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1、本科毕业论文 深圳市私营企业对外贸易面临 的问题及对策学生姓名： 学生学号： 院（系）： 外 国 语 学 院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科2班 指导教师： 二七年五月Problems of Foreign Trade of Shenzhen Private Enterprises and the CountermeasuresHu LingUnder the Supervision ofZhou RonghuiSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstractIKey wor
2、dsI摘要II关键词IIIntroduction1. A Brief Introduction of Foreign Trade of Shenzhen Private Enterprises3A. The Background3B. The Present Situation3C.The Problems4. Causes for the Problems4A. The Obstacles Made by the Governments5B. The Problems of Specialized Foreign Trade Talents61. The Shortage of Specia
3、lized Talents72. The Professional Ethics Ignored in Foreign Trade Talents Recruitment8. Countermeasures to the Problems9A. The Countermeasures Taken by the Governments9B. The Countermeasures of Specialized Talents111. The Recruitment of Specialized Talents112. The Recruitment of Experienced Talents1
4、23. The Recruitment of High Professional Ethics Talents12Conclusion14Acknowledgements.15Bibliography16AbstractWith the development of global economy, the economy of China is growing rapidly. In the meantime, the development of Shenzhen private enterprises has kept a favorable condition and the forei
5、gn trade of Shenzhen private enterprises is developing prosperously, but some inevitable problems are coming out. This paper mainly contains three major parts: the problems of foreign trade of private enterprises; the analysis of the causes to the problems and the countermeasures to the problems. In
6、 the countermeasures are discussed two main points: Market access and perfection of the recruitment and management of the specialized foreign trade talents. The paper aims at pointing out some problems and finding out the countermeasures of the development of foreign trade of Shenzhen private enterp
7、rises. Key WordsPrivate Enterprises; Foreign Trade; Problems; Countermeasures摘要随着全球经济一体化发展，我国经济迅速增长.深圳市的私营企业保持着良好的发展势头。但是与此同时，也出现了一些不可忽视的问题。本论文主要探讨了深圳市私营企业外贸发展中存在的问题和对策.。论文主要包含三个方面的内容：第一是深圳市私营企业存在的主要问题；第二是分析问题的原因; 第三重点提出了解决问题的措施, 其中提出了各级政府应采取的一系列措施,和私营企业应该不断完善它们对专门外贸人才的招聘和管理制度。本论文旨在提出深圳市私营企业对外贸易事业发展
8、中存在的问题，并找出解决问题的办法。关键词私营企业；对外贸易；问题；对策IntroductionWith the development of global economy, the economy of China is growing rapidly, and it is also experiencing a historic transformation. In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization, and by and by the world market came to us directly. Under such c
9、ondition, the foreign trade of private enterprises of China is developing prosperously, and the private enterprises are participating in the international cooperation and competition actively. During the first half of 2006, the export values of Shenzhen private enterprises have exceeded the state-ow
10、ned enterprises of the area for the first time. The export and import volume of Shenzhen showed a trend of rapid growth, and the total import and export volume has taken the first place among big cities of China. In recent years, the trade in Shenzhen has transformed from rapid growth to stable grow
11、th. Generally speaking, the trade economy of Shenzhen has kept a “fast and excellent” development.In recent years, people have paid much attention to the development of private enterprises. There are many materials in the book or on the internet. The writer of this paper has read several books such
12、as Transnational Business of Private Economy, and the experts and researchers have summarized clearly about the recent situation, problems and developing prospect. Generally speaking, the recent situation of Chinas private enterprises and developing prospect are good. But the problems from the gover
13、nment and internal enterprises are also serious. Through a three-month practice in Shenzhen, the author found that most small and medium-sized enterprises cannot enter into the international market. There are many obstacles for them to enter the foreign trade market. Market Access has limited their
14、behaviors and has become a serious problem for private enterprises. When the author was practicing in the company, she found its management of foreign trade talents was a weak link. Especially in the small and medium-sized enterprises, few workers had academic background. The author was the only one
15、 who knew English and majored in business English, but she did not have any experience. The other staff have experience but just a few of them can speak simple English. So how can these private enterprises join in foreign trade? This attracts the author, so she decides to do some research on the top
16、ic.In this paper, the author will discuss the topic in three parts. First, the author gives a brief introduction of foreign trade of Shenzhen private enterprises. It contains the background, present situation and the problems of Market Access and recruiting and managing specialized foreign trade wor
17、kers. Second, the author analyzes the causes of the problems. On one hand, the government has made obstacles (Market Access); on the other hand, the private enterprises have an internal problem of recruitment of specialized foreign trade talents. At last, the author points out the countermeasures fr
18、om two aspects to solve the problems: One is a reform about Market Access System from the government; the other is about the recruitment of specialized foreign trade talents of Shenzhen private enterprises. A Brief Introduction of Foreign Trade of Shenzhen Private EnterprisesWith the reform and open
19、ing policy, the foreign trade of Shenzhen private enterprises is developing thriftily in recent years. But under the condition of keen competition environment, there are many problems.A. The Background With the development of global economy, the economy of China is growing rapidly, and it is also ex
20、periencing a historic transformation. In the past 20 years, the economy of China which had relied on the state-owned enterprises before has changed into the combined economy, and the private enterprises played an important part during the transformation. Today, the economy scale of the private enter
21、prises is increasing, and the private enterprises of China are energetic enough that it has become a growing point and a main economic force of China. In 2001, China joined in the World Trade Organization, and by and by the world market came to us directly. To the private enterprises which used to s
22、oar in the market, it was undoubtedly good news. So Shenzhen has become one of the largest foreign trade cities and the foreign trade of Shenzhen private enterprises is becoming thriving and prosperous. B. The Present Situation The development of Shenzhen private enterprises has kept a favorable ten
23、dency. They have been earlier developed and more mature comparatively and most of them have already formed a certain scale and owned a strong capacity of competition. This offers a good qualification in foreign trade. In 2006, the trade economy of Shenzhen private enterprises kept a sustained and ra
24、pid growth status. The total number of foreign trade volume of Shenzhen is increasing. According to the statistics of Shenzhen Customs, in 2006, the import and export volume of Shenzhen has increased 29.9% with 237.411 billion U.S. dollars. And the exports volume has increased 34.1% with 136.108 bil
25、lion U.S. dollars, and accounting for one-sixth of the total exports volume of China, two-fifths of Guangdong province. In 2006, the export and import volume of Shenzhen showed a trend of rapid growth, and the total import and export volume has taken the first place. In recent years, the trade in Sh
26、enzhen has transformed from rapid growth to stable growth. Generally speaking, the trade economy of Shenzhen has kept a “fast and excellent” development.C. The Problems The foreign trade of Shenzhen private enterprises is developing prosperously, at the same time, the problems are rushing out. Both
27、the difficulties from the outside environment and deficiencies of the management by themselves are puzzling them. Generally speaking, most of the private enterprises are facing the problems of small scale, lacking of fund and clients. But in this paper, the author just discusses two problems. One is
28、 the government policy about Market Access; the other is the recruitment for specialized foreign trade talents. On the following passage, the author elaborates them into two parts. Firstly, the author analyzes the causes of the existing problems which contain two parts: one is the pressure from the
29、government; the other is the internal problems of private enterprises. Secondly, the author raises a point of view to settle these problems. She lists some countermeasures taken by Shenzhen government, and some countermeasures for the foreign trade personnel management of Shenzhen private enterprise
30、s. Causes for the ProblemsDue to the flawed internal system and less competitive ability in foreign trade, the small and medium-sized private enterprises in Shenzhen is impacted by the restrictions of Market Access System.A. The Obstacles Made by the GovernmentsIt is obvious that government policies
31、 are absolutely important to an enterprise, and sometimes it will exert the decisive effect. The elasticity level of government policy is directly affecting the market order and the security of transactions, the cost and ease degree for the market players to enter the market and the impact on econom
32、ic efficiency and active degree. In order to remain the order in foreign trade, there is a certain height made by the government for private enterprises. We call it Market Access. Market Access refers to a variety of import and export trade restrictions of the international trade between two countri
33、es that open their markets to each other. This including commitments of liberalization extent for tariff and non-tariff barriers. In order to remain the order and competition in foreign trade, the government builds a certain height to Shenzhen private enterprises. That means if the private enterpris
34、es cannot reach a certain qualification, they cannot enter into the market, and they have no chance to the further development and competition. The actual government examining and approving system of China transforms into trade rampart through two ways. One is the “entrance blocking” to the private
35、enterprises in order to protect the interests of the state-owned industry; the other is the obstacles made by the government which contain strict examination, high fees and rent behaviors. In Shenzhen, Market Access has made trade rampart to the private enterprises. The fields which the foreign fund
36、ed enterprises can enter, but the private enterprises are not allowed. The government refuses the small and medium-sized private enterprises to enter some area. So their activities of foreign trade have been restricted. In foreign trade, the problems of Shenzhen private enterprises are mostly caused
37、 by the government. Some experts say: “non-national treatment” indicates that in order to avoid competition between private enterprises and state-owned enterprises, there are some slashing restrictions to the development of the private enterprises. At the same time of opening for the foreign funded
38、enterprises, the private enterprises of China cannot share the relevant policy. In fact, China has given “over national treatment” to the foreign funded enterprises. The reasons for this phenomenon consist of market imperfections in the economic system, the financial services system and legal system
39、. There are some historical reasons for the problems of foreign trade of Shenzhen private enterprises. China has entered the World Tread Organization for over 5 years. In order to realize our promises, we have to open larger fields for the foreign funded enterprises, and their advanced administratio
40、n and rich fund have imposed the burden on Shenzhen private enterprises. To the state-owned enterprises, the government background and fund support make it too far behind to catch up with. Most of all, the defects and problems of the private enterprises are always puzzling their development. Under t
41、he pressure of such kind of competition, the subsistence of Shenzhen private enterprises does actually make people worried. Therefore, the private enterprises of China are waiting for the equal treatment, and they are losing the opportunities. Under the background of “non-national treatment”, the co
42、mpetition of foreign trade among Shenzhen private enterprises, state-owned enterprises and foreign capitalized enterprises are unequal in competition.B. The Problems of Specialized Foreign Trade Talents The internal problems of Shenzhen private enterprises are often represented on the limitation of
43、human resource management. Generally speaking, the recruitment for specialized foreign trade talents is a headachy problem to Shenzhen private enterprises. Compared with the foreign funded enterprises in foreign trade, the talents in Shenzhen private enterprises indeed have disparity. For the Chines
44、e enterprises which eager to be stronger and participate in the international competition, “airborne forces” is an eternal topic because there is no time for enterprises to nurture talents. It can be said that it is almost impossible if one want to be strong without relying on airborne forces. Looki
45、ng at the domestic market of well-known enterprises, there is no enterprise without airborne forces. However, if we make an in-depth investigation to Shenzhen private enterprises, it is surprised that even the large enterprises, their recruitment success rate is very low. It can be said that the ave
46、rage rate is less than 20%. That is to say, within six months, four individuals in five will leave, or be fired, or leave voluntarily. This distresses the managers greatly. In foreign trade, the foreign funded enterprises pay much attention to the recruitment for specialized talents. But in Shenzhen
47、, the human resource management doesnt rely on objective facts or regular mechanism and it restrained by experience, common sense, simple confidence and relative. Because of lacking of effective restriction, the management and decisions of the leaders are short of science and democracy, and this inc
48、reases some risks. Why does the recruitment success rate of domestic private enterprises so low? It is mainly caused by talents sense of the managers. Most of them do not treat recruitment as a science. They think naively that they have the ability to understand and choose talents. The phenomenon of recruiting by feeling is exists. The recruitment process is unreasonable and some managers have no respect for the candidates. The most serious problem for recruitment i
