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1、 China Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Research Status and Development Trend Abstract: This paper analyzes a single approach hybrid garbage problems and garbage advantages of an integrated approach, a clear distinction between the domestic solid waste for the integrated treatment system and a
2、n integrated treatment process two kinds of concepts, on this basis, respectively, both discussed Research and problems that the integrated treatment of garbage waste disposal system represents the way of life development. Keywords: Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Research trends As Chinas ec
3、onomic strength and technological reserves increased, a variety of municipal solid waste disposal technologies in China has been in varying degrees in different areas of research and application, many economically developed regions, have established a modern landfill, composting plant and incinerati
4、on plant mechanization and other treatment facilities. But for a given region, the different treatment facilities tend to deal with the same mix of domestic waste. As each garbage disposal techniques all have their own advantages and limitations, from the technology itself, economic and environmenta
5、l impact perspective, are only suitable for dealing with garbage in some of the components, so this single process model is not only difficult to meet the the growing number of increasingly complex components of household garbage, reduction, resource processing requirements, but also makes the effec
6、t of municipal solid waste facilities in poor running, pre-treatment and secondary pollution control technology, the complexity of dealing with high cost. In order to address this lack of a single treatment, solid waste requires a comprehensive approach. The so-called comprehensive treatment, that i
7、s, a variety of municipal solid waste disposal technologies in an appropriate manner organically combined to form a complete processing system, each processing technology or facilities deal only with the appropriate solid waste components, thus improving living waste disposal effect, reducing the co
8、st of municipal solid waste in the garbage sound, based on the realization of the resources of domestic garbage. An integrated approach to deal with a single comparison 1.1 Sanitary Landfill Sanitary landfill method of technology is relatively mature, simple operation and management, handling a larg
9、e amount of investment and low operation cost, is today the world leading waste disposal methods. However, mixed garbage landfill has the following disadvantages: (1) domestic garbage in the recyclable material can be burned components or components such as compost can be achieved by recycling part
10、of the landfill together, even taking into account the recovery of landfill gas utilization , mixed landfill is still very low level of resources. (2) Chinas mixed litter moisture content and organic content are high, so a large quantity of leachate generated, processing costs are high; biogas produ
11、ced a large amount of control over their emissions have also increased processing cost. Thus limiting access to landfill sites is a landfill of organic matter content of one of the trends of development. Currently the European Union, Japan and the United States and other countries, the relevant poli
12、cies, have made further restrict access to landfill organic content of the requirements 1. (3) the presence of increasing difficulties in site selection, the increasing costs of landfill cases, the mixed garbage will be a substantial take up landfill space resources. 1.2 Composting Composting can ma
13、ke garbage into organic components in the application for farmland fertilizer, while eliminating its pollution, trash kill the bacteria, with harmless and resource characteristics. However, Chinas composting plant mainly deal with mixed solid waste, its limitations mainly reflected in: (1) As our co
14、untry there is no classification for a broad collection of garbage, so garbage into the plant contain stones, metal, glass, plastic and many other kinds of non-degradable components, such waste must be sorted out and dealt with separately, sorting process complicated and expensive. (2) Even with the
15、 sorting process, garbage in is not conducive to composting components can not be completely excluded, and many poisonous and harmful substances into the compost, such as the long-term heavy use of farm compost, you may create a potential pollution, especially some heavy metals in the soil enriched
16、with the food chain will enter the body. By the compost product cost and quality constraints, poor market for compost products in the market problems. 1.3 Incineration Incineration method has a high degree of reduction, processing cycle is short, small footprint, siting flexibility, burning calories
17、 can be used to generate electricity and so on. In recent years, incineration has been rapid development in China, but the burning of mixed garbage has the following shortcomings: (1) Chinas high rate of domestic waste water, heat value is low, the need for more auxiliary fuel, in addition to garbag
18、e in the dust content and will also affect the burning effect, eventually leading incineration costs. Chinas current exception of a few economically developed cities, other cities with low calorific value of mixed solid waste containing a high amount of slag, not suitable for burning. (2) On the oth
19、er hand, since my kitchen waste mixed litter and more, the high salinity, the greater the contribution of chloride gas, HCl would be corrosive burning stoves, has also increased the difficulty of flue gas treatment and pollution control costs. 1.4 for the integrated treatment An integrated approach
20、can solve the hybrid approach to the problem. After the adoption of an integrated approach, perishable goods and combustible materials have been used, so the amount of landfill material is very small, only 15% of the total volume of 20%, landfill material mainly bricks, rubble and other inorganic wa
21、ste, not will cause serious secondary pollution, saves landfill space; an integrated approach to only combustible garbage incineration, the burning of flammable materials, the resulting smoke less, secondary pollution is small; adopt an integrated approach, the compost only deals perishable organic
22、matter, composition a single, easy composting, but also the low-cost, product quality. 2 for the integrated treatment of the different concepts and research content As the integrated treatment of garbage many advantages, many domestic researchers and managers in the integrated processing system had
23、undertaken extensive research, but because of the concept of an integrated approach to understanding, there is a big difference between the direction of its research. 2.1 Solid Waste Processing System In developed countries, Solid Waste Processing System (MSW integrated processing system) concept is
24、 a variety of treatment facilities (collection, transportation vehicles, transfer stations, sorting centers, recycling, incineration plants, composting plant, landfill site) constitutes the perfect The garbage disposal system. Corresponds to this concept, the researchers hope that through systems an
25、alysis methods and mathematical tools for applications, improve the efficiency of an integrated approach to system operation and reduce the cost of system operation, reduce system running the environmental and social impacts 2-4. Main research contents include: Optimization of treatment. Municipal s
26、olid waste in different ways based on the applicability of the analysis may be the specific circumstances of different geographical select a different approach, and combinations thereof. Practice, the method often used in qualitative analysis, from the necessity and feasibility of a variety of life
27、in terms of waste disposal methods and their combinations for analysis. Waste disposal to choose their own way of life is also a question of how to make decisions, so some researchers have also introduced the system in practice decision-making methods, such as AHP 5, fuzzy decision-making methods 6,
28、 multi-objective dynamic model 7 , 8 etc., in which dynamic model of multi-objective goal is to select the highest overall efficiency, cost minimum, the model can be drawn through the various types of municipal solid waste treatment capacity and proportional manner. Treatment facilities optimization
29、 settings, including the identification of their location, quantity and size. Life in general with the siting of waste disposal facilities, the local natural conditions, socio-economic development and the existing treatment facilities and so on comprehensive consideration to be, there is no fixed te
30、chnical route. Optimization of treatment facilities set up and living closely with the preferred waste disposal method in identifying possible sites, the basis for determining the lives of the local waste disposal methods and the amount of garbage generated, the various components to determine the t
31、ype and size of treatment facilities , especially after the adoption of multi-objective dynamic model to determine the best treatment in different treatment capacity, so as to optimize the combination of the actual situation to set the number and size of treatment facilities was provided. Garbage op
32、timal allocation of logistics. Garbage Logistics Optimization System for allocation is the integrated treatment of the core content, optimizing the means, including a variety of planning methods and mathematical models 3. The most commonly used garbage logistics optimization model for the minimum co
33、st model. Model the total cost of the minimum target, the total cost of transportation costs, landfill fees, cost of composting, incineration costs, recovery of expenses and minus income of recycled materials, compost fertilizer, income, burning energy revenues. In practice, Chenbing Lu et al 9 on t
34、he logistics of Guangzhou solid waste using the minimum cost model of optimal allocation. Because the characteristics of our garbage and mixed collection of effects, drawing on some of the models from abroad, and planning for the application of the results is difficult in practice. If the choice app
35、roach and the proportion of commonly used in multi-objective dynamic programming model, because it is in the waste separation on the basis of design, the model only the domestic garbage in the kitchen by the number of objects designed to composting parameters, according to the number of combustibles
36、 the design parameters can be burned, but the actual mix garbage sorting is generally not carried out, or just a simple sorting, the result is not particularly meaningful. Furthermore, since there are many subjective parameters of the model to market factors such as lack of consideration, the model
37、conclusions difficult to implement in the planning. 2.2 Solid Waste Treatment Technology 90 years from the 20th century onwards, our researchers to address the lack of a single treatment of domestic waste from the viewpoint of an integrated approach to the study and put forward a variety of integrat
38、ed treatment of the concept of garbage, but this idea is different from the widely used abroad, the concept of an integrated processing system, but rather refers to separation techniques such as pre-separation of different litter components, respectively, into a different processing units, these pro
39、cessing units assembled in a factory or a production line, hoping in this way to achieve different Garbage were used for the purpose of appropriate treatment, in order to facilitate the distinction, this paper called for the integrated treatment process (comprehensive treatment technology). Accordin
40、g to the integrated treatment process using the different pre-processing techniques can be divided into the pre-separation co-treatment process, pre-compost for the integrated treatment process, the integrated treatment of the pre-digestion process and so on, where the former generally use physical
41、separation techniques, after repeated sorting garbage is divided into several categories, their classification category determined according to the follow-up treatment process, the latter two although there are a number of sorting steps, but its pre-core technology for composting or digestion. In ad
42、dition, the integrated treatment of process reuse and self-sufficiency in energy is also one of its research directions, in order to facilitate the explanation, this article called energy self-sufficiency in a comprehensive treatment process. Pre-sorting process is the use of an integrated approach
43、to the physical sorting of mixed garbage in the different components were separated by processing purposes, so that separate handling of different components, which is the most widely used integrated approach to technology, research focused on sorting system 10. It is facing the following issues: Fi
44、rst, Chinas implementation of mixed garbage collected by the producers in developed countries, the classification of the work carried out by the factory had to complete the sorting system, sorting system, a great investment and operating costs; second, the current Solid Waste Comprehensive Treatment
45、 Plant were considerably smaller than the scale, the burning of landfill volume and very little volume, in this case, as opposed to incineration or landfill of a single, integrated approach to how to achieve economic comparative advantage is also a need to focus on issues. Pre-composting a comprehen
46、sive treatment process. Can reduce the solid waste composting process of organic matter content and moisture content, it can be integrated solid waste composting process as pretreatment step in processing systems. For burning, it has been easy to burn garbage composting treatment, thermal efficiency
47、, resulting in a smaller amount of harmful gases; to landfill, it has been composting treatment reduced the amount of landfill, reducing leachate production and processing difficulty, reducing landfill gas emissions 11. Although the composting pre-treatment process for the synthesis has obvious bene
48、fits, but not yet in-depth study, not to put into operation projects, in addition, pretreatment technology of compost still high cost of compost for a long time and poor shortcomings surrounding environment. The integrated treatment of pre-digestion composting process and a comprehensive pre-treatment process similar to composting as opposed to pre-treatment, digestion pretreatment biggest advantage is that composting can reduce the time, its environmental impacts would be smaller, but more costly. Energy self-sufficiency for the integrated treatment process is a combination of a varie
