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1、初中英语阅读教学初探金坛市指前中学潘巧霞 阅读的过程是对语言的认知过程，阅读有助于巩固和扩大词汇、丰富语言知识、提高运用语言的能力。阅读可以训练思维能力、理解能力、概括能力与判断能力。培养学生的阅读能力是培养学生理解和运用英语技能的一个基本方法，又是落实交际实践性的主要途径。加强阅读训练可以为学生创造大量获取语言知识和运用语言的机会和条件。在课内外的阅读中既可培养学生对语篇进行分析、综合并从中获得信息的能力，也能培养学生的审美情趣，学会欣赏英语文学作品的美，通过自然渗透，陶冶学生良好的情操。 一、阅读课以培养学生的阅读能力为主要的教学目标为达到这一目标，需要学习和掌握课文内容所涉及的词汇、句型
2、、语法和习惯用法等，以及了解课文内容所涉及的文化背景，进而在阅读方法、阅读速度、阅读技巧和阅读理解的准确度和深度（阅读欣赏）上得到提高。在阅读材料的选择上，要使所选择材料在题材、体裁、难度等方面适合教学的实际要求和学生的实际水平，阅读材料可以是名人轶事、历史传说、民间故事、小品、新闻报道、科普常识等，文章要生动有趣、篇幅适当、内涵丰富、难度适中、生词较少。在进行到阅读教学的较高阶段, 可以增加阅读量, 让学生阅读一些学科性较强、富于哲理、异国文化较深层次的文章。通过广泛大量的阅读，不仅有利于学生扩大词汇量，丰富语言，开阔视野，开拓思路，还有利于学生了解英美民族的文化背景、生活、习俗、思维习惯及
3、英语特有的语言表达方式，从而提高阅读理解能力和英语运用能力。在反复的阅读过程中，学生学到的知识不断出现，反复循环，因而对知识的理解进一步加深，摸索出了阅读技巧，积累了阅读经验，理解能力和直接应用能力也就得到训练和提高了。由于学生在阅读中扩大了眼界，增长了知识，英语知识水平得到了强化和巩固，进而开发了智力，而智力的开发又激发了学生的兴趣、意志，促使自己去阅读更多的课外读物。所以我们在实际教学中，尽量做到课文阅读训练与课外阅读指导相结合，课外精读和课外泛读相结合。二、授之以鱼，不如授之以渔现代教育更重视培养学生的自我发展能力，这就要求教师不仅要教学生“学会”，而且还要教学生“会学”。要用各种方法教
4、会学生“怎样学”,使学生具备学习和运用英语的能力。在阅读教学过程中根据不同的阅读目的和要求, 采取由浅入深、由表及里、由具体到概括等不同的阅读方式和策略要求学生进行阅读。常见的阅读方式有:略读:通过整体粗读，领略文章的内容大意,为细读做准备。一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开的。在进行阅读课教学时要有意识地培养学生找出主题句，抓住中心，没有主题句的段落就引导学生依靠段落中的衔接、句际关系来分析、推断和概括段落的大意，从而达到整体理解的目的，获得文章表达的正确信息。跳读: 寻找所需信息,如年代、数字、人名、地名等， 把握住关键词，利用语法过渡词，语气转折词及时态等，抓住文章脉络。细读： 分段细读，注
5、意细节和语言结构，处理语言点，抓住主要事实及关键信息，揭示文章结构的内在联系，帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体，段落与段落之间存在着内在的紧密联系，而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系，所以弄清文章结构上的问题，对于把握文章主题、文章大意非常重要。推读：培养学生猜词的能力是外语教学中十分重要而有意义的一个环节。推测未直接写明的含义、因果关系以及词义， 对学生在自学过程中遇到的新单词、表达法或语法，引导学生学会根据上下文进行猜测，这样既提高了阅读速度，又形成了一种能力，这也是英语阅读的关键所在。概读：要求学生从每篇标题,到各个部分都进行概读、以归纳出要点, 概括作者的主旨、意图、观点、态度
6、，这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于学生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养学生的综合概括能力。三、采用多种教学法，将课堂教学引向激发创造型模式在阅读课教学中，对所学文章要点，教师可采用提问式、谈话式、讨论式等教学法，将课堂教学引向激发创造性模式。进行阅读课教学时,对所学文章要点,教师可首先提出问题和要求, 引导学生注意抓住全文的主旨，然后再进行阅读。教师在提问时要注意难易适度，符合学生的实际水平，使他们有话可谈；学生在解答问题时，逻辑思维能力和语言运用能力都能得到提高，阅读和口语能力也都得到了锻炼。同时，教师要组织好课内外的各种活动和指导学生学习英语的方法，为他们选材、解疑，帮助他们养成良好的学
7、习习惯和培养自学能力，从而保持高度的学习积极性。在阅读时,教师的主要任务是很好地引导学生，唤起学生的想象与抽象思维；对语言知识的讲解要适度，操练要结合语境，使文章内容有生动的现实感，使学生有身临其境的感觉，这样就不难提高学生的阅读水平，我们的英语阅读教学工作也就达到了既定的效果。 总之，阅读能力在初中英语学习中有着举足轻重的作用。提高学生的阅读能力，对于在考试中取得好成绩和适应社会的需要及未来的发展意义重大。教师要从学生的实际出发，激发他们的学习动机，在培养学生良好阅读习惯的同时，通过扩大他们的阅读量和生词量，来丰富他们的英语背景知识，增强他们的语感，使他们学会用英语思维，以提高他们的阅读能力
8、。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through th
9、e crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, an
10、d when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapp
11、ing rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of spac
12、e - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight l
13、ine we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that sa
14、me feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleanin
15、g bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control a
16、s he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited clo
17、ud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airlin
18、ers (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back
19、 the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving
20、into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more
21、dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.待添加的隐藏文字内容1If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-mete
22、r) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont.
23、Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
