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1、Unit 13 The water PlanetI教学内容分析 水是人类生活的源泉，没有水人类就不能生存；水是生命的摇篮，没有了水，就没有了一切生命。水在地球上分布很广，约占地球表面的四分之三。水在日常生活中和农业生产中的用途是十分广泛的。人们的衣食住行，没有一样可以离得了水。做饭、饮用，需要水；洗衣、洗澡，需要水。非洲缺水已造成空前的灾难。废水的污染，使许多的江河湖泊的水变色变质。解决用水困难，目前只有两种途径：一是节约用水，二是净化废水。现在，随着社会的发展，人类对水的开发利用也越来越广泛，我们要珍惜水，节约用水。 本单元的中心话题是水，主要围绕水的重要性、水的特征、水的用途、水的化学结构
2、和物理性质，以及河流人海口和海洋等，展开话题，讨论如何保护地球上的水资源。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“水”这一中心话题设计的。 Warming up部分设计了四个有关水的实验和三个问题。首先让学生讨论每个实验将会发生的现象并阐明原因。第一个实验是在一杯装满水的杯子上放一张硬纸板，然后将杯子倒过来，让学生思考硬纸板会不会掉落，杯中的水会不会倒出。第二个实验是同时将油和水倒入杯中，让学生思考油和水会出现什么现象。第三个实验是将粉笔放入盛水的杯中24个小时，让学生思考将会出现的现象。第四个实验是将冰块分别放入清水杯和盐水杯中，让学生思考两杯水中将会出现的不同现象。这四个实验，学生都很熟悉，由此引导学
3、生谈论水的物理性质和化学性质，再进一步讨论水对动物和植物的重要性以及如何保护地球上的水资源。这部分的目的是引出本单元中心话题，为学生主动参与本单元的各项活动做好准备，并激活关于水的认知图式(cognitive content schema)。 Listening部分的内容主要是通过听一首英国诗人塞缪尔泰勒柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge，1772，10211834725)的诗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner(苦舟子吟或译为老水手的故事)了解海洋，了解大自然。故事通过讲述一个水手因杀死一只信天翁而招致灾难的故事，告诉我们自然界的万物都有其内在
4、的价值，人类应当认识并尊重这一点，从而引出热爱自然，保持生态平衡的重要性。听力内容分为两部分，共设计了八个问题，要求学生就听力内容回答这些问题。 Speaking部分设计了一个Pariwork讨论如何正确使用和保护水资源。本部分共设计了五个问题，紧扣所呈现的六幅展示人们在电力、农业、家用、工业、交通和娱乐等方面用水的图画，要求学生运用书中所提供的交际用语讨论人类在利用水资源方向的现状，并对如何正确使用和保护水资源提出自己的看法和建议。该话题具有较强的现实意义，有利于增强学生的环保意识。该部分通过练习“making suggestions and expressing opinions”的语言功
5、能，加强学生的口语表达能力和相互合作意识。 Pre-reading部分首先要求学生在浏览课文段落的标题之后，根据所给的句子结构写出六个问题，预测下文阅读文章的内容，猜测文章梗概。然后要求学生以小组讨论的方式讨论这些问题并书面回答这些问题。这里的重点存于如何使学生讨论的内容围绕课文所要展示的话题，促进学生对课文的理解。教师可以利用本部分的练习激活学生关于说明文(expository article)的形式图式(formal schema)。 Reading是一篇介绍水的说明文，可分为七部分。(1)地球是一个以海洋为主体的星球，水使得海洋成为一个很优越的牛活场所。，(2)水的化学结构使得水成为极好
6、的生物生存环境。(3)地球海洋里的盐度大约为35。(4)密度是指质量和容量的相关程度。纯水的密度是1,000 kg/m。(5)热容量是一种物质升高一摄氏度所需要的能量。水的热容量相对较高。(6)由于盐度和温度的变化影响着水的密度，所以海里的水总是移动的。(7)总括全文，学习水的特征有助于我们了解地球上的生命。Post-reading所设计的问题，有助于学生更深刻地了解课文内容。第一部分要求学生重新回到Pre-reading部分，运用课文所学知识，回答该部分的六个问题。然后让学生思考哪些问题课文没有涉及，并阐明原因。最后让学生讨论还应该补充哪些问题。第二部分针对课文内容，检测学生水的化学结构、密
7、度和热容量的理解。Language study分词汇和语法两部分。词汇部分首先要求学生将打乱顺序的字母排列成为一个正确的单词；其次要求学生根据所给单词的首字母填空。该部分练习旨在帮助学生复习本单元所学的重点词汇。语法部分复习情态动词。首先是有关情态动词的八道单项选择题；其次是根据句子的意思，选择合适的情态动词填补信息断层的语篇。Integrating skills分读和写两部分。“读”部分是一篇有关河流人海口的阅读材料，介绍了河流人海口有着丰富的生态资源及其对动植物和人类的重要性。全文分四部分，即：河流的人海口是我们这个星球上的动植物养殖场；河口是自然界生物繁衍的极好场所；保护河口的重要性；河
8、口为人类提供了休闲和教育的场所。本部分要求学生通读全文并回答文后五个问题，掌握文章的主旨和细节。“写”部分提出了四个问题，要求学生任选其中一个问题，运用已知的自然科学知识和本单元所学到的知识写一段说明文字。该练习有助于培养学生写说明文的能力。Tips列举了写说明文时应该注意的事项，目的是培养学生写说明文的能力。Checkpoint 13归纳了情态动词的用法。同时通过一个问题引导学生对本单元所学的有关水的词汇做一次小结。II教学重点与难点1教学重点 (1)了解水的相关知识。 (2)本单元的生词和短语。 (3)复习情态动词。2教学难点 (1)如何提高学生的听力和口语能力，如何帮助学生完成“听力”和
9、“口语”任务。 (2)如何帮助学生了解水的特征。 (3)学习如何写说明文。III教学计划 本单元分六课时： 第一课时：Warming up，Listening 第二课时：Speaking 第三、四课时：Pre-reading，Reading，Post-reading 第五课时：Language study 第六课时：Integrating skillsIV教学步骤Period l Warming up，ListeningTeaching Goals：I. To learn sth about water by doing experiments2.To develop Ss listening
10、 abilityTeaching Procedures：Step 1Warming up1Guess game：Purpose：To arouse Ss interest in learning about waterGet Ss to guess the riddles (1)lts very important to all the animals and plants Its also important to human beings Its liquid at room temperature Every day you keep in touch with it You cant
11、live without it (a thing) Whats it?(It is water) (2)Dear User， Shame to you allthe Ignorant I am your life But you seem not to value me Give me all the respect For in me is eternal life If you continue abusing me Surely，all forms of life will wither away Have you ever imagined Life without me? I tel
12、l youit will be unbearable Think twice For every drop counts This is a letter from_(water)2Group work：Purpose：Make everyone work in groupsGet Ss to discuss and ask the questions below： (1)What have you cared about water and our planet? (2)Collect as many words related to water as possibleSuggested A
13、nswers： (1)Two thirds on the surface of the earth is covered by waterAs we all knowthe earth is an ocean planet and 99of the living space on earth is in the oceans It is water that makes the ocean such a great place to live inThats why our earth is called the water planetWe use water to drink, cook，
14、clean，wash clothes and wash ourselvesPlants and animals need water to drink and grow too Alsowater can be used to make electricity(2)River，lakeocean，ice，steam，sweat，rain，fishwater 3Pair work：Purpose：To motivate the whole class to learn sth about water（1）Show Ss the four experiments and ask them to d
15、iscuss what happens and whySuggested Answers：*Experiment 1：The result is that the paper wont fall and the water wont flowWhen the glass of water covered with a piece of paper is turned upside downthe pressure from air to the piece of paper is bigger than the pressure from the water in the glass to t
16、he piece to paper*Experiment 2：The part above is vegetable oil and the part below is waterThats because the density of water is higher than the density of vegetable oilVegetable oil cant dissolve in water*Experiment 3：Chalk is made from calciumand calcium cant dissolve in water*Experiment 4：When the
17、 ice cube dissolves in fresh water，the surface of the water is the sameHowever，when the ice cube dissolves in salt water，the surface of the water is higher(P盐水V1=m冰，V1=m冰P盐水，当冰化了后，质量是不变的能够化成水的体积为V2，那么：V2=m水p水=m冰p水，因为P盐水P水可见V2V1，那么冰化后，水面要上升。)4Group work：Purpose：To make every student work in groupsDis
18、cuss the following question：Whom properties or characteristics do you know about water?Suggested Answers：Colorless，tasteless，odorless，wet，three forms(solid，liquid，gas)，absorbing heat，dissolvingStep 2Pre-listening 1.Tell Ss that they will hear about the poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel
19、Taylor Coleridge2.Introduction Samuel Taylor Coleridge (17721834)，English poet，critic，and philosopher，who was a leader of the romantic movementHe was born on October 21，1772，the son of a clergymanHe studied in Cambridge，but left without a degreeLater he began a lifelong friendship with the poet Will
20、iam WordsworthHis famous works are The Rime of the Ancient Mariner，Kubla Khan，etcThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a mysterious，terrible and romantic storyWhen a ship sets out to sea，one of the mariners shoots a bird that flies above the shipThat brings bad luck and death to the mariners3Get Ss to
21、read the questions of Part l in the textbookStep 3While-listening1Listen to Part l for the first time and finish the following“T”or“F”questions (1)This poem was written by a British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge in the 18th century ( ) (2)In the poem，one of the sailors kills a fish under the ship ( )
22、 (3)It is believed that the animal he kills is one that brings good luck to the ship ( )(4)Other sailors are so frightened and angrythat they kill the sailor ( ) (5)The sailors are extremely thirsty but they cant drink the water in the sea，because it is too dirty ( )Suggested Answers： (1)T (2)F (3)T
23、 (4)F (5)F2Listen to Part 1 for the second time and answer the following questions： (1)Who tells the story in the poem? (2)What does one of the sailors do? (3)What do you think will happen next? (4)why are the other sailors frightened?Suggested Answers： (1)The story is told by a mysterious guest at
24、a wedding (2)He shoots a bird that flies above the ship (3)Maybe something bad will happen (4)They are frightened，because the killed bird is thought to bring good luck to the ship3Listen to Part 1 for the third time and complete the following passageOne day，one of them(1)_，or mariners，(2)_a bird tha
25、t flies above the shipWhen the other mariners see what he has done，they are(3)_and(4)_The bird he has killed is a bird that brings(5)_(6)_to the shipBy killing the bird，the mariner has brought bad luck and(7)_to the sailorsSoon things turn badThe wind(8)_down and the sailors are(9)_and(10)_There is
26、water all around them but they(11)_drink it because it is too(12)_“Water，water everywhere，nor any(13)_to drink”The mariners are so thirsty，hungry and frightened that they begin to(14)_things：they think they see monsters(15)_on the waterSuggested Answers：(1)sailors(2)shoots(3)frightened(4)angry(5)goo
27、d(6)luck(7)death(8)dies(9)hungry(10)thirsty(11)cant(12)salty(13)drop(14)imagine(15)walking4What happens in the end? Lets continue to listen to Part 2First read the questions of Part 2 in the textbook5Listen to Part 2 for the first time and complete the following sentences (1)In the poem，two gods _ov
28、er what should happen to the ship and the_(2)Finally，they decide that all must_(3)The mariner who shot the bird must _through it all and will _by having to tell the story to all the people he meets the _of his life (4)The other mariners _down _on the ships deck，except the mariner who shot the bird(5
29、)Left _on the ship，the mariner suffers fromand fear(6)When the mariner is _at last，he must _around and _the story(7)After telling the story，themariner saysand asks them to learn from his_Suggested Answers： (1)argue，mariners (2)die (3)live，pay，rest (4)fall，dead (5)alone，loneliness (6)rescued，walk，tel
30、l (7)ancient，farewell，sufferings6Listen to Part 2 for the second time and answer the following questions (1)What happens to the sailors? (2)What happens to the mariner? Why? (3)Why is the person telling the story? (4)Who is the“mysterious guest”?Suggested Answers： (1)All the mariners die-except the
31、mariner who shot the bird (2)Two gods decide that the mariner who shot the bird will live but must always tell his story (3)Because he has to tell the story to all the people he meets (4)The“mysterious guest”is the“ancient mariner”who shot the birdStep 4Post-listening Purpose：To check whether Ss und
32、erstand the content of the story and train Ss cooperative ability，Pair work：What can you learn from this story?Suggested Answers：Everything existing in the world has their own certain valuesWe should understand and respect them 1Animals and humans are all elements of natureAll things living on the e
33、arth have their value and beauty 2Animals and humans should live in harmony 3We should understand and respect them 4Evil is rewarded with evil and a good turn deserves anotherStep 5HomeworkWrite a short paragraph to describe waterPreview Speaking Period 2 Speaking Teaching Goals：1To make Ss understa
34、nd how to express opinions2To develop Ss speaking abilityTeaching Procedures：Step 1Pre-speaking1Individual work：Purpose: To make each student work in classdevelop their interest in learning water Review what was learnt in the last periodAsk Ss to tell sth about water2Pair work：Purpose：To train Ss ab
35、ility to cooperate with each other Talk about the ways water can be usedStep 2Speaking1. Group work：Purpose：To make the whole class work-talk about water Look at the pictures(Textbook，P18)They show some examples of how we use water in different waysMake full use of the expressions in the textbook wh
36、ile talking，and then fill in the chart belowWays to use waterHow is the Water beingUsed?Why do we useWater in thisWay?What are someDisadvantages of using water in this way?Is this a goodway to use water?Who benefits From using water in this way?ElectricityAgriculture Home useIndustryTransportEnterta
37、inmentSuggested Answers：Ways to use waterHow is the Water beingUsed?Why do we useWater in thisWay?What are someDisadvantages of using water in this way?Is this a goodway to use water?Who benefits From using water in this way?ElectricityMake electricityWater energy isclean, safe andcan be reused.Dams
38、 sometimes destroy theenvironment.Yes Everyone, AgricultureGrow plantsAnd vegetablesWater is needed to grow crops.A lot of water isoften wasted inthe processYes.Many people Home useCook, clean and washMeet the basicneeds.Waste a lot of water.A lot of water is polluted or wasted.One family orall kind
39、sIndustryMake a product or operate a factory. All factories need water.A lot of water is polluted or wasted.No, the pollutedwater will pollute the environment.Factories of all kinds.TransportTransport allkinds of goodsIt is cheap andeasy to sendthings by shipIf a ship carriesdangerousmaterials, it w
40、illpollute large water areasYes.Many peopleEntertainmententertainmentMost of us lovewater sports(keep &enjoy nature)Many touristsThrow rubbish on the beach and into the water.Yes.Many people2Get Ss to look at the pictures and discuss the following questionsWhat can you see in the picture? What can w
41、e do to protect the water on our planet?Suggested Answers：The river is very dirtyThe water is being seriously pollutedTo protect the water，we should save every drop of water and stop throwing rubbish into waterBesideswe should try our best to help the people around us and realize the importance of u
42、sing and protecting our waterStep 3Post-speakingPurpose：To train Ss to study on their ownIndividual work：Read the following passage and express your feelingsNowadaysthe conflict between economic development and great water demand has become more and more fierceMany big cities，for example，Shanghai，an
43、d even many countries are struggling with the problem of being short of waterThis problem has converted to an environmental oneGlobal Water Organization has warned that，if the governments all over the world dont solve the water resource problem at the first place，by 2025，half of the worlds populatio
44、n will face the threat of water shortageAt present30of the worlds population are under pressure of the lack of waterThere are 20 million children who died from water problemsThe rivers and wetlands are being reducedand the ecological balance is being destroyedStep 4HomeworkSurf the Internet and find
45、 more information about water pollutionDesign a poster to show people the importance of using and protecting our water planetPreview the Reading and try to know what the text is about Periods 3&4 Pre-reading，Reading，Post-readingTeaching Goals：1To learn about the properties of water2To help Ss to realize the importance of water to human beings and the planet3To develop some basic reading skills4To enable Ss to master sonic wor
