水果削皮机的工业工程设计中期答辩.doc

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1、水果削皮机的工业工程设计中期答辩毕业设计(论文)中期报告 题目: 水果削皮机的工业工程设计 院(系) 机电工程学院 专 业 工业工程 班 级 110217 姓 名 学 号 110217114 导 师 2015年 5 月 13 日 industrial electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, p

2、rinciple and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the structure and working principle of auto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, busi

3、ness management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service protection of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical

4、bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amount of space allowances to ensure that future expansion of the system without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements,

5、new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, data, voice in the future; in the uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing t

6、he main wiring in the building, switching locations are also located 一、 设计进展状况 1. 外文翻译 已经完成英文文献Design and Development of an Apparatus for Grating and Peeling Fruits and Vegetables的翻译和修正。 2. 问卷调查分析 通过问卷调查,了解现有水果削皮机的不足之处和改进型水果削皮机的市场所在,对所要设计的产品有一个大致方向上的把握。 图1.问卷调查统计图 由图表可知,水果削皮机的市场是广阔的,拥有多种功能、操作简便、售价合理

7、的削皮机设计尤其受到喜爱。 3. 水果削皮机的设计 3.1 设计原理概述 本课题的设计采用不锈钢的支架,用真空原理的塑料吸盘来固定机子,方便而牢固;利用弹性削皮刀具仿形能力强,以适应不同椭圆度和凹凸面,刀头从苹果顶部开始旋转,直到苹果底部。苹果削皮挖心切片机主要由传动、操纵、工作三部分组成工作部分主要由挖心切片刀、叉刀、削皮刀、吸盘、手柄、传动轴等组成,工作时 (1)按住底座,搬动吸盘拉杆,将机器固定在桌面上; (2)压下削皮刀头,将自动调节弹簧扣住; (3)按住调节卡扣,使其处于松开状态,同时将螺杆伸到最大位置; (4)将苹果垂直直接插入固定针,调节到合适的位置可松开调节可扣; (5)松开自

8、动调整弹簧,刀片顶部旋转螺丝调节,越宽削皮越厚,宽度越小削皮越薄; industrial electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the structure and working prin

9、ciple of auto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service

10、 protection of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amount of space allowances

11、to ensure that future expansion of the system without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, data, voice in the futur

12、e; in the uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building, switching locations are also located (6)另一只手摇动手柄沿

13、着顺时针方向; (7)侧面刀片为切片中间固定去核,一个苹果从削皮、切片、去核、一次性就能完成,非常方便; (8)最后留在叉刀头上的苹果核用手小心除去。 3.2.整体设计 外观的设计理念以美观小巧精致为指导思想,将水果削皮机设计成一种不仅实用而且美观的物品。在实用的同时,还可以美化家居,让人有一种美的感觉,使产品成为一种艺术品。 表1.水果削皮机明细表 industrial electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equip

14、ment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the structure and working principle of auto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master th

15、e theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service protection of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection alg

16、orithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amount of space allowances to ensure that future expansion of the system without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of t

17、he comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, data, voice in the future; in the uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls

18、 outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building, switching locations are also located 图2.苹果削皮机正面实体图 图3.苹果削皮机侧面实体图 3.3. 工作部件设计 3.3.1 削皮刀片的设计 (1)削皮刀片材料选择 水果酸性大,腐蚀性强,要求削皮刀具具有较高的防锈能力。本机选择了价格便宜且具有一定防锈能力的铝合金刀片作为削皮刀片的选用材料 (2)刀具的外形确定 前提条件:1)苹果的外形是顶部、底部凹陷的近似圆形,凹陷处

19、外 圆直径d1,d2最大直径17毫米。如图所示 industrial electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the structure and working principle of a

20、uto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service protectio

21、n of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amount of space allowances to ensure

22、that future expansion of the system without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, data, voice in the future; in the

23、uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building, switching locations are also located 图4. 刀具切削示意图 2)为了增加苹果顶部

24、和底部的去皮面积,必须使刃线运动到图中的C位置,削皮刀具的切削路径应始终和回转中心线B-B1垂直。 3)削皮厚度考虑,为了达到削皮薄,去皮效果好的目的,去皮厚底应在0.6到1.2mm之间。 将该机器的切削刀片设计成弧形,弯曲弧度由市场上能买到的去皮刀片模拟实验得出,刀片切入角度应该能够和根据苹果大小和形状的不同进行调整,所以,刀具与刀具台之间设计成活动的,用蝶形螺栓进行固定,以实现角度的要求。因为刀具台和刀具之间是活动的,弹簧1作用力压迫刀具和刀具台与苹果果皮接触,这时就不需要担心去皮厚度,厚度等于刀具台与刀具之间的距离。 表2.切削刃宽对比表 刃宽(mm) 削皮厚度(mm) 去皮干净程度 加

25、工后表面光洁度 12 0.2-0.3 欠好 较好 24 0.4-0.6 好 好 (3)实验与分析 在压于刀具后面弹簧不变的情况下,用弧长为12mm和24mm的刀片分别进行削皮加工,实验结果如下: 当刃宽为12mm(窄)时,因刃线与苹果的顶部和底部不能保持相切,产生尖点接触,加上到头重量轻、径向跳动大、容易出现漏削状况,去皮干净程度和表面光洁度下降;又因刀头重量轻,吃刀深度浅,使得切削厚度有所下降。当刃宽为24mm时,其削皮厚度虽然比刃宽为12mm是略有增加,但其他两项指标均优于前者,故本机采用刃宽为24mm。 industrial electronics. (3) auto configura

26、tion, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the structure and working principle of auto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehen

27、sive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service protection of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, seale

28、d, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amount of space allowances to ensure that future expansion of the system without the need to install a

29、new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, data, voice in the future; in the uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the product

30、ion floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building, switching locations are also located (4)切削角度 这里主要指刃倾角,契角,前角,后角.如下图所示.由于果品物料 的组织松软,含有大量的水分,表皮组织又有较高的韧性,所以在切削加工过程中,要求刀具锋利.挤压力小,

31、为此,对上述角度提出如下要求: 1)刃倾角 刃倾角是切削刃和切削速度V的垂直间的夹角,如图a所示。有了人倾角,即可进行斜交切割.斜角切割有以下两点好处:a. 减少了道具在切削过程中的实际工作契角和刃圆半径Ra,又因斜角切削不会改变刀具的刃磨角度,从而保证了刀具的耐用度;b.斜角切割时,切削速度V的方向不垂直于切削刃,沿着切削刃方向有一个速度分量V故切削刃相对于苹果除了“切”之外,刃,还有“割”的作用,从而使切削刀刃显得更加锋利,减少了削皮厚度。所以斜角o 切削省力省功,加工质量高。本机先用=5。 2)契角 如图b所示,为了使刀具更锋利,降低切削加工的挤压力,食品刀具的契角一般都很小,但刀具的契

32、角过小将使刀具的耐用度下降,导致加工产oo o品质量降低。对于水果类的切削刀具,一般=5,20,单片刀片的契角=17 。 3)前角前角的大小直接影响着刀具的锋利和牢固程度,影响切削作用和挤推作用的比例,决定刀具的切削性能。在保证刀具具有一定的耐用度下,尽量oo加大前角使刀刃锋利,以增加刃切作用减小挤推作用。本机选用:=63,68. 4)后角 后角的作用主要是在切削过程中减小后刃面与加工对象(已加工表面)之间的摩擦,在水果加工中,二者之间的摩擦阻力很小,所以后角大小的选择不是主要矛盾。由图4(c)知,契角,前角,后角三者的和为90度,oooo前面已选前角为63,68,契角为17度,故本机后角为5

33、,10。此数值基本符合加工塑性大或弹性大的金属材料的后角取值范围。 图4a 切削角度示意图 图4b 契角示意图 industrial electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the stru

34、cture and working principle of auto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing a

35、nd after-sales service protection of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amoun

36、t of space allowances to ensure that future expansion of the system without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, da

37、ta, voice in the future; in the uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building, switching locations are als

38、o located 图4c切削角度示意图 (5)削皮机构的结构特点 安装削皮刀片的削皮刀架由2Cr不锈钢制作而成,其弯曲程度由之前确定的刀具角度确定,满足要求即可。因加工对象的最大直径为90mm。则要求刀架上的刀具能以半径R=50mm的圆旋转,以满足切削要求。假设刀具台的原动力弹簧为0,则刀具台能够转动270度,完全能满足要求。本机采用螺旋扭转弹簧,压着刀具台使削皮刀片在加工对象表变有一定压力,能随着被切削物形状的变化而变化,达到削皮的目的。 通过实验知,刀刃个刀具台之间的距离为1mm左右时,削皮质量较好(皮薄、已加工表面光滑、切削阻力小;小于此数值时,刀刃在苹果表面易脱落,增加了漏削率;大于

39、此数值时,增加了切削过程中的推挤作用,已加工表面的光洁度下降。这个距离不是固定不变的,可以随水果的大小而适当改变,有刀具上的蝶形螺母控制,简单易操作。 图5 刀具实体图 industrial electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of profess

40、ional knowledge. (4) the structure and working principle of auto test and diagnostic equipment, control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoret

41、ical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service protection of cables can be up to, while also providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges mus

42、t also retain a certain amount of space allowances to ensure that future expansion of the system without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main bui

43、lding, workshop structure, data, voice in the future; in the uniform distribution. Main connection (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building

44、, switching locations are also located 3.3.2挖心切片刀几何参数的确定 选几种直径分别为70,80,90mm的苹果,进行测定,取算术平均值填入表中,由数据知,苹果心直径为30mm,长度为38mm,顶尾部下陷最大直径为17mm。以上数据作为设计挖心刀的尺寸依据。该机挖心刀刃部非常锋利,刀的端部做成契型,便于入切,采用斜角切入,加上横断刀的配合,使该机挖心切削阻力小,出渣容易. 图6苹果核示意图 表1.常见苹果的尺寸调查 由以上数据确定出挖心刀去核直径为20mm,能最大限度的提高水果出肉率,较少切削过程中的浪费。 图5 挖心切片刀片 industrial

45、electronics. (3) auto configuration, theory, maintenance, structure and principle of Automotive electrical equipment, maintenance, car electric control system of structure, principle and repair of professional knowledge. (4) the structure and working principle of auto test and diagnostic equipment,

46、control of automobile comprehensive performance evaluation parameters and influencing factors. (5) the master the theory of rational use of the car and running material, business management, basic theoretical knowledge of marketing and after-sales service protection of cables can be up to, while als

47、o providing a fire-proof, sealed, rugged space can safely extend cable to the destination. Channel selection algorithm and subsystem level design algorithm. As with vertical bridge, horizontal bridges must also retain a certain amount of space allowances to ensure that future expansion of the system

48、 without the need to install a new line. Sixth section 2.6.1 PDS cabling system design, and building design of the comprehensive wiring system according to the requirements, new Dunan valve plant main building, workshop structure, data, voice in the future; in the uniform distribution. Main connecti

49、on (MDF) located on the production floor of the second floor Center room (network equipment), by telephone calls outside the telephone Office is responsible for introducing the main wiring in the building, switching locations are also located 该刀片为硬度较高的铝合金材料制成,在切削进给过程中,果核将沿圆孔型刀具直线前进,果肉随着进给轴的运动,被孔边缘的弧形刀片切割成螺旋状,最终果核将留在叉刀之上,实现果肉和果核的分离。 3.3.3 固定吸盘的选择 图6 常用吸盘示意图 吸盘是一种带密封唇边的,在与被吸物体接触后形成一个临时的密封

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