning and filtration，warming and moisturizingolfactory functionresonant function,Nasal physiology,Nasal sinuses physiology resonant function，lighten weight and keep head balance,
