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1、金融英语（术语）不景气 slump （衰退 recession） 二板市场 the second board market中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares内部股（非上市招股） private company shares牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwr
2、iting standards六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist来源：考试大第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators国内生产总值 GD
3、P gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）来源：考试大国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund扩大内需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期 inspire the general publics confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumpt
4、ion 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt按原口径计算 calculate on the base line按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price来源：考试大列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
5、 经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 来源:考试大-口译笔译出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collate
6、ralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk来源：考试大操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中国
7、人民银行（中央银行）The Peoples Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China来源：考试大招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares
8、实际增长率 growth rate in real terms年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）来源：考试大生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost
9、生活费用 income available for living expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient来源：考试大基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速
10、度 excessive pursuit of growth 口译笔译分类词汇（07）-经济金融词汇来源：考试大【考试大我选择，我喜欢】2006年12月26日泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor int
11、ensive 市场风险 market risk 来源：考试大收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved. 合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defi
12、ned.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
13、集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private businesses来源：考试大民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joi
14、nt ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 来源：考试大吸收游资 absorb idle fund 经常性贷款 commercial lending经常性支出 operating expenses再贷款 re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and inno
15、vative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重 increase the
16、proportion of direct financing来源：考试大完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange来源：考试大综合指数 composite index来源：考试大纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securit
17、ies Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩 deflation中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of Chinas modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; p
18、eople live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., Chinas level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为
19、现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the
20、changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈
21、制约 bottleneck constraints放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify reform; deepen ones commitment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社
22、会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes来源：考试大 债转股 debt-to-equity swap头寸宽
23、裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position (tight position)朝阳产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase invest
24、ment.再注资 recapitalization放松银根 to ease monetary policy 信息经济 IT economy外向型经济 export-oriented economy 信息时代 information age来源：考试大全球化 globalization （全球性globality） 信誉风险 reputational risk风险评级 risk rating来源：考试大到期不还贷 default on a loan资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投资（贷款）组
25、合 investment (loan) portfolio 口译笔译分类词汇（07）-经济金融词汇来源：考试大【考试大我选择，我喜欢】2006年12月26日外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves来源：考试大中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterp
26、rises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions不良贷款 non-performing loans防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises creditworthiness and abilit
27、y to fulfil their civil liabilities监事会 supervisory board实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分业管理、规模经营 business segrega
28、tion, economy of scale规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions政策性银行 state policy-related bank国家发展银行 State Development Bank 知识经济 knowledge-based economy来源：考试大网络经济 Internet-based networked economy 指导性计划 guidance plan社会主义市场经济（中国） socialist market economy社会市场经济（德国） socia
29、l market economy新经济（美国） new economy 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision中国人民银行法 Law of the Peoples Bank of China商业银行法 Law of C
30、ommercial Banks保险法 Law of Insurance来源：考试大证券法 Law of Securities巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帐目编号ADR(Amer
31、ican Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证Advance-Decline Theory 涨跌理论adverse balance 逆差来源：考试大advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行an application form 申请单Arbitrage 套利Arbitrageur 套利者As Agent 做代理 Ask-Bid System 竞价系统 associate banker of collection 代收银行At-the-Close Order 收盘指令At-the-Market 按市价At-the-Opening(Opening
32、Only)Order 开盘指令Back Up 逆向变化来源：考试大bad debts 坏帐Bandars note 庄票，银票banding machine 自动存取机bank of communications 交通银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行bank statement 对帐单banker 银行家 banking hours, business hours 营业时间Banque de IIndo Chine 东方汇理银行Bar Chart 条线图Base Market value 基准市场价值Bear Market 熊市Bear Ra
33、iders 大量抛空者bearer check 不记名支票Bearish 行情看跌Bid-and-Asked Quotation(or Quote) 买方报价和卖方报价（报价）blank check 空白支票Blowout 畅销blue chips 蓝筹股Blue-Chip Stocks 蓝筹股来源：考试大bond, debenture, debts 债券bonus share 红股bookkeeper 簿记员bookkeeping 簿记branch bank 银行分行Breakout 突破broker/dealer 券商，经纪人Bull Market 牛市Bullish 行情看涨busine
34、ss accounting 商业会计Buying Power 购买力canceled check 已付支票Cancellation 取消capital market 资本市场Capitalization 资本cash account 现金帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash check 现金支票cash 兑现来源：考试大central bank, national bank, bankers bank 中央银行Certificate 证券证书certificate of deposit 存单Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行
35、chartered bank 特许银行Chase Bank 大通银行check book 支票本check for transfer 转帐支票check stub, counterfoil 票根来源：考试大check 支票clearing and settlement 清算/结算clearing bank 清算银行clearing house 票据交换所Climax(Buying/Selling) 放量（买/卖）Close 收盘价closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金Closing Transaction 平仓交易commercial b
36、ank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）来源：考试大commission 佣金commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品component index 成份指数composite index 综合指数computerized accounting 电脑化会计confirming bank 保兑银行Congestion Area 震荡区来源：考试大consigned banker of collection 委托银行construction bank 建设
37、银行controlling shareholder 控股股东convertible bond 可转换债券Cornering the Market操纵市场corporate bond 企业债券Corporation 股份公司corresponding bank 往来银行cost accounting 成本会计counter sign 双签来源：考试大credit trading 信用交易credit bureau 商业兴信所credit card 信用卡credit cooperatives 信用社credit department 银行的信用部credit union 合作银行来源：考试大cr
38、oss rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率crossed check 横线支票Cum Rights 含权Cyclical Stock 周期性股票Date of Record 登记日Day Order 当日委托指令来源：考试大Day Trading 日交易Dealer 交易商debenture 债券来源：考试大debt chain 债务链deflation 通货收缩deposit book, passbook 存折deposit form 存款单deposit receipt 存款收据 deposit 存款depositor 存户来源：考试大depreciation accoun
39、ting 折旧会计Descending Tops 下降顶点趋势devaluation 货币贬值来源：考试大Dip 回调谷direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇discount bank 贴现银行discount rate, bank rate 贴现率discount 贴现dishonor a check 拒付Distribution Area 整理区Diversification 分散投资dividend 红利/股息domestic bank 国内银行Dont Fight the Tape 顺行情交易Double Bottom 双底Double Top 双顶Dumping 抛售eco
40、nomic boom 经济繁荣来源：考试大economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic recession 经济衰退economic recovery 经济复苏来源：考试大Effective Date 生效日期endorse 背书endorser 背书人来源：考试大equitable tax system 等价税则exchange bank 汇兑银行Ex-Distribution(X Dis) 无分配额Ex-Dividend(XD)(Without Dividend) Date 除息日Expira
41、tion Date 到期日Ex-Right(XRT) 除权Face value 面值favorable balance 顺差financial trust 金融信托公司来源：考试大financing 融资Floor Order Tickets 场内委托单Floor 交易大厅foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动forged check 伪支票来源：考试大Free-Riding 自由放纵投机行为Frozen Account 冻结账户f
42、und custodian bank 基金托管银行fund manager 基金经理/管理公司Fundamental Analysis 基本面分析Futures 期货Gap 跳空GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证general ledger 总帐gilt-edged bond 金边债券gold reserve 黄金储备hard currency 硬通货 Head and Shoulders 头肩形hedge fund 对冲基金Highballing 高价交易highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构Hol
43、der of Record 登记持股人Holding the Market 托盘home loan bank 家宅贷款银行来源：考试大Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行honor a check 兑付Horizontal Price Movement 横盘Hot Issue 抢手证券idle capital 游资import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行In the Tank 跳水Inactive Market 不活跃市场来源：考试大Index 指数indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇ind
44、ustrial and commercial bank 工商银行industrial bank 实业银行inflation 通货膨胀information disclosure 信息披露insider trading/dealing 内幕交易Insider 内幕人Institution 机构投资者institutional investor 机构投资者intermediary 中介机构international balance of payment 国际收支international monetary system 国际货币制度investment bank 投资银行IPO(Initial P
45、ublic Offering)新股初始公开发行Issued-and-Outstanding Stocks 已发行流通股issuer 发行人来源：考试大issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行Joint Account 联合账户joint venture bank 合资银行来源：考试大journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐junk bond 立即债券land bank 土地银行Last Trading Day 最后交易日来源：考试大letter of credit 信用证Liquidation 清仓liquidity 流通性Listed Stock 上市股票来源
46、：考试大local bank 本地银行Long Market value 所持证券市场价值Long Position 多头头寸Manipulation 操纵margins, collateral 保证金来源：考试大market capitalization 市值market manipulation 市场操纵来源：考试大Market Price 市场价格Market value 市场价值Marketability 流动性mark-to-market 逐日盯市Matched Orders 对敲指令member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行来源：考试大merchant bank
47、, accepting bank 承兑银行merger and acquisition收购兼并Merger 合并monetary market 货币市场money (financial) market 金融市场money in circulation 货币流通量money shop, native bank 钱庄mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行national budget 国家预算National City Bank of New York 花旗银行national gross product 国民生
48、产总值来源：考试大Negotiability 流通性negotiable share 可流通股份negotiation bank 议付银行neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所New Issue 新发行note issue 纸币发行量Offer 要价Offering (Asked) Price 卖方要价Offering Date 发行日Off-Floor Order 场外委托On the Tape 行情显示On-Floor Order 场内委托open/close a position 建/平仓open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金Opening Only Order 开盘委托指令Opening Transaction 建仓交易Opening 开盘价order check 记名支票outstanding che
