《毕业论文（设计）初中英语课堂教学有效性初探.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《毕业论文（设计）初中英语课堂教学有效性初探.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、初中英语课堂教学有效性初探于海良浙江省绍兴县钱清镇中学有效教学是教师利用教学过程的规律，成功引起、维持和促进学生的学习兴趣，相对有效地达到了预期教学效果的教学。它既是有效果的(学生的学习有了进步和发展)，又是有效益的(实现了预期目标)，更是有效率的（在规定的时间内达到尽可能多的教学产出）。那么做为一线的教师又应该如何来使课堂更加的有效性呢,笔者想谈谈自己在近几年教学中的做法与想法：一、有效语言的输出，能提高课堂的有效性有效的课堂活动必须基于学生生活中的一些真实性问题。那些外在于学生的问题，如果不能与学生已有的经验联系起来的话，就会让学生感觉是与自己无关的问题。就不能引起他们的学习、研究兴趣。
2、教师在组织课堂活动时应该尽可能地模拟学生的真实世界，贴近学生的生活，解决学生在现实生活中碰到的真实问题为学习任务，缔学生创造尽可能真实的语言环境 ，让学生在一种自然 、真实的情境下开展学习活动。另外，课堂活动的过程可以让学生模拟经历与专家解决问题相类似的探索过程，让学生的自主性和刨造性得到充分发挥。比如，在“Go for it”九年级Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes中， 在教学“Teenage Problems”时，我就让学生模仿心理医生和有烦恼的中学生进行对话。来开展课堂活动。结果表明，由于活动内容的
3、真实性,学生参与活动的兴趣很浓，自主性和创造性得到了有效地发挥。 教师的语言伴随着教学全过程，成为一种感性的潜移默化的强大力量，从知识、情感、意念三方面塑造着青少年的灵魂。与任何其他的辅助有声语言的手段相比较，有效的语言以其独有的特点在英语教学中起到了特有的作用，其魅力是别的方法无可比拟的，对这一点在我这十二年的英语教学过程中有深刻体会。有效语言的使用使我的课变得生动活泼，深受学生喜爱，因而在提高教学质量方面起到了重要的作用。 二、设计精细问题，促进课堂的有效性在课堂提问中，问题的设计力求巧而精。教师要根据课程自身的特点，巧妙地利用教材，寻找合适的切入点，有意识地设计问题，激发学生充分发挥学习
4、潜能，提高学习质量的巨大动力。人的语言是以思维为基础的，语言交际实际是一种充满创造性的心智活动。因此，在设计提问时要注意面向全体学生，使人人都有参与的机会，并要善于设计新颖别致、并能唤起学生共鸣的问题。教师要注意多设计一些能开拓学生思维的、能激发学生探究愿望的、具有启发性的问题，提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。如：在教学Whatstheweatherlike?这一内容时，教师用图片呈现三组词：sunsunny,windwindy,cloudcloudy后，提问“Canyoumakearuleoutofthethreewords?”引发学生进行观察、分析，寻找规律。学生发现规律后又呈现新词sn
5、owy,foggy,rainy等；然而继续问“CanyouguesstheChinesemeaningsofthem?”促使学生运用自己总结到的构词规律来学习新的单词。英语课堂教学中每一教学步骤都应多设信息沟，层层递进，设计适量灵活性较大的思考题，或让学生从同一来源的材料或信息中探求不同答案，开拓、发展学生思维能力。3三、合理利用合作方式，提高课堂的有效性“合作学习”(COOperative learning )作为一种新的教学组织形式，在近年的初中英语教学中应用越来越广泛。所谓合作学习，就是学生通过分工合作共同达成学习目标的一种学习方式。学生通过个体努力以及小组成员间的合作，完成指派的学习任
6、务。在合作学习过程中，只有小组取得了成功，个人才能成功。合作学习特别强调自主、合作与探究的学习方式，强调要改变以教师为中心和课本为中心的局面，促进学生的主动学习和自主发展。另外，有助于改变传统教学过程中 “教师讲，学生听，教师问，学生答” 这一单一、刻板的教学方式，实现师生之间、学生之间多向、互动、多元的信息交流方式，从而真正推动每个学生进步。在课堂中，合理利用合作方式，能大大提高课堂的有效性。但切勿为“合作”而“设计合作”。1、如何处理无“合作”课堂很多时候在进行“小组合作学习”，你可能会发现教室里鸦雀无声，许多学生只顾自己思考，基本停留在独自学习的基础上，没有真正地讨论、合作；有时会发现小
7、组合作学习确实增加了学生参与机会，但语言表达能力强的学生参与机会多，自由发言机会多，而另一部分学生习惯当听众，很少或从不发表意见等等。因此我们要对全班学生的分组要进行认真研究设计，尽量实行异质分组，使每个组中成员的组织能力、学习能力、学习成绩、性别等都要尽量均衡。并且要确定每个成员的分工可以采取轮换制，如组长、记录员等每个成员可以轮流担任，各成员各负其职。2 如，在学习“Go for it”七年级Unit 12 Dont eat in class.中，教师可结合以前所学的知识和话题，提供给学生有关规章制度的内容，让小组编对话，并在角色扮演中运用所学祈使句的交际用语。2、把握教学活动过程中全员性
8、的合作学习教学活动过程中全员性的合作学习（又称合作教学，如班级授课过程中的讨论学习、角色扮演活动等），指在教师与全班同学之间形成一种良好的合作关系中开展教学活动，它以教学班的全员为合作对象，强调师生合作、生生合作、师师合作，形成了课堂全员参与并合作的教学过程。合作教学论认为：“整个教学系统中的动态因素都是教学活动不可或缺的人力资源，强调所有动态因素之间的互动合作，即师生互动合作、师师互动合作和生生互动合作，由此在课堂信息交流网络上体现出纵横交错的三维立体特征。”各小组根据教师给出的话题或问题展开讨论，每个组员自由发表意见，经记录员记录整理后，由报告员向全班汇报。根据课文的重难点组织小组讨论。6
9、如：在Birthday Party 的课堂教学中，我就扮演Annys father，亲自参与到表演活动中去，与学生一起去体验，取得了非常好的效果。师生共同合作把教师和学生的活动有机的融为一体，提供了一种师生互动的新形式，师生间能够平等的对话与交流，真正地体现了教学的民主。在平等、民主、和谐的师生关系环境下，学生体验到的是平等、自由、民主、尊重、信任、同情、理解和宽容，久而久之，就会形成探索求知的欲望，开拓创新的激情和积极进取的人生态度，教学活动就会高效顺利进行。1做任何事情开始都有一个磨合阶段。作为教师，尤其是一名初中英语教师，我们要放弃“埋怨”，放弃 “偏激”，多学习，多思考，因为我们每天所
10、面对的是一个个正处于成长发展阶段的初中生，我们应当把教学当成一门艺术，真诚地面对每一位学生，不断地钻研教法，积极的去探索，去发现，去耕耘，去创新，一定会取得很好的收获。参考文献：1走进新课程与课程实施者对话（教育部基础教育司组织编写 朱慕菊主编）2 胡海玲.疯狂英语任务型教学与小组合作学习3庾鲜海、王月会：合作学习原则在英语教学中的应用外语教学2003年第5期Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years,
11、covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil
12、Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my child
13、hood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.It
14、s like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of t
15、he Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer,
16、but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling win
17、d kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you
18、could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The
19、 weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) wher
20、e our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he
21、can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the
22、Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he ju
23、mps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of contro
24、l, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow t
25、o 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher
26、than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
