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1、A Comparative Study of Chinese and English ProverbsAcknowledgementsIn writing this paper, I have benefited from the presence of my dear classmates. They generously helped me collect materials I needed and gave me the invaluable suggestions. I hereby extend my grateful thanka to them for their kind h
2、elp, without which the paper would not have been what it is.Particularly, I am deeply indebted to teacher *, my supervisor, who guided me throughtout my writing of this thesis. He carefully read the whole draft and offered painstaking and precious criticism. His standards of academic excellence have
3、 made my revision an exciting and gratifying experience. I also wish to sincerely thank my cassmates and friends Zhang Yang and Zhang Weibing, whose brilliant ideas and perceptive have proved immensely constructive.My parents took good care of my life and gave me a lot of encouragement when I was wo
4、rking at this thesis. They always share my weal and woe. I feel much grateful and heartily owe achievement to them.Lastly, I aslo thank to my school * Abstract Proverbs are the cream of a language. They reflect the relationship between language and culture. Human beings common social activities are
5、in many aspects similar, so English and Chinese proverbs have similarities. Because of the cultural differences, English and Chinese proverbs have differences in their detailed contents. The author compares their similarities and differences and also proposes that English and Chinese proverbs will b
6、reak the boundary and accomplish interfusion. English and Chinese proverbs have similar origin and similar linguistic characters. They both originate from folk life, mythology, literary works and from other languages. Differences between English and Chinese proverbs also exist. That is different geo
7、graphy; different history customs; different religions and different value concepts. So it is not a easy job for translation between Chinese and English proverbs. Therefore the auther analyses the problems when translating and proposes four translation methods:free translation, literal translation,
8、substitution translation, literal translation combined with free translation. Key Words：proverbs; definition；similarities; differences; theory; translation内容摘要谚语是语言的一个重要组成部分，是各国语言文学艺术宝库中的一朵奇葩。谚语体现了语言与文化的关系。由于人类的普遍社会活动和心理思维过程有许多共同之处，因此英汉谚语也存在着相同之处。但由于各国具体历史文化背景的不同，所以英汉谚语又存在着差异。本文分析了英汉谚语的相同点与不同点，并提出英汉
9、谚语在跨文化交际中的渗透与融合。英汉谚语有着相同的起源和语言特点。都来自民间生活，神话传说，文学作品和外来语。英汉谚语的语言具有简炼和生动形象的特点。但从具体内容来看，英汉谚语表现了不同的地理、历史、宗教和文化价值观念。正是以上这些原因使得英汉谚语的翻译比较困难，所以作者分析了在翻译时应该注意的问题并在最后讨论了四种不同的翻译方法：直译，意译，对等翻译，直译和意译相结合。关键词：谚语；定义；相同点；不同点；理论；翻译ContentsAcknoledgements.iAbstract(English).iiAbstract(Chinese).iii1. Introduction.12. The
10、definition of proverb and the comparasion with adage, byword, idiom, saying and phrase.23. Similarities between English and Chinese proverbs.23.1 Similar origins.3 3.1.1 Originating from folk life.43.1.2 Originating from religion.5 3.1.3 Originating from literary works.6 3.1.4 Originating from other
11、 languages.6 3.2 Similar linguistic characters.6 3.2.1 Conciseness.7 3.2.2 Vividness.84. Differences between English and Chinese proverbs.8 4.1 Different geography.9 4.2 Different history customs.10 4.3 Different religions.10 4.4 Different value concepts.115. Translation methods of proverbs.126. Con
12、clusion.13.1. IntroductionProverbs, in colorful and vivid language, reflect important typical cultural values of every culture . Simple and popular, concise and pithy, they are passed on from gengeration to generation in the readable oral form and have gradually become a component indispensable to t
13、he dominant culture of that nation. Proverbs have a long history. They are brief and well-polished expressions embedded in philosophical ideas concerning different aspects of life. They are the summary of people experience in everyday life, so they originated from peoples daily life and experience.
14、To be specific, they come from folk life, religion, mythology, literary works, other languages, famous writers wisdom, a nations history and so on. English proverbs are rich and colorful. With regard to the everlasting charm of the English proverbs, there are many different reasons. The most importa
15、nt one is the extensive use of rhetorical devices and rhythmatical ways, so their language is full of image and vividness and has a strong artistic beauty and powerProverbs are short sayings of folk wisdom of well-known facts or truths compendious expressed and in a way that makes them easy to remem
16、ber. Because the proverbs are so brief, they have universal appeal. Many people love to pick up proverbs. The use of one or two in the original language is often a minor victory for the beginning foreign language learners. Proverbs may provide interesting little glimpses or clues to a peoples geogra
17、phy, history, social organization, social views, and attitudes. People who live along seacoasts and whose livelihood is dependent on the sea will have proverbs about sailing, about braving the weather, about fish and fishing. In cultures where old age is revered, there will be proverbs about the wis
18、dom of the elders.Proverbs tell much about a peoples traditional ways of experiencing reality, about the proper or expected ways of doing things, about values and warnings, and rules and wisdoms the elders want to impress on the minds of their young. The 1important character of proverbs the shorter
19、the better makes it easy to commit them to memory for ready recall when the occasion calls for serious or humorous comment or warning. Created by people in high and low status, humble folk and great authors, borrowed from ancient or neighboring cultures, proverbs have been accumulating over many cen
20、turies. Some are only locally known; many are shared around the world. If one wants to have better knowledge of English culture， he should be familiar with the sources and functions of English proverbs.2. The definition of proverb and the comparasion with adage, byword, idiom, saying and phraseThe d
21、efinition of proverb by Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary is “short well- known saying that states a general truth or gives advice.” Wu Zhankun said that proverbs are the crystal of national wisdom and experience. They are frequently used orally and handed down from generation to g
22、eneration and usually give people information and speak the truth. They are short sentences with common style, concise structure, and vivid language. Wang Qin said that proverbs are the summing up of practical experiences. They are the oral forms of language that give people experience, advice or wa
23、rning. The great English philosopher Francis Bacon once said:“The genius, wit and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs.” From these definitions, we can see common characters of proverbs. Proverbs are the crystal of the national wisdom and experience. Proverbs are colloquial, so they are
24、 very easy to be remembered and handed down. They usually give people advice and warning. Proverbs are the cream of a language. Language and culture are tightly interacted with each other; each influencing and shaping the other. Language is part of culture. The Chinese language is part of China cult
25、ure and English language is part of English culture. Language is the carrier and container of culture. Human knowledge and experience are described and stored in language. As a part of language, proverbs closely integrated with the society and culture. Proverbs reflect many aspects of the nation suc
26、h as geography, history, religious faith and values. English and Chinese belong to two different language systems, having great differences in their cultures. But human beings common social activities and emotional reflection and observation of the world are in many aspects similar. So not only diff
27、erences but also many similarities exist in English and Chinese proverbs. With the communication of world, English and Chinese proverbs are permeating and interfusing each other.3. Similarities between English and Chinese proverbsThe similarities between English and Chinese proverbs mainly lie in th
28、eir origins and linguistic characters.3.1 Similar origins3.1.1 Originating from folk life Proverbs are the summary of people experience in their everyday life. The summarized experience and reason are abstracted from the practice of peoples life and work. They express peoples simple and healthy thou
29、ghts, feelings and sentiments. More often than not, it reveals a universal truth from a particular point so as to enlighten people. A great number of proverbs were created by working people such as seamen, hunters, farmers, workmen, housewives and cooks and so on, using familiar terms that were asso
30、ciated with their own trades and occupations. For example, Living without the aim is like sailing without a compass was first used by seamen; If you run after two hares, you will catch neither by hunters; April rains for corn, May, for grass by farmers; New broom sweeps clean by housewives and Too m
31、any cooks spoil the broth by cooks, etc. Such expressions were all colloquial and informal and once confined to a limited group of people engaged in the same trade or activity. But they were proved to be vivid, and forcible and stimulating, so later they broke out of their bounds and gradually gaine
32、d wide acceptance. As a result, their early stylistic features faded in some way and many have come to become part of the common core of language, now being used in different occasions. Some proverbs are related to some folk practice and customs. For example, Good wine needs no bush. This proverb is
33、 from an ancient popular English practice. In the past, English wine merchants tended to hang some ivy bushes or a picture of ivy bushes on their doors as a symbol of wine selling. But some merchants wine was so good that it cant be ignored without sign. This in fact shows the past common practice t
34、hat merchants of different trades would hang different particular things as signs for their goods. Some proverbs came from ancient people deeply rooted beliefs such as their superstitious tendency and belief. In the past, English people believed that if a person spoiled salt from the salt bottle, mi
35、sfortune and bad luck would follow. Then this person must scatter the spoiled salt from their left shoulders so as to drive off their ill luck. In turn, English people have got the proverb Help me to salt and you help me to sorrow. Some proverbs come from peoples distinction between sexes such as th
36、eir discrimination against women. It comes from a deeply rooted traditional viewpoint. Such as Three women and a goose make a market; Long hair and short wit; The more women look in their glass，the less they look to their house. 3.1.2 Originating from religion Bible is essential for British and Amer
37、ican cultures. It is said that their cultures are not integrated without Bible. It is safe to say that Bible influences every aspect of its disciples life. Consequently, many sayings and sentences in Bible have been popularly accepted. They have been deeply rooted among people and people frequently
38、use them to cite a truth or express their ideas without paying any attention to their origins any more. These sayings are no longer only confined to religion and they have become proverbs which reflect English people religious faith such as Every man must carry his own cross This proverb is from Bib
39、le, Matthew, on the grounds of Matthew, the main idea is like this: “As the soldiers went out, they came upon a man from Cyrene named Simon; they compelled this man to carry Jesus cross. And when they came to a place called Golgotha (which means Place of a skull), they offered Jesus wine to drink, m
40、ixed with gall; but when he tasted it, he would not drink it. And when they had crucified him, they divided his clothes among themselves by casting lots; then they sat down there and kept watching over him. Over his head they put the charge against, which read, “This is Jesus, the king of the Jews.”
41、 From this, we can know that cross means sufferings. The proverb tends to tell us that everyone should put up with misery in daily life and undertake the lifes burden. Another proverb is also from the Bible: One doesnt live only by bread. It is from the Bible, Deuteronomy，the general idea is: “ Reme
42、mber the long way that the Lord your God has led you these forty years in the wilderness, in order to humble you, testing you to know what was in your heart, whether or not you would keep his commandments. He humbled you by letting you hunger, then by feeding you with Manna, with which neither you n
43、or your ancestors were acquainted, in order to make you understand that one does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of the Lord.” From this, we can know that material is not the only thing that is indispensable to men. Spirit is also very important. Is one is only searched for material, he will be considered as animals, for the most distinctive characteristic between men and animals is that men have pursuit of spirit but animals havent. Many images in these proverbs have didactic meanings. English people believe in Christ
