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1、毕 业 论 文（设 计）题目：家庭教育的典范浅析小妇人中马奇太太的教育方式（英文）：The Model of the Family Education- The Analysis of the Education Way of Mrs.March in Little WomenThe Model of the Family Education- The Analysis of the Education Way of Mrs.March in Little WomenAbstractLittle Women is an autobiographical novel, which records
2、 the growth process of four girls under their mothers teaching in an ordinary family during the American civil war. This process is reflected by the conflicts of the four girls growing: performing traditional women duties or pursuing individual character development. Mrs. March is not a specialist i
3、n education, but she is a real educational art executor. She is the intimate friend of the daughters and sets a good family situation. Key words: family atmosphere；practice；education毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也
4、不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行
5、研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日
6、期： 年 月 日家庭教育的典范浅析小妇人中马奇太太的教育方式摘要摘要：美国女作家奥尔科特的小妇人一直深受广大读者的喜爱。小说中马奇四姐妹的光辉品质一直都是众多读者关注的对象，但是这四位优秀女性的培养者马奇太太却常常被人忽视。马奇太太不是教育方面的专家，却是真正的教育艺术的践行者。可以从创造良好的家庭氛围、做孩子的知心人、让孩子从实践中接受教育等三个方面了解马奇太太的教育方式，这只是马奇太太教育艺术的一部分，从马奇太太身上我们可以借鉴和学习的家庭教育方式还有很多，如言传身教、循循善诱、立身为范等等。 关键字：教育方式；家庭氛围；实践；教育Content1. Introduction12. The
7、 Reflection of Family Education in the Marches22.1. The Way of Family Education22.1.1.Talent Improvement22.1.2. Language and Behavior22.1.3. Valuation Affirming52.2. The Effects of the Education Art for Children52.2.1. For Meg52.2.2.For Jo62.2.3 For Beth72.2.4 For Amy72.3. The Meaning of the Family
8、Education82.3.1. The View of the All-around and Elementary Education82.3.2. The Favorable Value of the Family Education83. Conclusion9References10Acknowledgements111. Introduction1.1. Rationale and Significance In the last few years, with the development of diathetic education stricken root into the
9、 hearts of people, the family education has been a hot spot of society, because good family education is closely related to childrens quality and behavior, and related to the future of our country. At present, the situation of family education is good, large number of parents and schools have create
10、d successful experience, even many parents study the family education knowledge initiatively, so the educational idea has undergone the profound change. The novel Little Women quite caters to the social change. Therefore, the thesis will focus on the family education, and analyse how Mrs.March educa
11、tes her four daughters and the effects.In the past, there were some researches on the family education in the novel Little Women. For example, the doctrine of education and the childish standard, written by Yi Lexiang, personality and family education(Xu Qi), the travel of soul in growing-up ( Wang
12、ruixue), analyse the character structure in Little Women. While the novel talks about the disturbances and vexations which the four sisters experience, then tells us how they overcome difficulties and get success. According to the clue, this thesis will explore the family education in the novel, and
13、 highlight the effects of the family education.1.2. Research Questions There are three research questions in this thesis. The first is how Mrs. March educate her four children. The second one is what the effects of the family education for the four children are. The third one is what the meaning of
14、the family education is.1.3. Outline of the Thesis There are five chapters in this thesis. Part One is introduction. Part two is the reflection of family education in the Marches. Part three is the effects of the education art for children. Part four is the meaning of the family education. The last
15、one is conclusion.2. The Reflection of Family Education in the Marches2.1. The Family Education Way2.1.1. Talent Improvement Little women mainly refers to the story in which the four sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. They grow up in the difficult circumstance. The March sisters are industrious and kin
16、d, but each of them also has their shortcomings. And their father letter encourages them to overcome their weaknesses, and improve their spirit self-cultivation. The writer Alcott. L. M named some chapters in the name of matters in the name of matters in the novel of the Pilgrims Progress, hinted th
17、at the sisters would reach the goal after encountering difficulties, just like the pilgrims. Although the sisters have different personalities and talents, they all pay attention to the improving of soul, and make it perfection, and strongly keep independence. In the progress, the encourage from the
18、ir fathers letters and the right guide-ness from their mother play a very important role in their growth. Jo becomes an obedient and tame Little Women, but before that, she was a naughty and rebellious tomboy. Beth overcomes timidity, and gets her lovely piano, and reaches her beautiful palace. Amy
19、becomes an elegant and dignify fair maiden from a selfish and arrogant girl.2.1.2. Language and Behavior Mr. and Mrs. March in the novel set a good example for their children. They play an essential role in perfecting personalities in their grown-up. Mr.March, seeking perfection of moral, is a gentl
20、e prudent and over-intelligent man. He is also honest and loyal. And he always takes pity on everyone, so he is the pillar of the family, while his wife is well-educated and reasonable, and knows how to teach by language and behavior. Just the excellent couple cultivates their four outstanding daugh
21、ters. They never blame their daughters when they make mistakes or when they lose hearts confronting hardships. On the contrary, they always tell their experience patiently to educate them. In the Chapter One, in his letter, their father emphasizes that: Give them all my dear love and a kiss. Tell th
22、em I think of them by day, pray for them by night, and find my best comfort in their affection at all times. A year seems very long to wait before I see them, but remind them that while we wait we may all work, so that these hard days need not be wasted. I know they will remember all I said to them,
23、 that they will be loving children to you, will do their duty faithfully, fight their enemies bravely, and conquer themselves when I come back to them, I may be fonder and prouder than ever of my little women.Next, the girls talk about what they should correct and perfect-Amy hides her face on her m
24、others shoulder and sobs out, “I am a selfish girl! But I will try to be better, so he may not be disappointed I me.” “We all will!” cries Meg, “I think too much of my looks and hate to work, but wont any more, if I can help it.” “I will try and be what he loves to call me, a “little woman”, and not
25、 be rough and wild, but do my duty here instead of wanting to be somewhere else.” says Jo, thinking that keeping her temper at home is a much harder task than facing a rebel or two down south.(Little Women, 2000: 18-20) Without doubt, Fathers words are always warming them what should they do or not.
26、 When their father comes back, he is satisfied with their behaviors, and praises them.He says, to Meg, he remembers a time when this hand was white and smooth, and her first care was to keep it so. It is very pretty then, but to him it is much prettier now-for in these seeming blemishes he read a li
27、ttle history. A burnt offering has been made of vanity, this hardened palm has earned something better than blisters; and he is sure the sewing done by these pricked fingers will last a long time, so much goodwill goes into the stitches. He values the womanly skill which keeps home happy more than w
28、hite hands of fashionable accomplishments. He is proud to shake this good, industrious little hand, and hopes he should not soon be asked to give it away.For Jo, he says, in spite of the curly crisp, he doesnt see the “son Jo” whom he left a year ago, he sees a young lady who pins her collar straigh
29、t, laces her boots neatly, and neither whistles, talks slang, nor lay on the rug as she used to do. Her face is rather thin and pale just now, with watching and anxiety, but he likes to look at it, for it has grown gentler, and her voice is lower; she doesnt bounce, but moves quietly, and takes care
30、 of a certain little person in a motherly way which delights me. He rather misses his wild girl, but he gets a strong, helpful, tenderhearted woman in her place, he should feel quite satisfied. He doesnt know whether the shearing sobers their black sheep, but he knows that in all Washington he could
31、nt find anything beautiful enough to be bought with the five-and-twenty dollars her good girl sent him.For Beth, he says, there is so little of her. He is afraid to say much, for fear she would slip away altogether, though she is not so shy as she used to be.For Amy, he says, he observes that Amy ta
32、kes drumsticks at dinner, runs errands for her mother all the afternoon, gives Meg her place tonight, and has waited for everyone with patience and good humor. He also observes that she does not fret much nor look in the glass, and has not even mentioned a very pretty ring which she wore; so he conc
33、ludes that she has learned to think of other people more and of herself less, and has decided to try and molded her character as carefully as she molded her little clay figures. He is glad of this, altough he should be very proud of a graceful statue made by her, he should be infinitely proud of a l
34、ovable daughter with a talent for making life beautiful to herself and others.While Mrs.Marchs education to their daughters embodies in the daily life, she let daughters send breakfast to a poor woman as a Christmas present. In the chapter of Playing Pilgrims, to make daughters understand that human
35、 existence and life is a really drama, Mrs. Marchs talked: “We are playing all the time in one way or another. Our burdens are here, our road is before us, and the longing for goodness and happiness is the guide that leads us through many troubles and mistakes to the peace which is a true Celestial
36、City. Now, my little pilgrims, suppose you begin again, not in play, but in earnest, and see how far on you can get before Father comes home.”(Little Women, 2000:23) When their children complains about poor and tired, Mrs. March tells an old man to send his four sons to battlefield to them and makes
37、 a comparison to let them understand how rich they are and how happy they are for the sake of God. Later they make an experiment. That is, the children could try their experiment for a week and see how they like it. Next morning, Meg does not appear till ten o clock; her solitary breakfast does not
38、taste nice; and the room seems lonely and untidy, for Jo has not filled the vases, Beth has not dusted, and Amys books lay scattered about. It seems that they get something. In the end of the experiment, mother says: “Work is wholesome, and there is plenty for everyone; it keeps us from ennui and mi
39、schief, is good for health and spirits, and gives us a sense of power and independence better money or fashion.” (Little Women, 2000: 34) What Mother said lectures greatly inspire them? They say they will work like bees, and love it too.2.1.3. Valuation Affirming There are so many preaches in the no
40、vel. In the circumstance, the children are growing up, overcoming difficulties and correcting shortcomings. Whats more important, the couple always set a good example with their own conducts. This is an important reason which let the children get success. For example, when Jo is anxious about how to
41、 get rid of her bad temper, and when Meg is not getting well on with John. Mrs. March makes Jo understand that it would take a long time to correct bad temper with her own experience, Meg understands that she should not have neglected her husband, and let him join in her life. In a word, whether tea
42、ching by words of mouth or examples, the four sisters get a lot of valuable information which taking a positive effect.2.2. The Effects of the Education Art for Children.2.2.1. For Meg Meg is a gentle and soft girl, and likes to perform, and writes dramas, but sometimes, she is vain, and easy to be
43、allured by wealth and fame. After experiencing ups and downs of Vanity Fair, mother says she wants her daughters to be beautiful, accomplished, and good; to be admired, loved, and respected; to be loved and chosen by a good man is the best and the sweetest thing which can happen to a woman, and she
44、sincerely hopes her girls may know this beautiful experience. If her daughters marry rich men merely because they are rich, or have splendid houses, which are not homes because love is wanting, money is a needful and precious thing- and when well used, a noble thing- but she never wants Meg to think
45、 it is the first or only prize to strive for. She would rather see her daughters as poor men wife, if they were happy, beloved, contented, than queens on thrones, without self-respect and peace.But later Meg is not vain any more. Because of this, her father thinks highly of her. She married John. Ev
46、en after they get married, Meg also listens to her mothers criticisms with an open mind. When she does not get on well with John because of housework and children, her mother told her: “John is a good man, but he has his faults, and you must learn to see and bear with them, remembering your own. Pea
47、ce and happiness depend on keeping his respect. Watch yourself, be the first to ask pardon if you both err, and guard against the little piques, misunderstanding, and hasty words that often pave the way for bitter sorrow and regret.” (Little Women, 2000: 45)She also tells Meg that she has only made
48、the mistake that most young wives make-forgets her duty to her husband in her love for her children. For children should draw her nearer than ever, not separate her, as if they were all her, and John has nothing to do but supporting them. Besides, she owes something to John as well as the babies; doesnt neglect husband for children, doesnt shut him out of the nursery, but teache
