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1、浅析交往变迁与思想政治教育的范式发展中英文对照The development of communication paradigm change of Ideological and political education in Chinese and English.人的全面发展与人的社会交往程度密切相关，人的自由全面发展的实现也必须建立在社会交往的普遍发展的基础上。交往作为人的存在方式是人的社会性根据，是确立现代思想政治教育存在基础和促使范式转型的理论依据和逻辑基点。当前社会交往方式的主要变迁就是由计划经济向市场经济的转变而引起的人们日常交往方式的个性化、独立化、自由化的变迁；由网络信息技术
2、的迅猛发展和对网络的深度依赖而引起的人们日常生活的现实交往向虚拟交往的变迁。源于人的社会性质和人之生存必须外化自然之特征的思想政治教育，其发生基础和实践范式也必定发生变化。应认识思想政治教育者与对象之间的主体际关系、树立育人的合力观念和生态圈思维、构筑网络育导体系、探寻生活化德育道路。Human development in an all-round way and the social interaction are closely related, realize the free and comprehensive development must be built on social
3、common development on the basis of. Communication as a way of human existence is the social basis, is to establish the theoretical basis and logical starting point of modern ideological and Political Education Foundation and promote the transition of paradigm. Changes of people mainly the changes of
4、 social communication is from a planned economy to a market economy caused by daily communication way personalization, independent, liberal; by the rapid development of information technology and network depth dependence changes caused by the daily life of people in real life to the virtual communic
5、ation. From the human nature of society and human existence must be natural characteristics of the ideological and political education, the foundation and practice paradigm will surely change. Should set up the cognition of Ideological and political education and the main object relation, educationa
6、l force concept and ecological circle thinking, construct network education guide system, exploring the moral life road. 关键词：交往变迁；思想政治教育；人的全面发展；范式发展Keywords: communication change; ideological and political education; all-round human development; development paradigm 当代人的存在方式的虚拟延伸、价值观念的多元主义，以及人类物质生活方
7、式的同质化使得人的价值观念重构问题日益成为了当今社会的一个普遍性、社会性话题。思想政治教育作为价值观念重构的一种方式需要通过实践的不断反思与改良来适应乃至超越这一现实境遇。在此进程中，思想政治教育实践与研究必须扩宽视野紧跟时代步伐，从哲学高度提升思想政治教育实践探究的思维层次。引入交往概念，以交往为视角探讨思想政治教育的现代发展，能使思想政治教育这一实践更深植于现实的人的生活世界，形成富有现实性与针对性的理论，最终促进思想政治教育的科学发展。Virtual extension, the existence way of the contemporary man s concept of val
8、ue pluralism, as well as the peoples material life style homogenization makes values reconstruction problem has increasingly become a popular topic in todays society, social. Ideological and political education as a way of values reconstruction needs to adapt to and even beyond this reality through
9、constant reflection and improvement practice. In this process, the political education practice and research thought must widen the vision to keep pace with the times, from the height of philosophy ideological and political education in the practice level of thinking. Introduction to communication c
10、ommunication concept, modern development perspective of Ideological and political education, can make the practice of Ideological and political education more deeply rooted in the reality of the world of human life, forming a rich reality and pertinence of the theory, and ultimately promote the scie
11、ntific development of the ideological and political education.一、交往与人的全面发展的统一性：思想政治教育实践的逻辑起点A unity of all-round development, communication and human: the logical starting point of Ideological and political education practice 交往是指在特定的历史条件下人与人以及由人所构成的社会共同体之间借助一定的手段，互为主客体之间物质的和精神的交互过程，亦即人们之间物质、能量和信息的交换
12、过程。在马克思看来，交往是人类实践的重要组成部分，人们如何交往决定人的发展。“个人怎样表现自己的生活，他们自己就是怎样，因此，他们是什么样的，这同他们的生产是一致的即和他们生产什么一致，又和他们怎样生产一致。”1同时，马克思还深刻地指出：“人的发展取决于和他直接或间接进行交往的其他一切人的发展”。2马克思主义的交往观实现了逻辑与历史和科学统一，深刻地阐明了交往与人的发展是一个相互作用的动态的、同一的历史发展过程。Communication refers to the use of certain means between mankind and the specific historical
13、 conditions and is composed of the social community, interaction between subject and object are material and spiritual, exchange process that people between matter, energy and information. In Marxs opinion, communication is an important part of human practice, how people decide the development of hu
14、man communication. How individuals can express their lives, they are, therefore, what they are, which is consistent with their production - and what they produce is consistent, and how they produce consistent. 1 at the same time, Marx also pointed out: the development of people depends on and he dir
15、ectly or indirectly to all other people . 2 Marxs theory of communication to achieve the logic and history and the unity of science, profoundly expounded the development of communication and human interaction is a dynamic, with a history of the development process. 首先，交往是人的自由全面发展的基础。人的实践活动离不开交往，交往本身
16、作为人的自由全面发展的重要根基和条件，不仅是人类生产得以进行的前提，而且也是造就人之所以成其为人的社会性品质的根本所在。随着交往范围的全球化、交往主体的多元化、交往内容的全面化和交往方式的现代化，都将不同程度地影响人的全面发展，使人的发展由不自由走向自由，由片面走向全面。其次，人的自由全面发展是交往的前提。任何一种社会形态下所形成的交往都紧紧依赖于一定的人的整体状况和水平，人所掌握的能力素质和技术水平都直接影响着人类交往的水平和程度。为此，原始社会和奴隶社会不可能形成全球性的社会交往。没有人的发展就谈不上交往，交往主体不同，交往活动的表现形式也相差各异。First of all, commun
17、ication is the basis of human freedom and comprehensive development. The practice is inseparable from the communication, communication important foundation and condition itself as the free and comprehensive development of human production, is not only the prerequisite, but also makes people become t
18、he social quality of the essence of human. As the communication range of globalization, communication of the main diversification, communication content and communication mode of the comprehensive modernization, will affect the degree of peoples development in an all-round way, make the person s dev
19、elopment not freedom to freedom, from partial to full. Secondly, the free and comprehensive development of human communication is the premise of. The overall level of the formation of any kind of social forms of communication are closely rely on the people, ability quality and technical level of peo
20、ple to have a direct impact on the level and extent of human communication. Therefore, the primitive society and slave society can not form a global social intercourse. No human development is no contacts, exchanges of different subjects, forms of activities are different.马克思主义社会交往观认为交往不仅是人们相互作用的手段，
21、而且是人们普遍的存在方式和发展方式，人的本质的社会性既根源于交往而又在交往中得以展现确认。因此，交往是人的自由全面发展是高度一致的。这一点，结合涉及人的价值观念信仰问题的思想政治教育实践，无疑其本身也是以人的社会交往为存在之基和源起发端的。换言之，立足与人们的普遍的、日常的、时刻发生的交往活动来认识思想政治教育。Marxs social concept that communication is not only the people of the means of interaction, but also is the existence and development style of
22、common people, human nature is rooted in social communication and exchanges to show confirmation. Therefore, communication is the peoples free and overall development is highly consistent. This, combined with the concept of value belief problem relates to the practice of Ideological and political ed
23、ucation, no doubt itself to peoples social interaction as the foundation for existence and origin of the originator. In other words, based on the universal, time of occurrence, the daily communication activities to understand the ideological and political education. 其一，我们可以充分地把交往视为思想政治教育客观实在的发生基础，即现
24、实基础。从交往为视阈，“既往的思想政治教育本体论把思想政治教育仅仅认定为是一种社会实践活动，而并没有将人对客体物的对象性实践活动和人与人之间的交往实践活动作明确的区分。”3思想政治教育作为主要发生在主体与主体之间的交往实践活动就并不仅只是实现或达成教育目的的一种手段，交往本身对于思想政治教育而言，就具有本体论意义。因而，以交往方式的变迁为研究出发点探讨思想政治教育，就始终凸显了“现实的个人”和肯定的人之为人的第一性。First, we can regard communication as the thought political education the basic objective
25、reality, namely the realistic foundation. From the view of communication, the ideological and political education ontology previous theory to the ideological and political education is only regarded as a kind of social practice activity, but did not practice between people on the object s objective
26、practice and people to distinguish. A means of practice of Ideological and political education on 3 as mainly occurs between the subject and it is not just to achieve or reach the purpose of education, communication itself for the ideological and political education, it has the ontological significa
27、nce. Therefore, changes in the way of communication as the starting point of study of Ideological and political education, has highlighted the reality of the individual and certainly the first person. 其二，我们可以充分地把交往作为思想政治教育研究范式的逻辑起点，即思维方式。思想政治教育其实也就是一种特定的交往方式，或者说是一种具有指向性的交往方式。从交往属性来看，思想政治教育是教育性和引导性的交
28、往；从交往类型来看，思想政治教育是精神交往；从交往过程来看，思想政治教育是一种反思性与生成性相统一的交往。把思想政治教育实践行为视为教育者与受教育者之间的交往行为，就可以通过反思现当代人们交往的显著变迁而思考当代思想政治教育所迫切面临的一系列问题。这就将思想政治教育研究的思维范式进行了扩展，而不是总拘泥于纯粹的思想政治教育自身本体构建一种试图更为精致且科学的学科理论以便指导具体实践。其深刻之处在于：当人们对思想政治教育之合理性、合法性与实效性众口质疑之时，是不是亦应当反思，难道“错”就真的是因为思想政治教育吗？能否把所有思想道德价值观滑坡的“罪名”都附加到思想政治教育不力的名下？Secondl
29、y, the logical starting point we can fully regard communication as ideological education research paradigm, namely the mode of thinking. Ideological and political education is a particular way of communication, or is a kind of directional communication. From the communication point of view, ideologi
30、cal and political education is the education and guidance of communication; from the contact type of view, ideological and political education is the spiritual communication; from the communication process, the ideological and political education is the unification of a reflective and generative com
31、munication. The practice of Ideological and political education as education and communication behavior, you can think of a series of problems of contemporary ideological and political education urgent through significant changes of contemporary people reflect interaction. This is the research parad
32、igm of Ideological and political education is extended, not rigidly adhere to the ideological and political education to construct a pure itself to more refined and scientific theories to guide practice. Its profound lies in: when people on the ideological and political education of the rationality,
33、 legitimacy and effectiveness of a question, is it right? Should also reflect on, is wrong is really because of the ideological and political education? Whether all the moral values of landslide charges are appended to the name of the ideological and political education is ineffective? 其三，我们可以充分地把交往
34、作为思想政治教育系统结构的解析范式，即新型方法。思想政治教育定位是“国家（主体）（中介）受教育者（客体）”的过程，而不是狭义的“教育者（主体）受教育者（客体）”的过程。因而系统化认识思想政治教育对于切实提高思想政治教育实效非常重要。按照交往目的的层次递进，可以直接将思想政治教育系统分为思想政治教育外围交往、思想政治教育指向交往、思想政治教育内容交往。这就有利于促进实践的科学分工和有机通力合作，达成学科化的话语，确实增强思想政治教育的规范性和科学性。在实际运作当中，也有利于区分思想政治教育组织管理与思想政治教育具体过程，真正使其成为一门科学。Thirdly, we can fully regar
35、d communication as the analytical paradigm of the system of Ideological and political education structure, namely the model method. Orientation of the ideological and political education is the national ( subject)( intermediary ), education ( object) process, rather than the narrow Education ( subje
36、ct), education ( object) process. Thus the systematic understanding of Ideological and political education to improve the effectiveness of Ideological and political education is very important. According to the hierarchical communicative purpose, can be directly to the ideological and political educ
37、ation system is divided into the ideological and political education, ideological and political education to peripheral communication content of Ideological and political education, communication. This will be conducive to promote the practice of division of labor and the organic act with united str
38、ength, a subject of discourse, is the ideological and political education of normative and scientific. In the actual operation, but also conducive to distinguish the ideological political education organization management and ideological and political education process, make its become a science. 思想
39、政治教育与人的交往方式是密切联系在一起的，甚至任何教育行为本身都是一种师生间交往行为。这一点，不仅马克思主义的基本观点认同，西方学者也一致认同，例如杜威认为：“社会生活不仅和交往完全相同，而且一切交往（因而也就是一切真正的社会生活）都具有教育性”。4雅斯贝尔斯也认为：“教育是人与人精神相契合，文化得以传递的活动。而人与人的交往是双方的对话和敞亮所谓教育，不过是人对人的主体间灵肉交流活动”。5思想政治教育无论是作为培养人的实践活动，还是人之自我建构的实践活动，其最终目的都是指向个体人的完善和整体社会化。总之，以交往方式与人的全面发展的相互关系为基点，是思想政治教育现代性转向的重要认识论基础，同时
40、对指导具体实践也具有方法论意义。The ideological and political education and the people are closely linked, or even any educational behavior itself is a kind of teacher-student interpersonal behavior. This point, to identify not only the basic viewpoints of Marx doctrine, western scholars agree, for example, Dewey s
41、aid: the society is exactly the same and communication, and all communication ( so it is all true social life ) is educational . 4 Jaspers also said: education is the human spirit fit, culture can transfer activity. And the people is the dialogue and bright . . The so-called education, but is the so
42、ul of exchange activities between the main person to person . 5 of Ideological and political education both as cultured human practice, or the self construction practice, its final purpose is to improve the whole society and to the individual. In a word, mutual relations of all-round development in
43、communication with people as the starting point, based on the understanding of modern ideological and political education steering, at the same time, the practice of guiding significance of methodology.二、当代社会交往方式的变迁：思想政治教育发生的现实生态In two, the contemporary social interaction: realistic ecological occur
44、rence of Ideological and Political Education 马克思主义交往理论认为交往作为推动社会发展的重要动力，它与生产力一起推动社会发展，根源于社会物质基础的社会交往方式也是个变迁发展的过程。这就给我们提供了认识和分析当代人们交往问题的方法论和认识论启示。一方面，考察我国社会交往方式的变迁要从现实的物质生产关系中去寻找；另方面，也要从一定时代社会交往的变迁中查找具有某一个时代的新特征和新变化，从而研究相应的问题、提出相应的对策。这里，通过分析我国现阶段社会变化，宏观上当前我国最深刻的交往变迁就是交往方式的跨地域化、交往主体的独立化、交往方式的虚拟化这三大特点，
45、而这三个特点亦构成了当代思想政治教育存在、发生与发展的现实背景，并对其产生了深远影响：Marxs communication theory holds that communication is an important driving force for social development, it promotes the development of society and the process of productivity, rooted in the social material base of social communication is also a change of
46、development. This gives us a method for understanding and analysis of contemporary people of the contact problem of epistemology and enlightenment. On the one hand, a review of evolution of social interaction to find from the realistic material production relations; on the other hand, to find the tr
47、ansition to communication from a certain age society has new characteristics and new changes of a certain age, in order to study the corresponding problem, put forward the corresponding countermeasures. Here, through the analysis of the present stage of our country social changes, the macroscopic cu
48、rrent our country the most profound change is the way of communication exchanges across the region, communication of the main independent, intercourse mode the virtualization of these three features, and these three characteristics constitute the reality of contemporary ideological and political edu
49、cation, the occurrence and development of, and exerted a far-reaching influence on the: 一是世界性普遍交往的进一步扩大对一定民族性、地域性和文化性限度内的交往方式构成“同质化”的影响。马克思用“世界历史”的观点来考察人的发展问题，指出世界历史是通过人的劳动而诞生的过程，伴随着世界历史的发展，人也必然得到相应的发展。随着民族历史向世界历史的转变，人的交往也越来越不局限在一定的民族国家内部，而是转变成为世界性的交往，即“普遍交往”。马克思曾对由于资本主义的发展而导致的世界交往的广泛形成深刻地描述并指出：“不断扩大产品销路的需要，驱使资产阶级奔走于全球各地，它必须到处落户，到处开发，到处建立联系。资产阶级由于开拓了世界市场，使一切国家的生产和消费都成为世界性的了。”6今天，我们看到的事实是，交往的全球化已经非常突出了，交往全球化为人类生存和发展创造物质条件和技术手段，
