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1、精英考研英语翻译讲座,第三讲 适当增添清楚明了 考题实例：Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.（2000）在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。一般来说，翻译时不应对原文的内容随意增减。不过，由于英汉两种语言文字之间所存在的悬殊差异，
2、在实际翻译过程中很难做到词字上的完全对应。一般情况是为意义完整而增译，如英语中某些及物动词用作不及物动词时后面省略了宾语，write,read,wash,精英考研英语翻译讲座,1）Mary washes before meals玛丽饭前洗手。2）Mary washes before going to bed玛丽睡前洗脚。3）Mary washes after getting up.玛丽起床后洗脸。4）Mary washes for a living玛丽靠洗衣度日。5）Mary washes in a restaurant玛丽在饭店洗碗。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,考题实例：But for many
3、,the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.其主结构为系表结构the fact is a victory 译文：但在许多人看来，穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己，而且生活得几乎和过去依靠政府救济时生活得一样好，这件事本身就是一个巨大的胜利。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,增词法的常用情况1增添原文语法所省略的词语1)Matter can be changed into
4、 energy,and energy into matter.物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。2)In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communique.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,2 增添必要的连接成分增加连词英语中的并列连词和从属连词大都是以单个单词出现，而汉语中的联合连词和偏正连词大都是成对出现。因此，在将
5、英语译成汉语时，应将汉语的连词补充完整如:if，如果，那么because因为，所以;although虽然，但是;unless除非，否则1)Heated,water will change into vapor.水如受热，就会汽化。2)However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed,some heat escapes and is lost.虽然锅炉壳与蒸汽管是严密封闭的，然而还是有一部分热损耗。3)Since air has weight,it exerts force on any object immersed in
6、it.因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任一物体都会受到空气的作用力。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,3用增词法表达出原文的复数概念和数量词英语中没有量词，而汉语表达中的量词却是不可缺少的，如：first thing第一件事；the first oil well第一口油井；等等。1)The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。2)He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars.他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。3)N
7、ote that the words“velocity”and“speed”require explanation.请注意，“速度”和“速率”这两个词需要解释。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,4用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚1)Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。2)This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers.这种在甚低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。3)After all preparation
8、s were made,the plane took off.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,5增加完善性或概括性的词语1)Air pressure decreases with altitude.气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。2)According to scientists,it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。3)A runner from Kenya has won the 42 km Boston Marathon肯
9、尼亚的一位长跑选手赢得了波士顿42公里马拉松赛冠军。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,6重复性增词1)Avoid using this computer in extreme cold,heat,dust or humidity.不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。2)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾经遇到的情况要么氧气设备出故障，要么引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。3)A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge,but a neutro
10、n has neither.质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。,精英考研英语翻译讲座,7修辞或连贯增词1)This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打字机真是价廉物美。2)They build roads,houses,bridges,ships,pipelines,and canals.他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。3)A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses,his theories,and his conclusion.科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。,
