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1、一种基于超高频RFID技术的血液管理智能门系统的研制王全立, 张鹏，徐丽娟，王晓伟，邵春燕，陈民才，陆颖，刘佳，冯学胜，宋海婷摘要 目的 研制一种血液管理智能门系统，实现实时监控和快速批量出入库的目的。方法 应用超高频RFID技术，研制包括读取器，启动装置和信息处理、信息显示、语音播报3个模块组成的智能门系统，比较扫描枪、手持机和智能门三者血液出入库的速度、准确性和完整性。结果 50袋血液平均入库时间分别为：扫描枪225s，手持机65s, 智能门59s（p0.01）。平均出库时间：手持机15s, 智能门6s（p0.01）。与智能门比较，虽然扫描枪和手持机的出入库数量和数据准确，但内容不完整，缺
2、少入库人、血液所在冰箱位置的信息。结论 智能门扫描出入库的速度最快，出库数量和数据准确，内容完整，提高了血液库存管理的效率和安全性。关键词 射频识别；血液管理；智能门Development of UHF RFID technology-based intelligent blood management doors and systemZHANG Peng, CHEN Min-cai, WANG Xiao-wei, SHAO Chun-yan, XU Li-juan, LU Ying, LIU Jia, FENG XUe-sheng, SONG Hai-ting,WANG Quan-li. D
3、epartment of medical engineering , Transfusion Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of AMMS, Beijing 100071, ChinaAbstract Objective To develop a kind of blood management intelligent door system, implement real-time monitoring and fast batch check-in and check-out. Methods To utilize UHF RFID technology, d
4、eveloping an intelligent-door system including the reader, boot device and composed of 3 modules of information processing, information display, voice broadcast. Comparison the blood storage speed, accuracy, and integrity among the scanner, handheld computer and intelligent door. Results Of 50 blood
5、 bags, the average check-in time are: scanner 225s, handset 65s, intelligent door 59s respectively (p0.01); the average check-out time are: handset 15s, intelligent door 6s (p0.01). Comparing with intelligent door, although the number and data are accurate by handheld machines, but the information i
6、s not incomplete, missing runner and blood refrigerators location information. Conclusions The intelligent door is fastest for blood check-in and check-out. The number of blood bags is correct.The blood information is accurate and complete. Blood inventory management efficiency and security is incre
7、ased. Key words radio frequency identification; blood management; intelligent doors对于血液管理的要求是全程管理，即从献血者血管到受血者血管，应涵盖采供血和临床输血的全过程。尽管我国绝大多数血站已经实现了基于128编码的血液管理信息化，但仍存在一定的问题，如：交接班盘点费时费工，需要人工一袋袋进行盘点，不但浪费时间，而且容易出现错误、影响血浆的质量；目前最常用条形码技术进行血液管理，而条形码存在可存储信息少、识别效率不高、容易破损等缺点；近年来，也有考虑采用目前比较流行的低频、高频射频电子标签进行血液管理的研究和
8、使用，但是这些电子标签一般为无源标签，存在识别距离短、只能低速识别、存储量小、环境要求高等缺点，应用在血液管理上，无法满足大批量、快速、环境适应性强等要求；目前常用的管理系统互动性差，不能及时针对过期的血液进行提示。由此可见，现有的血液管理设备和系统在组成与使用上，显然仍存在有不便与缺陷，而亟待加以进一步改进。如何能创设一种信息存储量大、识别效率高、不易破损、环境适应性强、互动性强，且利于血液盘点和质量跟踪的新型结构的基于超高频RFID技术的血液管理智能门及其系统，是当前业界极需改进的目标。我们尝试研制了一种基于超高频射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification，RF
9、ID）技术的血液管理智能门及其系统，现报告如下。1 材料与方法1.1 智能门的设计本智能门的设计基于对915MHZ超高频电子标签信息的读取。由一部以上超高频RFID读取器，智能门启动装置和信息处理、信息显示、语音播报3个模块组成（图1）。基金项目 军队十二五重大项目(AWS11J007-10)作者简介 王全立，医学博士，教授，主要从事输血医学研究，已发表论文120篇作者单位 100071 北京 军事医学科学院附属医院，全军采供血中心通讯作者 王全立，E-mail:wangql77图1 智能门的构成与工作原理Fig.1 Composition and working principle of i
10、ntelligent door1.2 智能门的测试 “LB-T-N-U-V3.0” 型RFID智能标签贴在50袋悬浮红细胞血袋上，其中A型10袋，每袋2.0U；B型15袋，每袋1.0U；O型15袋，每袋1.5U；AB型10袋，每袋2.0U；共90.0U。测试血液通过128码扫描枪（Voyager,MS9540,Micrologic Instruments Inc.）、手持式读写器（AT-570型，韩国）、智能门对50袋不同血型悬浮红细胞从扫描到放入和取出冰箱整个血液入出库流程中，所需要的时间、血液入库数量、数据准确性、内容完整性进行测试。标签存储温度4，读取室温平均25，读取距离智能门0.3m
11、、手持机和扫描枪0.15m。1.2.1 批量入库测试分别以扫描枪、手持机和智能门扫描50袋贴有电子标签的悬浮红细胞100次，每次记录读取数量和准确性及读取时间，核查标签上的信息是否与数据库中的信息一致，并挑选出不合格、待检的血液。1.2.2 批量入出库测试分别以手持机和智能门扫描50袋贴有电子标签的悬浮红细胞100次，记录读取数量和准确性及读取时间，是否会自动核查血液是否过期后再出库。1.3 统计分析应用SPSS11.5统计软件进行两-两比较t检验，显著性界值定为0.05。2 结 果2.1 智能门设计设计研制了一种基于超高频RFID技术的血液管理智能门，其门体内嵌有：一部以上超高频RFID读取
12、器；连接超高频RFID读取器，并对其读取的信息进行处理的信息处理模块；与信息处理模块连接，并将门体的开关信息发送至信息处理模块的智能门启动装置；与信息处理模块连接，显示血袋数量、血型、质量、出入库信息以及门体开闭状态信息的信息显示模块。信息处理模块还通过数据总线和/或通讯模块与系统总服务器连接。智能门启动装置采用磁控开关，并通过GPIO接口与信息处理模块连接。门体还内嵌有播放操作提示的语音播报模块。信息显示模块包括液晶屏及其控制器（图2）。图2 智能门的组成Fig. 2 Composition of the intelligent door2.2 血液批量入库测试三种方法扫描成功率均为100%
13、，入库数量准确，基本数据准确。但扫描枪和手持机的数据不完整，缺少入库人及血液所在的冰箱位置。三种方法的入库平均时间分别为225s、65s和59s，以智能门的速度最快（图3）。智能门与手持机比较：t=14.216，p0.01；智能门与扫描枪比较：t=396.525，p0.01。图3 入库时间比较Fig.3 Comparison of check-in time2.3 血液批量出库测试应用手持式读写器和智能门扫描相同的50袋血液标签，出库100次。虽然成功率均为100%，数量准确，数据准确、完整，但所需时间有明显差别，手持式读写器平均用时15s，智能门为6s(图4,T=169.561，p0.01)
14、。图4 出库时间比较Fig.4 Comparison of check-out time3 讨 论本文报道了我们自行研制的一种基于超高频射频识别技术的血液管理智能门及其系统。其中，超高频RFID读取器可远距离读取超高频RFID电子标签的相关信息。智能门启动装置获取并记录门体的开关信息。信息处理模块对超高频RFID读取器和智能门启动装置获取的信息进行处理，并将相关的处理结果连同血袋数量、血型、质量、出入库信息以及门体开闭状态等信息通过信息显示模块显示。语音播报模块可根据操作者的不同操作播放相应的语音提示。更为优选的实施方式，是将信息处理模块还通过数据总线和/或通讯模块与系统总服务器连接，以便于远
15、程统一管理。智能门启动装置可采用磁控开关，并通过GPIO接口与信息处理模块连接，当打开、关闭冰柜门时，信息读取模块和信息处理模块自动获取开始或者结束工作信号。信息显示模块主要由高分辨率液晶屏及其控制器组成，可向使用者提供血袋数量、设备启动关闭状态等信息，并将每次入库、出库血液的数量、血型、质量、智能门状态等信息自动显示。智能冰柜盘点门专门针对血库环境设计，贴合血库内冰箱存放位置，灵活布置，适应不同血库冰箱摆放方式,不影响对血库冰箱的日常操作。结合冰箱摆放，整体效果美观大方。智能冰柜盘点门高度集成各个模块，采用统一接口，方便与各个设备进行信息交互，实施时可快速部署，步骤简单，节约实施成本及时间。
16、当贴有电子标签的血袋出库经过冰柜或血库门体时，可对血液的数量、血型、质量、进出库等信息进行自动记录，对出入库的人员和血液进行实时监控，不需要人工操作，可以大大提高采供血机构的工作效率，无需人工盘点和查找，即可无形的跟踪血液的出入情况，使用方便、记录准确、快速，并可对血液质量和有效期限进行了有效的监督和提示，大大减少了血液的浪费，安全管理机制更强，很好的解决了传统血液管理系统所存在的弊端。血液库存管理和输血科交接班工作中都需要对库存血液的数量和品种进行核对。红细胞因为保存于4，从冰箱拿出来盘点影响不大，但血浆保存在-20以下，拿出来盘点肯定会部分融化，影响质量。另外，目前的信息系统只能逐袋扫描核
17、对盘点，满足不了紧急情况下的快速核查需求。本系统结合RFID电子标签和智能门可一次对大量血液的标签进行快速读取，对血液的出入库情况进行实时监测盘点，无需取出盘点，减少了人员无谓的工作量，提高了效率，保障了血液质量。通过智能门还可以及时方便的获知血库里哪些血型库存不足、哪些血液将要过期、哪些血袋出现破损，系统均可及时提醒人员做出处理。该系统自动记录操作者及操作内容，便于责任追踪和判定，真正实现了智能化管理。参考文献1石蕾,陈敏雅. RFID系统中阅读器的设计与实现J. 电脑开发与应用, 2008,(7)：54-56.2钱莹,凌云. RFID中间件设计研究J. 电脑与信息技术, 2008,(5)：
18、43-45.3张璟、张楠. RFID技术在医疗中的应用J. 医学信息学杂志，2010（8）： 29-31.4王同显，李大伟，王鹏. RFID在输血医学应用指南（上）J. 中国输血杂志，2011，24（8）：732-735.Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twit
19、ter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off f
20、or the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen
21、many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.
22、You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.待添加的隐藏文字内容3The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positio
23、ned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeli
24、ng of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that w
25、ould take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the
26、 current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting
27、at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than t
28、he tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drif
29、t to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that h
30、e wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (
31、1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to
32、 slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that
33、will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, b
34、ut Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
