《考研英语讲座.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语讲座.ppt（24页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、考研英语培训 完形填空,Overview,完形填空命题分析真题讲解模拟练习,完形填空命题分析,命题形式和思路解题程序主要测试点常见上下文（句）逻辑词,完形填空命题分析,1.完形填空命题形式 完形填空的基本命题形式是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文（新大纲规定在240-280词左右），出题人有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后面去除一些词语，形成总共20出词语空缺，然后在相应的空缺处设置包括三个干扰项在内的四个备选答案，需要考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。本部分共10分，20题，每题分值为0.5分。,完形填空命题分析,2.完形填空命题思路 对整体环境进行把握和理解解决具体问题 对已知信息进行把握和理解破解未
2、知信息 理解：出题人将20处未知信息设置在一个庞大的已知信息体系之中，是因为20处填空绝对不是单独存在的20个孤立的句子，它们都是一篇文章的一部分，是属于一个整体的。因此，破解者20处填空首先必须对整片文章进行把握，从把握整体的高度去“俯视”整体中的20处具体填空。,完形填空命题分析,解题程序用2-3 分钟的时间对整篇文章做整体通读（preview）。整体通读的目标：掌握整篇文章的主线，即文章的主题+文章的导向或者作者的态度倾向，建立起对文章的整体把握。按段精度，按段理解，按段分析，按段做题。段落本身就是相对独立的意群，可以以段落为单位来解题；在以段落为单位解题时仍要注意首先要从整体上把握段落
3、的布局和结构，把握段落的核心主线相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律 句子内部 上下文中 整个意群，段落和文章的结构中做完20个填空题，再进行整篇通读（review）,判断恢复后的文章的连贯性和一致性。,完形填空命题分析,主要测试点阅读理解能力 对文章整体（中心和结构）的把握和理解 对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解 对句子内部结及意义的把握和理解 要求：考生对文章进行“精读”，即对文章从整体到每个句子的内部细节都要完全把握。英语知识运用能力 语法（20%-30%）固定习语（10%左右）词汇的辨析和使用（60%-70%）,完形填空命题分析,常见上下文（句）逻辑词 并列关系 and,or,nei
4、thernor,eitheror,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,the sameas 递进关系 also,then,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,in addition,what is more 举例关系 such as,for example,for instance,to take as an example,more specifically,完形填空命题分析,常见上下文（句）逻辑词因果关系 because,for,since,
5、thus,hence,therefore,so,sothat,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,as a result,because of,in that,in response to,with,for this reason转折关系 but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,rather than,instead of让步关系 although,though,even though,even
6、 if,nevertheless,despite,in spite of总结关系 in all,in brief,in short,in a word,in conclusion,to sum up,to summarize,to conclude,真题讲解2011,Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But 1 some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence
7、on physical fitness.Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3 heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.,1.A.among B.except C.despite D.li
8、ke2.A.reflect B.demand C.indicate D.produce3.A.stabilizing B.boosting C.impairing D.determining 4.A.transmit B.sustain C.evaluate D.Observe5.A.measurable B.manageable C.affordable D.renewable,真题讲解2011,6,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the
9、7.studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.,6.A.in turn B.in fact C.in addition C.in brief7.A.opposite B.impossible C.average D.expected8.A.hardens B.weakens C.tightens D.relaxes,真题讲解2011,Such bodily react
10、ion might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individuals emotional state.11 one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions.It was argued at the end
11、 of 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.,9.A.aggravate B.generate C.moderate D.enhance10.A.physical B.mental C.subconscious D.internal11.A.except for B.mental C.Due to D.As for12.A.with B.on C.in D.at13.A.unless B.until C.if D.bec
12、ause,真题讲解2011,Although sadness also 14 tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth thereby creating an artificial
13、 smile-or with their lips,which would produce a(n)17 expression.,14.A.exhausts B.follows C.Precedes D.suppresses15.A.into B.from C.towards D.beyond16.A.fetch B.bite C.pick D.hold17.A.disappointed B.excited C.joyful D.indifferent,真题讲解2011,Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusi
14、astically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.,18.A.adapted B.catered C.turned D.reacted19.A.suggesting B.requiring C.mentioning D.
15、supposing20.A.Eventually B.Consequently C.Similarly D.Conversely,真题讲解2010,In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how shop floor lighting 1 worker
16、s productivity.Instead,the studies ended 2 giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect”,the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.,1.A.affected B.achieved C.extracted D.restored2.A.at B.up C.with D.off3.A.truth B.sight C.act D.proof,真题讲解2010,Th
17、e idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant.According to 5 of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment;7 something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8 that they were being experi
18、mented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers behavior 10 itself.,4.A.controversial B.perplexing C.mischievous D.ambiguous5.A.requirements B.explanations C.accounts D.assessments6.A.conclude B.matter C.indicate D.work7.A.as far as B.for fear that C.in case that D.so long as8.A.awareness B.expectation
19、C.sentiment D.illusion9.A.suitable B.excessive C.enough D.abundant10.A.about B.for C.on D.by,真题讲解2010,After several decades,the same data were 11 to econometric analysis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store.12 the descriptions on record,no systematic 13 was found that levels of pr
20、oductivity were related to changes in lighting.,11.A.compared B.shown C.subjected D.conveyed12.A.Contrary to B.Consistent with C.Parallel with D.Peculiar to 13.A.evidence B.guidance C.implication D.source,真题讲解2010,It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 inte
21、rpretation of what happened.15,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,14.A.disputable B.enlightening C.reliable D.misleading15.A.In contrast B.For example C.In consequenc
22、e D.As usual16.A.duly B.accidentally C.unpredictably D.suddenly17.A.failed B.ceased C.started D.continued,真题讲解2010,18 a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays.Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any ca
23、se,before 20 a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged“Hawthorne effect”is hard to pin down.,18.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.However D.Meanwhile19.A.attempted B.tended C.chose D.intended20.A.breaking B.climbing C.surpassing D.hitting,真题讲解2009,Research on animal intelligence alw
24、ays makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not bein
25、g too terrifically bright.,1.A.suppose B.Consider C.Observe D.Imagine 2.A.tended B.feared C.happened D.threatened3.A.thinner B.stabler C.lighter D.dimmer4.A.tendency B.advantage C.inclination D.priority,真题讲解2009,Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is sl
26、ow 6 the starting line because it depends on learninga 7 processinstead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they have apparently learned is when to 8.,5.A.insists on B.sums up C.turns out D.puts forward6.A.off B.behind C.over D.along7.A.incredible B.spontaneou
27、s C.inevitable D.gradual8.A.flight B.doubt C.stop D.think,真题讲解2009,Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?Thats the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we have left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of ou
28、r intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal I have ever met.,9.A.invisible B.limited C.indefinite D.different10.A.upward B.forward C.afterward D.backward11.A.features B.influences C.results D.costs12.A.outside B.on C.by D.across,真题讲解2009,Research on animal intelligence also makes me
29、wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to16 decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there
30、is.,13.A.deliver B.carry C.perform D.apply14.A.by chance B.in contrast C.perform D.for instance15.A,if B.unless C.as D.lest16.A.moderate B.overcome C.determine D.reach17.A.at B.for C.after D.with,真题讲解2009,18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.,18.A.Above all B.After all C.However D.Otherwise19.A.Fundamental B.comprehensive C.equivalent D.hostile20.A.By accident B.In time C.So far D.Better still,
