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1、河北师范大学高等教育自学考试本科毕业论文题目:中西餐桌礼仪差异 专业:英语教育考生姓名:、考生所在单位:准考证号:导师姓名:联系电话： 完成日期：2012 年 2 月 10 日The Difference between ChinaAnd Western in Table MannerBYZhang YingxinProf. Jiang Baocheng，tutorSubmitted to the B.A. Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the
2、 English Department of Hebei Teachers University February 10, 2012 摘要：语言是文化的载体。文化负载词汇在语言中起着重要的作用。不同的社会背景和文化对词汇的文化内涵有很大的影响。餐桌礼仪在中国与西方国家沟通中有举足轻重的地位。沟通时，我们将显示我们的最佳形象和避免文化冲突。学习和使用正确的礼仪不仅能加强我们自己的印象，同时也促进公司的利益和避免冲突。外交礼仪与改革开放的发展政策进入我们的日常生活。除了商业礼仪，餐桌礼仪是非常重要的。由于中国和西方国家之间有许多不同的文化，我们有不同的用餐方式。本文的重点是不同的餐桌礼仪西方和中国
3、之间，并分析产生差异的原因。本文试图比较餐桌礼仪的异同。因此，我们可以了解中西文化促进跨文化交际。序言介绍语言与文化的关系。第一章：餐具设置。第二章：具体的餐桌礼仪。三章：有关的礼仪建议。关键词：文化差异；交际礼仪；差异；方式；AbstractLanguage is a cultural carrier. Culture-loaded vocabulary plays an important role in a language. Different social backgrounds and national cultures have a great effect on the cul
4、tural connotations of vocabulary. Table manners have a decisive position in the communication between China and Western countries. During communication we will show our best image and avoid cultural conflicts. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our own impression, but also
5、promote the benefit and strife of the company. With the development of opening-up policy, foreign etiquette, enter to our daily life day by day. Besides the commercial etiquette, the dinner table etiquette is very important, too. As there are many different cultures between China and Western countri
6、es, we have different dinner manner. This paper focuses on the differences of table manners between the West and China, and analyzes the reasons that caused the differences.This paper attempts to compare the similarities and differences of table manners. Therefore we can understand the eastern and w
7、estern cultures promoting the cross-cultural communication. Introduction is dealing with the relationship between the language and culture. Chapter one: The difference in table set. Chapter two: The specific of table manners. Chapter three: additionals of suggestions.Key words: cultural difference;
8、communication; manner; etiquette; differenceContentsAbstract.IContents.IIIntroduction.III I. The differences between China and Western in Table Set.1 1.1.Western country dinner set.1 1.2 China dinner set.2The Specific of Table Manners.3 2.1 How to order a restaurant.3 2.2 Before dinner start.3 2.3 T
9、he main course.3 2.4 Drinking.4 2.5 Eating No-nos.5Various rules and Suggestions.6Conclusion.8Bibliography.9IntroductionWith the development of Chinas opening-up, more and more Western culture gets into our sight. At the same time, we can see the conflicts and problems in intercultural communication
10、 again and again: one countrys president think that the gesture means friendly, but it enrages another countrys people; some businessmen from foreign countries come to China to do business but failed and left with complaint; some Chinese people go to America to study, but, after a short time, they g
11、ive up the plan, and come back to China. With the further development of the reform and opening to the outside world, the people and the matter in western societies have come in to our visual field more and more. This is a good thing for deepening our understanding of western society. But, this is n
12、ot an easy thing. Because the things we face are coming from strange cultures and countries, and the people we communicate with are different from us in thinking, life custom, and behavior. It is unavoidable for the phenomenon of culture conflicts to appear in the course of communicating with others
13、.I. The differences between China And Western in Table Set There are many culture conflicts in intercultural table set between Chinese culture and western culture, it is impossible for us to list them out one by one. But here will list some frequent conflicts.1.1.Western country dinner setOriental m
14、ay be surprised by table manners in Western culture knowing them will help you make a good impression. Having good table manners means knowing the things such as how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.1Eating in American ,the dinner set you should know, bes
15、ide your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glassesone for white wine, one for the red wine,and one for water. There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and knives in the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the sma
16、ll one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap. If you have English and American friends you will notice a few differences in their cus
17、toms of eating. For the main or meat curse, the English keep the fork in the left hand; point curved downward, and brings the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the knife. Americans carve t
18、he meat in the same position, then lay down the knife and taking the fork in the right hand with the point turned up, push it under a small piece of food without the help of the knife and bring it to the mouth right-side-up.1.2 China dinner setCompare with the Western table set you will find that Ch
19、ina dinner set is simple and easy to use. In China you sometimes get a hot, damp cloth to clean your hands, which, however is not the custom in Western countries. The main difference between China and Western eating habits is that unlike the west, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China
20、 the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. At table they just have a bowl, a spoon and a pair of chopsticks. Of course the chopsticks will take the place of knives and forks, if you are a visitor in China and you don not know how to use the chopsticks you can ask the waiter give you a
21、 pair of knives and forks. If you are in a family and they have no knife and fork you can use the spoon. Because compare with the chopsticks the spoon is easy and convenient, this is why the children often use spoons frequently. 2The Specific of Table MannersThere are many culture conflicts in eatin
22、g custom between Chinese cultural and western culture, it is impossible for us to list them out one by one. There have some frequent conflicts are listed out.2.1 How to order a restaurant The more slap-up the restaurant is, the more necessary to order. When making an order, you have to tell the exac
23、t number of person and the time but also show clearly if you want a non-smoking or well viewing place. If it is for the birthday or any other special days, you can make them know the purpose and budget. It is basically polite that you should arrive in time.2.2 Before dinner startIn Western the dinne
24、r start with a small dish, which is often called a starter. Some people pray before they start eating and other people may keep silent for a moment. Then you can say “Enjoy your meal” to each other and everybody start eating. For the starter which you eat with the small pair, you keep the knife in y
25、our right hand and the fork in your left. After the starter you will get a bowl of soupbut only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving. Sometimes there is a fish course; it will probably follow the soup. There may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Of
26、ten it is smaller. But in China there is no dinner starter.2.3 The main courseAfter the starter is the main course. Many Occidental think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. If you are in someones family you may see some family member use their fingers when t
27、hey eating chicken or other birds, you can follow them but never touch meat in bones. When you are eating in a 3restaurant in western country the main course often supply as beefsteak、sheepskin and other things. In China If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks
28、 you are in the country for the first time, a ton of food will be prepared for you. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal usually begins with a set of at
29、 least four cold dishes, Always the meal include pork、chicken、fish、beef. If you visit Inner Mongolia、Tibet the host will give you some milk to drinking. During the main course the fish usually in a large dish. To be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be ser
30、ved (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all. Perhap
31、s one of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine fri
32、endship and politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it.It is always polite to eat whatever-it-is and say how delicious it is.If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you it is enough and leave the food there.2.4 DrinkingAfter the main course is dessert; in
33、 general the dessert is coffee or ice cream. If you want other things please tell to your host. In Western if your food is dark color the white wine is best choice, if not, you should choice the red wine, most Westerners like soft drink if they will drive home. In China people often drink Baijiu exc
34、eptt women and children .Besides beer, the official Chinese alcoholic beverage is Baijiu, high-proof Chinese liquor made from assorted 4grains. There are varying degrees of Bai Jiu. The Beijing favorite is called Erguotou, which is a whopping 56% alcohol. More expensive are Maotai and Wuliangye. Som
35、etimes they might choice beer, women and children always drinking soft drink 、tea or some water.2.5 Eating No-nos No matter where you are you should know the things; it can help you know the custom. It can make you give the host good impression. As a guest in China. The follow things you should know
36、.1. Dont stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.2.Whennotinuse,chopsticksmustalwaysbeplacedneatlyonthetablewithtw
37、ostickslyingtidilynexttoeachotheratbothends.Neverpointthechopsticksatanotherperson.Thisamountstoinsultingthat person and is a major faux pas. 3. Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should
38、always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table. 4. Dont tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, when the food is coming too slow in a restaurant, people will tap their bowls. If you are in someones home, it i
39、s like insulting the cook. 5. Dont turnover the fish especially you are a driver.When you are in Western country the other things will help you.1. Eat with a fork unless the food is meant to be eaten with fingers. Only babies eat with fingers.2 Always say thank you when served something. 3 If the me
40、al is not buffet style, then wait until everyone is served before eating.4 Eat slowly, dont gobble up the food. Someone took a long time to prepare the 5food, enjoy it slowly. Slowly means to wait about 5 seconds after swallowing before getting another fork.5 When eating rolls, break off a piece of
41、bread before buttering. Eating a whole piece of bread looks tacky.6 Dont reach over someones plate for something; ask for the item to be passed to you.7 Always use a napkin to dab your mouth, which should be on your lap when not in use. Remember, dab your mouth only. Dont wipe your face or blow your
42、 nose with a napkin, both are gross. Excuse yourself from the table and go the restroom to do those things.8 When eating at someones home or a guest of someone at a restaurant, always thank the host and tell them how delicious it was, even if it wasnt. Again, someone took time, energy, and expense t
43、o prepare the food, shows your appreciation.The four points will help you no matter where you are.1. Chew with your mouth closed. No one wants to be grossed out seeing food being chewed up or hearing it being chomped on. This includes no talking with your mouth full.2 Dont make any rude comments about any food being served. It will hurt someones feelings3 Dont stuff your mouth full of food, it looks gross, and they could choke.4 Dont pick a
