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1、定语从句典型错误例析(10期) 1 我给他看了我上周在杭州拍的照片。 误 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week 正 I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week 析 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（thatwhich）的定语从句， whichthat 指代the photos, 在定语从句中充当took的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。2 那个正在修理汽车的人是我叔叔。 误 The man is mendin
2、g the car is my uncle 正 The man who that is mending the car is my uncle 析关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略。本句还可以译为：The man mending the car is my uncle（-ing形式短语mending the car作the man的后置定语。）3 昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？ 误 Who is the man who sent you home last night 正 Who is the man that sent you home last night 析当主句为含有who的疑问句且先
3、行词指人时，关系代词用that而不用who; 同样，当主句是含有which 的疑问句且先行词指物时，关系代词用that而不用which。如：Which is the book that you bought yesterday 哪本书是你昨天买的？（此句中的关系代词在句中作宾语，可以省略。）4 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？ 误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday 正 Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday 析 若把this 看作kite的修饰语，
4、短语this kite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应加上代词the one。 如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么kite应为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Is this the kite your father made for you yesterday （句中省略了关系代词thatwhich。）5 他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。 误 They talked about a lot of things and persons what who which they knew 正 They tal
5、ked about a lot of things and persons that they knew 析 先行词既指人又指物时，应用that来引导定语从句。what不可以用来引导定语从句。6 她告诉我的就这些。 误 This is all which she told me 正 This is all (that) she told me 析 当先行词为all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等或名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本句还可译为：This is what s
6、he told me不过此时what引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。7 我还记得我在北京度过的日子。 误 I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing 正 I still remember the days (whichthat) Ispent in Beijing 析 定语从句中引导词的选择关键是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语、表语、宾语，则引导词通常为which, that, who, whom, as； 如果缺少定语，则用关系代词whose；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词when,
7、where, why。分析例句的成分可知，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which 或that 来引导定语从句。若把例句变为： I still remember the days I enjoyed myself in Beijing 则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词when。8 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。 误 This is the problem about that well talk tomorrow 正 This is the problem about which well talk tomorrow 正 This is the problem (t
8、hat which) well talk about tomorrow 析 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用which。另外，有些固定短语如look after, listen to等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。 9 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。 误 The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town 正 The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the bigg
9、est supermarket in town 析 分析句意可知, building 和roof之间存在所属关系，故应用whose，whose在引导定语从句时既可指人，又可指物，通常可与of which互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：The building, the roof of which (或of which the roof) can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town。10 他们昨晚看了一部影片，影片讲述的是关于美国内战的故事。 误 They saw a film last night, that tells about
10、 the American Civil War 正 They saw a film last night, which tells about the American Civil War 析 that 不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。11 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。 误 Which is very natural, man cant live without air 正 As is very natural, man cant live without air 正 Man cant live without air, which as is very natural 析 which,
11、 as 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语。但which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。12 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。 误 He was one of the students who was late this morning 正 He was one of the students who were late this morning 析 在“one of复数名词”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数；在“the only one of 复数名词”的结构中，定语从句的先行词是one，故谓语动词应用
12、单数。如： She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing 她是我们班惟一去过北京的学生。13 我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子了。 误 My hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago 正 My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago 析 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时，关系代词一般只能用that。另外，先行词是there be结构中的主语时，关系代词也常用that, 口语中这两种情况中的关系代词that也可省略。如：There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays。
