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1、专题五短文改错,思维导图,栏目索引,一、常见错误分析短文改错设置的错误归纳为词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑关系错误，这些错误大致涉及以下几个方面：(一)词法错误1.错词错词主要涉及名词、冠词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等的错误：(1)动词的误用，包括时态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、第三人称单数谓语动词等的误用。,技法点拨,It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析hadhave。考查动词时态。
2、根据上下文可知，文章的时态是一般现在时，所以应把had改为have。,However，my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me.(2016全国),解析,解析telltold。根据上下文可知，应用一般过去时，所以应把tell改为told。,(2)冠词的误用，不应该用冠词的地方用了冠词，应该用冠词的地方用错了或不用。,解析,My uncle says that he
3、 never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016全国),解析thea。考查冠词。此处为固定短语in a short period of time意为“在短时间内”，故用不定冠词。,典题印证,At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国),解析,解析删除the。考查冠词。at first意为“起初”，为固定搭配。,(3)名词的误用，包括可数名词和不可数名词的误用以及名词的单复数形式的误用。,If
4、we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析knowledgesknowledge。考查名词单复数。本句中名词knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。,One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015全国),解析,解
5、析parentparents。考查名词的数。根据下文可知，托尼是和他的爸爸妈妈一起出来的，所以用复数形式。,(4)形容词和副词的误用，包括系动词be和感官动词后的形容词的误用以及形容词和副词之间的误用。,Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析steadsteadily。考查副词。根据句意可知，此处grow是实义动词，意为“增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。,Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a
6、very seriously problem.(2015全国),解析seriouslyserious。考查形容词。此处应该使用定语修饰名词problem，故用形容词形式。,(5)介词的误用，包括对特定介词的用法意义判断错误以及固定搭配中的介词误用等。,Now I am leaving home to college.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析tofor。考查介词。leave.for.意为“前往”，为固定搭配，故应把to改为for。,We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a
7、good way of settling the matter.(2014辽宁),解析figure后加out。考查介词与动词的搭配。figure out意为“想出、算出”。此处表示“我们希望你们能想出一个解决这个问题更好的方法”之意，故不能漏掉介词out。,(6)代词的误用，包括人称代词的主格与宾格、反身代词、物主代词以及单词的单复数误用、代词指代错误等。,If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析yourou
8、r。考查代词。此处表示“我们能够拓宽我们的视野”。故应该使用our，与本句的主语we保持一致。,Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.(2015浙江),解析themit。考查代词。此处指代park，为单数名词，故用代词it。,2.缺词缺词是指句中漏掉了不能少的词，致使句子结构不完整、语法出现错误等，如冠词、介词、代词等的丢失。,But in that case，we will learn little about world.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析world前加the
9、。考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指“我们所生活的这个世界”。,Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015四川),解析want后加to。考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。,3.多词 画蛇添足，表现在改错中就是由于汉语的影响而出现的多词错误，一般有介词、连词、冠词、代词或助动词等的多余错误。,Though
10、not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全国),典题印证,解析,解析删除but。考查从属连词与并列连词。从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用。故应删除but。,My soccer coach retired in last week.(2015陕西),解析删除in。考查介词。因为last week可以单独作状语，不需要加介词in。,(二)句法错误1.名词性从句中的连接词以及其他疑问词的混用、误用,My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I li
11、ve.(2016全国),典题印证,解析thatwhere。考查宾语从句的连词用法。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导。,解析,How do you think I should do？(2015四川),解析 HowWhat。考查疑问词。本句第二个动词do缺少宾语，故用what。,2.定语从句中关系词的误用,典题印证,Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock
12、at night.(2013新课标全国),解析 thatwhich。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，应改为which。,解析,(三)行文逻辑错误衔接语句过程中易出现语句不通顺、逻辑混乱的错误以及误用连词before，after，since等。因此，要依据语境和句意正确判断句式，如果是并列句，注意语境下的转折、并列、选择、递进、让步等关系，然后取其“义”而连句成篇。,Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016全国),典题印证,解
13、析orand。考查并列连词。fresh vegetables与high quality oil为并列成分，故用表示并列关系的and来连接。,My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.(2015陕西),解析 afterwhen/while。考查连词。根据句意“我唯一的错误就是：当我打包的时候(饼干)掉在地上了一些”可知，表示“当的时候”，故用连词when或while。,解析,二、掌握改错技巧短文改错是一种对基础知识与综合技能的检测题。它主要检测考生对词法、句法和语篇中的行为逻辑
14、的把握。1.词法主要涉及名词的单复数，人称代词的性、数、格，不定代词和连接代词的用法，动词的时态和语态，情态动词和非谓语动词的用法，定冠词不定冠词的用法，并列连词和从属连词的看法，介词的搭配，形容词和副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等；,2.句法各类从句的连接，主谓一致，省略与替代，否定句型，强调句型，句子结构的连贯性、完整性等；3.语篇短文时态的前后呼应，代词的前后一致，逻辑的前后顺应等。,因此可以采用“五步法”闯过错误关：1.通读短文，把握文意 快速阅读短文，了解短文大意，利用短文大意攻克文中的错误，切忌拿到短文提笔就改。2.句词语法，逐句判断错误是按句设置的，
15、但并非每句都有错，必须依据句意和语法分析，逐句寻找错误。3.先易后难，逐类排查 先找出比较明显的错误，逐步缩小错误的范围。,4.行文逻辑，突破难点有些行文逻辑错误，从词法、句法的角度看是正确的，但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的。5.复读短文，检查答案注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理。,返回,跟踪训练,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016全国),解析考查名词。由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知，用名词形式。,答案解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13
16、,14,15,honesty,2.We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016全国),解析考查动词。情态动词can后面跟动词原形，而chose为过去时。,答案解析,choose,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,3.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.(2016全国),解析考查名词。此处指13到19岁这一年龄段的青少年，故year用复数形式。,答案解析,years,1,2,3,4,5,
17、6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,4.Mom has a full-time job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.(2016四川),解析考查名词的数。housework为不可数名词，不能用复数形式。,答案解析,housework,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,5.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.(2015全国),解析考查冠词。本句提到的乡下为特指概念。故用定冠词the。,答案解析,the,1,2
18、,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,6.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015全国),解析考查介词。玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in表示“在内部”。,答案解析,in,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,7.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江),解析考查动名词。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。,答案解析,sitting,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1
19、2,13,14,15,8.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(2015陕西),解析考查形容词最高级。根据in the world这个范围可知用最高级。,答案解析,best,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,9.In fact，I dont like to go anymore，so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.(2015四川),解析考查连词。此处意为“我不想再继续下去了，但我怕失去他们的友谊
20、”，根据句意可知此处为转折关系。,答案解析,but,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,10.Please help with me and give me some advice.(2015四川),解析考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故删除with。,答案解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,11.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost！(2014新课标全国),解析考查形容词。此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词tomatoes。,答案解析,wo
21、nderful,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,12.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.(2014辽宁),解析考查不定式。Its difficult to do sth.意为“做某事是困难的”，其中to为动词不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形。,答案解析,understand,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,13.Today，I am going to talk about what you should do
22、 when a fire alarm go off.(2014四川),解析考查主谓一致。主语a fire alarm为单数，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。,答案解析,goes,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,14.Yesterday afternoon，I paid visit to Mr.Johnson.(2013辽宁),解析考查动词固定搭配。pay a visit to意为“访问”。,答案解析,a,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,15.This made for the grow in the porcelain
23、industry.(2013新课标全国),解析考查名词。定冠词the后应跟名词形式，grow为动词，其名词形式为growth。,答案解析,growth,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11
24、处起)不计分。,1Li Hua and I were neighbors and we went to same school.We always go to school together.We were good friend and had a great deal to share with every day.However，one day，Li Hua copied my homework，which made me such angry that I did not want to be friends with him any long.,the,friends,so,long
25、er,答案解析,1.解析考查冠词。the same.意为“相同的”为习惯搭配。,2.解析考查名词的数。主语为复数形式we，故“朋友”用名词的复数形式。,3.解析考查介词。share仅表示“分享”，主语为复数形式，没有宾语就不用介词with。,4.解析考查固定搭配。soadj./adv.that.意为“如此以至于”；而such后要跟名词。此处angry为形容词，故将such改为so。,5.解析考查固定搭配。not.any longer意为“不再”。,6.解析考查动名词。介词without后用v.-ing形式作宾语。,Then on Monday morning I ran downstairs
26、without realize it was raining，but there was no time to return home to fetch an umbrella.It happens that Li Hua was just around the corner and he offered to share her umbrella with me.He made an apology to me in a gently voice.I forgave him but gave him a hug.,happened,his,gentle,and,答案解析,7.解析考查动词时态
27、。作者叙述发生过的事情，整篇文章均为过去的情况，故用一般过去时。,8.解析考查代词。作者叙述与朋友李华之间发生的事情，根据上下文提到的he及him可知，用代词his。,9.解析考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词voice。,10.解析考查连词。此处指“原谅他并且拥抱了他”，动词forgive与give为并列动作，故用并列连词and。,realizing,2 After school，I was about to enter into my apartment when I saw a little dirty dog lie beside the dustbin.He looked ex
28、tremely weak.Immediately the homeless dog filled me of sympathy.So I decided to take him home.I gave him some food and a bath.After the bath he looked energy and refreshed.What a lovely dog!,lying,答案解析,with,energetic,1.解析考查介词多余。enter表示进入某个具体处所时，其后不需要加介词。,2.解析考查非谓语动词。see.doing sth.意为“看到正在做某事”，故用现在分词作
29、宾语补足语。,3.解析考查介词。fill.with.意为“用充满”，为固定搭配，故用介词with。,4.解析考查形容词。此处look是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，故用energetic。,When my parents got home，I asked that I could keep the dog.To my surprised and joy，they agreed.Up to now，he has become member of our family and everyone had enjoyed his company.Looked at the cute and happy d
30、og today，I realize that I was right to help him.I offered him a shelter and he brought ourselves great happiness and laughter.,答案解析,if/whether,surprise,a,5.解析考查连词。根据语境可推知，作者当时是要征询父母的意见，表示“是否”，故用if或whether引导宾语从句。,6.解析考查名词。根据and joy和my可知，此处应用名词形式并且to ones surprise“令某人吃惊的是”为固定结构。,7.解析考查冠词。a member of.表
31、示“中的一员”。,has,Looking,us,8.解析考查时态和主谓一致。根据and前的has become可知，此处应用现在完成时，且谓语动词应与主语everyone保持数的一致性，故用has。,9.解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，look和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作伴随状语。,10.解析考查代词。此处为固定搭配bring sb.sth.，主语与宾语指代的人称不一致，故不用反身代词，应用代词的宾格形式us。,1.解析考查名词性从句。这是一个主语从句，在从句中缺主语，根据句意应用连接代词what。,2.解析考查副词。表示“在之前”的时候，如果句子用的是一般过去时
32、，要用ago；但若句子用的是完成时，就要用before。,3 Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now，and that had seemed very strange ago now appears quite normal.“Ive just got one more thing achieve.I have been very occupied to work that I havent had time for social activities.I think its important to ha
33、ve a balance in study and a social life，so Im going to join in a few clubs.,3.解析考查不定式。在本句中，由于有谓语动词have got，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。根据句意，要用不定式表目的。,答案解析,what,before,to,so,with,between,4.解析考查固定句式。so.that.为固定句型，意为“如此以至于”。,5.解析考查介词。be occupied with为固定搭配，意为“专注于”。,6.解析考查介词。have a balance between.and.为固定搭配，意为“在和之间获得平衡
34、”。,7.解析考查固定短语。join意为“加入”，后跟“组织”；join in意为“参加”，后跟“活动”。根据句意，要把in删除。,Hopeful，Ill make some new friends.”We will follow Xie Leis progresses in later editions of this newspaper but for now，we wish Xie Lei all the best in his new enterprise.She deserves to succeed.,答案解析,Hopefully,progress,her,8.解析考查副词。在句首
35、，要用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，故用Hopefully。,9.解析考查名词。progress是不可数名词。,10.解析考查代词。根据上文可知，Xie Lei为女性，故把his改为her。,4 Years of school life has taught me a lot of things，by which teamwork is the most important for me.In fact，I didnt realize it importance until I was chosen the monitor of my class in my senior middle schoo
36、l.At first，I did most of the duties myself when other students cared little about class activities.,答案解析,of,its,while,1.解析考查介词。先行词a lot of things与介词构成所属关系，故用介词of。,2.解析考查代词。根据上文内容可知，此处代词代替上文的teamwork，作定语修饰importance，故用形容词性物主代词its。,3.解析考查冠词。monitor为职位，应用零冠词修饰。,4.解析考查连词。根据语境“在同时”表示对比，故用连词while。,As a re
37、sult，I was tired out and depressing.Then I turned to my teacher but he advised me cooperate with others.Thus I begin to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.It is working in teams instead of by my own which has freed me of trouble and made me work more ef
38、ficiently.,答案解析,depressed,and,I(或me后加to),began,5.解析考查形容词。depressed意为“感到失望的”，主语为人。,6.解析考查连词。此处作者发出的是两个并列动作，故用and连接。,7.解析考查不定式或从句。此处可以用advise sb.to do sth.句式或advise后跟从句形式，这样给出的答案可以在me后加to或me改为I。,8.解析考查动词时态。根据上下文叙述的语境可知此处用一般过去时。,9.解析考查介词。on my own 意为“靠自己，独自一人”，为固定搭配，故把by改为on。,10.解析考查强调句型。根据强调句型的用法，此处为It is.that.，被强调部分为状语成分，故把which改为that。,on,that,返回,
